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MUSIC
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 5
MELCs:

• Describes the historical and cultural background of

Afro-Latin American and Popular music.

• Analyzes musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American

and Popular music.

• Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources

suitable to chosen vocal and instrumental selections.
PART I.

A. Introduction
The one word that comes to mind when we think of contemporary Philippine music is the type commonly
termed as Original PinoyMusic orOriginal PhilippineMusic, or OPM for short. It was originally used to refer
only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor,
theManila Sound, in the late 1970s up until the present. In the 1960s to 1970s, NoraAunor, Pilita Corrales,
Eddie Peregrina, Victor Wood, Asin, APO Hiking Society, and others were highly popular OPM singers. In
the 1970s to 1980s, themajor commercial Philippine popmusic artistswere Claire dela Fuente, Didith Reyes,
Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Rey Valera, Freddie Aguilar,
Imelda Papin, Eva Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga, and many others.

B. Discussion

ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM)

The 1980s to 1990s are also regarded as the golden era of Philippine ballads. Among the classics that
emerged were those created by:
Ryan Cayabyab (Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika, Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang)
George Canseco (Kapantay ay Langit, Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig at Langis)
Willie Cruz (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas, Bituing Walang Ningning)
Jose Mari Chan (Beautiful Girl, Please Be Careful With My Heart, Constant Change)
Gary Valenciano (Sana Maulit Muli)
Most of these compositions made use of Western-type melody and harmony, while expressing
uniquely Filipino emotions in movingly poetic lyrics. These came to be known as OPM, and were popularized
by solo artists like Pilita Corales, Nora Aunor, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Leah Navarro,
Sharon Cuneta, Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, ZsaZsa Padilla, Regine Velasquez, and Ogie Alcasid. At
the start, OPM was centered inManila, where Tagalog and English are the dominant languages. However,
other ethno-linguistic groups such as the Visayan, Bikol, Kapampangan, and Ilocano also began to sing and
record their songs in their native dialects. Between the 1980s and 1990s, OPM was led by artists such as
Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, Lea Salonga, Regine Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, Vina Morales, Raymond
Lauchengco, Francis Magalona, Pops Fernandez, José Mari Chan, Dingdong Avanzado, Janno Gibbs, Ogie
Alcasid, Joey Albert, Manilyn Reynes, among many others. In the 1990s, the famous solo artists and bands
included The Eraserheads, Smokey Mountain, Donna Cruz, Jessa Zaragoza, Ariel Rivera, Southborder,
Afterimage, Andrew E., Jaya, Rivermaya, Parokya ni Edgar, among many others. Underground bands
emerged and along with them were their perceptions of idealism and self-expression. More recently, OPM
stars have included Yeng Constantino, Sarah Geronimo, Aisa Seguerra, and international singers Arnel Pineda
(of the international rock group, Journey), Charice Pempengco, and others.

