Earth Retaining Wall

Erly Bahsan
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Indonesia

Soil Mechanics Class

2020
Outline

• Introduction
• Gravity Wall
• Cantilever Wall
• Stability Calculation

2
Gravity Wall

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Retaining_wall_Gravity_Stone.JPG 3
Gravity Wall

4
Gabion (Bronjong)

5
Earth Retaining Walls

6
Standard
• SNI 8460:2017
• Pasal 10 :
Struktur Penahan Tanah
• Pasal 10.2 :
Dinding Penahan Tanah
Tipe gravitasi dan semi
gravitasi, termasuk dinding
penahan tanah tipe
kantilever, dinding penahan
tanah tipe kantilever dengan
pengaku

7
Limit states in wall designs
(from Craig 2006)

Must consider:
• Overturning of the wall due to instability of the retained soil mass.
• Base pressure must not exceed the ultimate bearing capacity of the supporting
soil, the maximum base pressure occurring at the toe of the wall because of the
eccentricity and inclination of the resultant load.
• Sliding between the base of the wall and the underlying soil.
• The development of a deep slip surface which envelops the structure as a whole.
• Soil and wall deformations which cause adverse effects on the wall itself or on
adjacent structures and services.
• Adverse seepage effects, internal erosion or leakage through the wall:
consideration should be given to the consequences of the failure of drainage
systems to operate as intended.
• Structural failure of any element of the wall or combined soil/structure failure.

8
Types of Failure

SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION

SNI 8460:2017 MUNI BUDHU 3RD EDITION
9
Design
Geotechnical
• Overturning Moment
• Sliding
• Bearing capacity & settlement
• Global stability

Structural
• Bending Moment
• Shear
10
Design (Gravity Wall)

11
Design (Gravity Wall)

W1
W2 Pa

1/3H

B
0.5B 0.5B

12
SNI Factor of Safety

From National Standard of Indonesia for Geotechnical Design,

SNI 8460:2017 :
a. Factor of safety against overturning should be at minimum 2
b. Factor of safety against sliding should be at minimum 1.5
c. Factor of safety against bearing capacity should be at minimum 3

13
Overturning Moment
• Overturning moment relative to the toe of the wall

Resisting moment
𝐹𝑆 =
Mobilized moment

𝑊1 × 0.75𝐵 + 𝑊2 × 0.33𝐵
=
𝑃𝑎 × 1ൗ3 𝐻
≥2

14
Sliding

𝑊1 + 𝑊2 tan 𝛿 + (𝑐′ × 𝐵)
𝐹𝑆 =
𝑃𝑎
≥ 1.5

15
Shear Key
Shear Key can be used to increase
the stability against sliding

16
Deep Fondation

17
Bearing Capacity
(W1 + W2 )  6e 
lm = resultant point
1 e = eccentricity
q max/ min =  1
B  B
M o
lm =
V
e = 0.5B − l m

2
qmax  qallowable
qmin  0
18
Example: Cantilever Wall

=17kN/m3
c‘=0
’=36°
=0.75’
=27 °

Ka=tan2[45°- (36°/2)]
=0.26 19
Example: Cantilever Wall

20
Example: Cantilever Wall
1: FS against overturning moment:
Resisting moment M V
FS = =
Mobilized moment M H
397.3
= = 2.58  1.5
2 (OK!)
153.8

Resultant moment’s arm:

21
Example: Cantilever Wall
2: FS against sliding

FS =
(W + Pa −v ) tan  + ( ca  B )
Pa − h
212.3 tan 27
= = 1.38 < 1.5 (Not OK!)
78.4

22
Example: Cantilever Wall
Eccentricity of base reaction
e = 1.50 − 1.15
= 0.35 m  1 B (OK!)
6
Maximum & minimum pressure
212.3  6  0.35 
qmax/min = 1  
3.0  3.0 
= 120 kN/m 2 & 21 kN/m 2
23
Example: Cantilever Wall
3: Check bearing capacity of shallow foundation &
settlement

24
Homework
• Craig 6.4

25
End of Presentation

26
Terima Kasih
Akhir Presentasi

27