Detailed Lesson Plan

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

A. identify the different kinds of bacteria;

B. draw the different shapes of bacteria;
C. appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Bacteria
B. Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bact
eria_02.ppt
b. Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
from
http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/bacter
ia
c. Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved
fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
C. Materials: visual aids (mp and pictures)
D. Skills: drawing
E. Values: appreciation, patience
F. Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it
has more benefits to humans and the environment.

III.Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review (this will take 5 mins)

Before we proceed to our lesson,

let’s have a review about
unicellular organism. Can you give
me an example of a unicellular Ma’am bacteria and protozoa.
organism?

Very good, what else? Ma’am, unicellular algae and

unicellular fungi or yeasts.

Yes. That’s correct! And why are Ma’am because they are single-celled
they called unicellular organism? organism. From the root word uni
which means one or single.

Very good. These unicellular

 organisms are single-celled and
also called prokaryotes. Now, do
you have any idea if what is the
Ma’am Bacteria!
smallest type of unicellular
organism?

You’re right!

C. Motivation (this will take 10 mins)

Class, I have here a picture which

shows different words that are
(students choose a word and explain)
related to bacteria. I want you to
choose one word and use it to
describe or define bacteria.

(show picture)

D. Developmental Activities
(this will take 20 mins)

Okay class, since we already

describe and define bacteria; let us Ma’am, the white colored bacterium
now study the different shapes of has a round shape.
bacteria. Look at this photo
carefully and tell me the shape of
each bacterium. (show picture) Ma’am the bacterium on the center has
a rod shape.

Ma’am it is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Very good. What else?

Correct. And the last one?

Yes. Very good. These are the

three basic shapes; rod shaped
called bacilli, round shaped called
cocci and the spiral shaped also Yes ma’am!
called spirillum. Some exist as
single cells, others are clustered Ma’am because the bacteria can
together. reproduce.
Do you think bacteria are alive?

Why do you think so? Ma’am because they eat.

You’re right. Very good! What else

can make you think that a
bacterium is alive?
Ma’am because the bacteria can move.
Yes. What else?
Ma’am they use their flagella to move.

Very good. What do they use to

move?
Yes. Most motile bacteria move by
the use of flagella There are helical
bacteria which have a specialized
internal structure known as the
axial filament which is responsible Ma’am they reproduce through binary
for rotation of the cell in a spiral fission wherein they multiply through
fashion and consequent locomotion division.
and others are gliding bacteria.

Since we said a while ago that a Ma’am through conjugation, wherein

bacteria can reproduce, do you the cilia of the bacterium connects to
have any idea how they other cilia of a bacterium then transfers
reproduce? genetic material to another.

Very good. There is one more way Ma’am some make their own food from
on how bacteria reproduce, what is sunlight, like the photosynthetic
it? bacteria.

Ma’am some are scavengers like the

bacteria in our stomach which eat what
You’re right! Now, what do you we eat.
think do they eat?
Ma’am some bacteria eat other
bacteria which are also called
Yes. Another? pathogens.

Correct! What else? Ma’am bacteria that make us sick.

Ma’am they produce poisons that result

in fever, headache, vomiting, and
Very good! So what are diarrhea and destroy body tissue.
pathogens? Do you have any idea?

And how do they make you sick? Ma’am through direct contact with
people who are sick.

Ma’am from food, Water, or other

surfaces that are contaminated.
Correct! Where do you get a
pathogen?

Yes, what else? Yes ma’am. For example, you could

become infected if you come into contact
with equipment that has been touched
by an ill person.
Is it also possible that you get
infected through indirect contact? Ma’am some pathogenic bacteria rely
How? on insect carriers such as mosquitoes,
fleas, lice or ticks to move from host to
host.

Yes. What else? No ma’am.

 Ma’am not all bacteria are pathogenic
because there are some types of
Very good! Are all bacteria bacteria that help with digestion and
pathogens? also used as ingredients of some foods
like cheese for fermentation.
Why? Explain further.
Ma’am it is also used for production of
antibiotics and the photosynthetic
bacteria produces oxygen.

Correct. Anymore more idea?

Very well said! Can you give some
example of helpful bacteria as we
have said a while ago that not all
bacteria are pathogenic and some
are helpful? So what are these
helpful bacteria?
Ma’am, one is Pediococcus which is
used in production of fermented meats.
Ma’am Lactobacillus casei which is
found in human intestines and mouth
to improve digestion.

Yes. What else? Ma’am Leuconostoc cremoris which is

used in the production of buttermilk
and sour cream.

Ma’am Lactobacillus bulgaricus which

Anymore? is used in the production of yogurt and
cheese.

No more? Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables.

Very good. Do you know some Ma’am Salmonella which is found in

common pathogens? raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit
and vegetables
Yes. What else? Ma’am Listeria which is Found in deli
foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.
Correct. What else?

Ma’am washing our hands often will

You’re right. So what can we do to avoid the transfer of bacteria to our
prevent or avoid these pathogenic mouth or food.
bacteria?
Ma’am food should be cook thoroughly
to kill any pathogens that may be in the
food.
Yes. What else?
Ma’am let us store food properly to limit
pathogen growth.
Correct. Anymore?

Very good!
 E. Application (this will take 5 mins)
Direction: Bring out a piece of bond
paper and draw the different
shapes of bacteria.
F. Generalization (this will take 5 mins)
Okay class, let’s have a recap on
what we have discussed today.
What are bacteria?
What are the different shapes of
bacteria?
What are the evidences or proof
that bacteria are alive?
What are pathogens?
How do we get pathogens?
What are the examples of good
bacteria?
What are the common pathogenic
bacteria?
How can we avoid pathogenic
bacteria?
Very good!
IV. Evaluation (this will take 5 mins)
(students will now draw)
Ma’am bacteria are the smallest
unicellular organism.
Ma’am the rod shaped called bacilli,
round shaped called cocci and the
spiral shaped also called spirillum.
Ma’am they move, reproduce and eat.
Ma’am the bacteria that make us sick.
Ma’am through direct and indirect
contact with other people. And also
from the contaminated foods, water
and surfaces.
Ma’am Pediococcus which is used in
production of fermented meats,
Lactobacillus casei which is found in
human intestines and mouth to
improve digestion, Leuconostoc
cremoris which is used in the
production of buttermilk and sour
cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
which is used in the production of
yogurt and cheese.
Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is
found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables, Salmonella
which is found in raw meats, poultry,
eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables and
Listeria which is Found in deli foods,
lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.
Ma’am we should wash our hands
often, food should be cook thoroughly
and food should be stored properly to
avoid pathogenic bacteria.
 Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is
beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)

1. Pediococcus
2. Pathogenic E. coli
3. Lactobacillus casei
4. Salmonella
5. Leuconostoc cremoris
6. Listeria
7. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

V. Assignment

Read about multicellular organism.

Prepared by:

Elaine D. Calayag