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PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC
Pop music in the Philippines started as an adaptation or translation, if not complete imitation, of
Western hits. It started with Bobby Gonzales’ Hahabol-habol (Hot Pursuit), a local version of the rock and
roll songs of the 1950s, and Rico Puno’s Luneta, a local adaptation of The Way We Were. This immediately
clicked with the youth and eventually gained wide acceptance even among the “burgis” (bourgeois or elite)
crowd. The start of the “Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise to songs using a colloquial language
called Taglish, a combination of Tagalog and English. These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in
highly singable songs with contemporary appeal. Among the proponents of the Manila Sound were the
Hotdog,Cinderella, The Rainmakers, and the Apo Hiking Society. After waning briefly in the 1990’s, this
sound regained popularity in recent years with remakes of the 1970’s originals by contemporary rock bands.
PHILIPPINE JAZZ
Philippine musicians have also been inspired by jazz music. Among them are jazz pianist and
recording artist Boy Katindig, who comes from the well-known clan of musicians that includes jazz piano
legend Romy Katindig and saxophonist Eddie Katindig. The Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila.
Other notable Filipino jazz musicians include Lito Molina, Angel Peña, Emil Mijares, and internationally
known jazz pianist Bobby Enriquez.
PHILIPPINE ALTERNATIVE FOLK MUSIC
The Philippines also saw the rise of alternative folk music which was different from the traditional and
popular form. This new form combined ethnic instrumentation with electronic accompaniment, while
presenting themes or issues of society and the environment. Some of the Filipino composers who championed
this style were Joey Ayala, Grace Nono, and Edru Abraham of Kontragapi (“Kontemporaryong Gamelan
Pilipino”). Among other Filipino composers whose styles ranged from folk to semi-ethnic werewere Freddie
Aguilar, best known for his song Anak; Yoyoy Villame, composer of Magellan; Florante, composer of Ako’y
Isang Pinoy; and Gary Granada, composer of Ka Bayani.
PHILIPPINE ROCK
The year 1973 saw the birth of Philippine or “Pinoy” rock music which successfully merged the rock
beat with Filipino lyrics. This new sound was introduced by the legendary Juan de la Cruz Band (with their
song Ang Himig Natin) which had for its members Joey “Pepe” Smith, Wally Gonzales, and the originator of
Jeproks, Mike Hanopol, who later became a major symbol of Pinoy rock. Other early exponents of Pinoy rock
included the band Maria Cafra; Sampaguita, the female rocker; and folk-rock singer Heber Bartolome and his
Banyuhay band, whose songs expressed strong messages of nationalism. Continuing this legacy of Pinoy rock
today are vocal groups and bands that include River Maya, The Dawn, True Faith, The Eraserheads, Wolfgang,
Bamboo, Parokya ni Edgar, Hale, Sandwich, SugarFree, Sponge Cola,and others.
PINOY RAP
In the Philippines, rap was also made popular by such composers and performers as Francis Magalona
(Mga Kababayan Ko and Watawat) and Andrew E (Humanap Ka ng Pangit). Francis Magalona was born on
October 4, 1964 and died on March 6, 2009. He is also known as FrancisM, “Master Rapper,” and “The Man

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From Manila.” He was a Filipino rapper, songwriter, producer, actor, director, television host, and
photographer. He is often hailed as the “King of Pinoy Rap” and is considered a legend in the Philippine music
community. With the success of his earliest albums, Magalona was the first Filipino rapper to cross over to
the mainstream. He is also credited for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock, becoming a
significant influence on artists in that genre as well. He was later awarded a posthumous Presidential Medal
of Merit “for his musical and artistic brilliance, his deep faith in the Filipino, and his sense of national pride
that continue to inspire us.”
Pop Music Collaborations
Philippine pop artists have also collaborated with classical artists and orchestras in a number of their
recordings and concerts. Some of the concerts of Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, Regine Velazquez, Lea
Salonga, and Sharon Cuneta have featured the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the ABS-CBN Orchestra,
and the Manila Philharmonic Orchestra in performances at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and
the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), both known venues for classical music, as well as at
the Araneta Coliseum and Folk Arts Theater (FAT). Classical musicians have also performed in malls and
other commercial venues to popularize classical music, popular music, and OPM.

C. Readings
From its origin, OPM had been centered in Manila, where Tagalog and English are the dominant
languages. Other ethnolinguistic groups such as Visayan, Bikol and Kapampangan, who are making music in
their native languages, rarely break into the popular Filipino local music scene. But there are unusual cases
which include the Bisrock (Visayan rock music) song "Charing" by 1017, a Davao-based band, and "Porque"
by Maldita, a Zamboanga-based Chavacano band. A lot of compositions of Bisrock are contributed by bands
such as Phylum and Missing Filemon. However, a band called Groupies' Panciteria that hails from Tacloban,
a Winaray-speaking city, launched a free downloadable mp3 album on Soundclick.com in 2009 containing 13
Tagalog songs and only one very short song in the Cebuano language.
Following suit are the Kapampangans. The debut music video of "Oras" ("Time") by Tarlac City-based
Kapampangan band Mernuts penetrated MTV Pilipinas, making it the first ever Kapampangan music video to
join the ranks of other mainstream Filipino music videos. RocKapampangan: The Birth of Philippine
Kapampangan Rock, an album of modern remakes of Kapampangan folk extemporaneous songs by various
Kapampangan bands was also launched in February 2008, and was regularly played via Kapampangan cable
channel Infomax-8 and via one of Central Luzon's biggest FM radio stations, GVFM 99.1. Inspired by what
the locals call "Kapampangan cultural renaissance", Angeles City-born balladeer Ronnie Liang rendered
Kapampangan translations of some of his popular songs such as "Ayli" (Kapampangan version of "Ngiti"),
and "Ika" (Kapampangan version of "Ikaw") for his repackaged album.
Despite the growing clamor for non-Tagalog and non-English music and the greater representation of other
Philippine languages, the local Philippine music industry, which is centered in Manila, is unforthcoming in
venturing investments to other locations. Some of their major reasons include the language barrier, small
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market size, and socio-cultural emphasis away from regionalism in the Philippines. An example would be the
songs of the Ilokano group The Bukros Singers, who swept through Ilocandia in the 1990s and became a
precursor for other Ilokano performers into the 2000s, but rarely broke through other music markets in the
Philippines.
The country's first songwriting competition, Metro Manila Popular Music Festival, was first established in
1977 and launched by the Popular Music Foundation of the Philippines. The event featured many prominent
singers and songwriters during its time. It was held annually for seven years until its discontinuation in 1985.
It was later revived in 1996 as the "Metropop Song Festival", running for another seven years before being
discontinued in 2003 due to the decline of its popularity. Another variation of the festival had been established
called the Himig Handog contest which began in 2000, operated by ABS-CBN Corporation and its subsidiary
music label Star Records. Five competitions have been held so far starting in 2000 to 2003 and was eventually
revived in 2013. Unlike its predecessors, the contest has different themes which reflect the type of song entries
chosen as finalists each year. In 2012, the Philippine Popular Music Festival was launched and is said to be
inspired by the first songwriting competition. Another songwriting competition for OPM music being held
annually is the Bombo Music Festival, being conducted by the radio network Bombo Radyo, first conceived
in 1985. (Wikipedia.com)
D. Examples
Music Artists and Singers of Philippine Pop Music

(Ryan Cayabyab) (George Canseco) (Sarah Geronimo) (Charice) (Lito Molina and the Jazz friends)

(Freddie Aguilar) (Parokya ni Edgar) (Francis M.)

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PART II. Activity Proper

Activity No. 1
Directions: List at least 10 OPM songs and their singer/s or artist/s that you have listened to these past few
days. Write your answers on the space provided below.

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Activity No. 2
Directions: Put a checkmark if the words below have a close relationship. Otherwise, put an x.
___1. OPM – Ryan Cayabyab ___6. Pinoy Rock – Rivermaya
___2. OPM – Sharon Cuneta ___7. Pinoy Rap – Francis M.
___3. Philpop Music – Rico Puno ___8. Philpop Music – Hotdogs
___4. Philjazz – Angel Peña ___9. Alternative Folk – Joey Ayala
___5. Alternative Folk – Freddie Aguilar ___10. Pinoy Rock – Mike Hanopol

Activity No. 3
Directions: Classify the music artists or singers below based on the genre of Popular music they perform.

Lito Molina Salbakuta Andrew E. Slapshock Moira dela Torre

Abra Spongecola Daryl Ong Boy Katindig Bamboo
Ben & Ben Asin Angel Peña Joey Ayala Freddie Aguilar

PINOY POP PHILIPPINE JAZZ PINOY ROCK

PINOY RAP PINOY ALTERNATIVE FOLK MUSIC

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Activity No. 4
Directions: Create a review of the following Philippine Popular music by watching the videos on the link
below. Use the guide questions to properly elaborate the needed information for your review. Use the rubric
below as your guide in this activity.
OPM Link: https://youtu.be/YhsWUsKwrKg
Guide Questions:
1. What Pinoy Pop music styles and song titles were presented in the video?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the notable musical elements and characteristics you had recognized in the video?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Pinoy Rap Link: https://youtu.be/C2mCEd5UFF8

Guide Questions:
1. What Pinoy Pop music styles and song titles were presented in the video?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the notable musical elements and characteristics you had recognized in the video?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Pinoy Rock Link: https://youtu.be/jRznVyCfPCE
1. What Pinoy Pop music styles and song titles were presented in the video?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the notable musical elements and characteristics you had recognized in the video?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Activity No. 4 (Music Review Rubric)

Point-Rate CRITERIA - Content and Organization Score
The content of the music review is complete and very relevant and is well
5 Outstanding
presented in a comprehensive manner.
The content of the music review has one to two missing entries and is
4 Very Good
presented in a comprehensive manner.
The content of the music review has three to four missing entries and is
3 Good
presented in a quite comprehensive manner.
The content of the music review has five to six missing entries and is
2 Fair
presented in a fairly comprehensive manner.
1 Poor The content of the music review needs revision and improvement.

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KEY TO CORRECTIONS:
Activity No. 2

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

Activity No. 3

PINOY POP – Ben&Ben, Daryl Ong, Moira dela Torre

P.JAZZ – Lito Molina, Angel Pena, Boy Katindig
PINOY ROCK – Spongecola, Slapshock, Bamboo
PINOY RAP – Abra, Salbakuta, Andrew E.
P. ALT. FOLK – Asin, Joey Ayala,Freddie Aguilar

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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

A. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each number.

_____1. When in time did the Philippine ballad prosper to its golden era?
A. 1950’s-60’s B. 1960’s-70’s C. 1970’s-80’s D.1980’s-90’s
_____2. What music refers to Filipino pop songs such as ballads and others?
A. Ballad music B. OPM C. Punk music D. Pop music
_____3. Which family pioneered Philippine Jazz music?
A. Cuneta Family B. Katindig Family C. Puno Family D. Valenciano’s
_____4. Which of the following is NOT a recent pop music personlity?
A. Aiza Seguerra B. Eddie Perigrina C. Morisette Amon D. Sarah Geronimo
_____5. What music style gave rise to songs using a colloquial language called “Taglish”?
A. Big Sound B. City Style C. Manila Sound D. Pinoy Music
_____6. Who is the frontline performer of the rock band Sampaguita?
A. Grace Nono B. Maria Cafra C. Mike Hanopol D. Pepe Smith
_____7. Who is regarded as the “Master Rapper”?
A. Abra B. Andrew E. C. Francis M. D. Glock-9
_____8. Which of the following is NOT a venue for Pop Music Collaborations?
A. CCP B. Folk Arts Theater C. PICC D. SM MOA Arena
_____9. Which of the following ethno-linguistic groups did NOT begin to record pop music in their native
language?
A. Bisayan B. Ilokano C. Kapampangan D. T’boli
_____10. Which of the following is not an alternative folk music artist?
A. Edru Abraham B. Grace Nono C. Joey Ayala D. Mike Hanopol

B. Directions: Identify the five (5) genres of Philippine Popular Music. Use the concept map below for
your answers.

Five (5) Genres of

Philippine Pop
Music

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 C. Directions: Create a poster and slogan promoting the beauty and patronage of Philippine Popular
Music. Use the space provided below and see the rubric to be guided accordingly.

POSTER AND SLOGAN RUBRIC (10 points)

CRITERIA
Point-Rate Score
Content and Organization Creativity and Neatness
The presentation of the poster and slogan is vivid The creativity implored in this
5 Outstanding and visually appealing. There is a strong association activity is outstanding and it is
between the poster and the given theme. visually neat and presentable.
The presentation of the poster and slogan is vivid The creativity implored in this
and visually appealing yet some considerations activity is very good and it is
4 Very Good
must be taken. There is a quite association between visually neat and presentable.
the poster and the given theme.
The presentation of the poster and is fairly vivid The creativity implored in this
and visually appealing and some considerations activity is good and it is
3 Good
must be taken. There is a quite association between somewhat visually neat and
the poster and the given theme. presentable.
The presentation of the poster and slogan is poorly The creativity implored in this
vivid and visually appealing and some activity is fair and it is not
2 Fair
considerations must be taken. There is a quite visually neat and presentable.
association between the poster and the given theme.
The poster and slogan needs revision and The photo-essay needs
1 Poor
improvement. improvement.

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ANSWER KEY
Summative Test
10. B 5. B 5. Pinoy Rap
A. B.
9. D 4. C 4. Philippine Rock
8. C 3. B 3. Philippine Alternative Folk Music
7. B 2. D 2. Philippine Jazz
6. D 1. B 1. Philippine Pop Music

References:
Copiaco, H., Lugue, V., Ramirez, V., Darilag, A., Vergara, L., Reyes, G., & Yap, J. (2014). Our World of
MAPEH Grade 10. Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Sunico, R. M., Cabanbanan, E. F., & Moran, M. Y. (2015). HORIZONS Grade 10 Learner's Material:
Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos. Quezon City: Tawid Publications.

https://www.wikipedia.com

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