Solution Manual For Calculus For Business Economics Life Sciences and Social Sciences Brief Version 14th Edition Raymond A Barnett Michael R Ziegler Karl e Byleen Christopher J Stocker I

Solution Manual for Calculus for Business,
Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences, Brief

Version, 14th Edition, Raymond A. Barnett, Michael
R. Ziegler, Karl E. Byleen, Christopher J. Stocker
To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/solution-manual-for-calculus-for-business-economi
cs-life-sciences-and-social-sciences-brief-version-14th-edition-raymond-a-barnett-mic
hael-r-ziegler-karl-e-byleen-christopher-j-stocker-i/
Solution Manual for Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences, Br
5 INTEGRATION
EXERCISE 5-1
6 x 2  5x  1
2.   6 x 9 . 4.  x 1  5 x 2  x 3 .
x9 x3
4 4
6. 3
x 3
 x1/3  1/3  x1/3  4 x 1/3 . 8. x (1  5 x  x 3 )  x1/2  5 x 3/2  x 7/2 .
x x
10. 10dx  10 x  C
d
Check: 10 x  C   10 1  0  10
dx
2
12. 14 xdx  7 x  C
Check:
d
dx
 
7 x 2  C  7  2 x  0  14 x
2 3
14. 15 x dx  5 x  C
Check:
d
dx
 
5 x3  C  5  3x 2  0  15 x 2
8 91
16.  x dx  9 x  C ;
d 1 9  1 8 8
Check:  x  C    9 x  0  x
dx 9 9
4 3 1
18.  x dx   3 x  C
Check:
d  1 3
dx  3
 1
3
4

  x  C    3 x  0  x 
4
1/ 3 4/3
20. 8 x dx  6 x  C
Check:
d
dx
  4 
6 x 4 / 3  C  6  x1/ 3   0  8 x1/ 3
3 
7
22.  z dz  7 ln z  C
d 1  7
Check:
dz
 7 ln z  C   7   0  
 z  z
u u
24.  5e du  5e  C
Check:
d
du
 
5eu  C  5eu  0  5eu
26. F ( x )  (2 x  5)( x  6)  2 x 2  7 x  30, F '( x )  4 x  7  f ( x ); yes.
28. F ( x )  x ln x  x  e, F '( x )  1  ln x  1  ln x  f ( x ); yes.
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-1
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

5-2 CHAPTER 5: INTEGRATION
(3 x  2) 4 4(3x  2)3 (3)

30. F ( x)  , F '( x )   3(3x  2)3  f ( x ); no.
4 4
32. F ( x )  ( e x  10)( e x  10)  e2 x  100, F '( x )  2e 2 x  f ( x ); yes.

34. False, since any antiderivative of f(x) = π is of the form F(x) = πx + C which is identically 0 only when C =
0 and x = 0.
36. True, since any antiderivative of k(x) = 0 is of the form K(x) = C and K(x) = 0 is an antiderivative of k(x) =
0.
38. False, since any antiderivative of g(x) = 5eπ is of the form G(x) = (5eπ)x + C which obviously is not equal
to g(x) = 5eπ.
40. The graphs in this set ARE NOT graphs from a family of antiderivative functions since the graphs are not
vertical translations of each other.
42. The graphs in this set could be graphs from a family of antiderivative functions since they appear to be
vertical translations of each other.
44.  x2(1 + x3)dx =  (x2 + x5)dx =  x2dx +  x5dx

1 3 1
x + = x6 + C [using Indefinite Integral Formula]
3 6
1 1 ' 1 1
Check:  x3  x 6  C  = · 3x2 + · 6x5 + 0 = x2 + x5 = x2(1 + x3)
3 6  3 6
dt dt 1 3
46.  =  =  t-1/3 dt = t(-1/3)+1 + C = t2/3 + C
3
t t1/3 1 2
 1
3
3  ' 3  2  (2/3)-1 1 1
Check:  t 2/3  C  =  t + 0 = t-1/3 = 1/3 = 3
2  2 3 t t
6 dm 6
48.  2
=6  m-2 dm = 6(–m-1) + C = – +C
m m
6
Check: (–6m-1 + C)' = (–6)(–1)m-2 + 0 = 6m-2 =
m2
1  y2 1 y2 1 1 1 1 1 1
50.  dy =  dy – dy =   dy –  y dy = ln|y| – · y2 + C
3y 3y 3y 3 y 3 3 3 2
1 1 2
= ln|y| – y + C
3 6
1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 y 1  y2
Check:  ln y  y 2  C  = · – (2y) + 0 = – =
3 6  3 y 6 3y 3 3y
et  t  et t  et t 1 t2
52.  2
dt =   2  2  dt =
   2
dt –  2
dt = et   C [using Indefinite Integral Formula]
2 4
1 t2 ' 1 2t et t et  t
Check:  et   C  = et – +0=  
2 4  2 4 2 2 2

EXERCISE 5-1 5-3
 3 2   x4   1 2 
54.   4x  3  dx = 4  x3 dx + 2  x-3 dx = 4   + 2  x  + C = x4 – x-2 + C
x 4
   2 
2
Check: (x4 – x-2 + C)' = 4x3 – (–2)x-3 + 0 = 4x3 + 2x-3 = 4x3 + 3
x
56. R'(x) = 500 – 0.4x

x2

R ( x)  (500  0.4 x) dx  500 x  0.4
2
 C  500 x  0.2 x 2  C
Given R(0) = 0: 0 = 500(0) – 0.2(0)2 + C. Hence, C = 0 and R(x) = 500x – 0.2x2.
dR 50
58. = 3
dt t
50 25
R ( x)  t 3 
dt  50t 3 dt  25t 2  C  
t2
C
25 25
Given R(1) = 50: 2
 C  25  C  50, C  75 and R (t )  2  75.
1 t
60. f '( x)  x 1  2 x 2  1; f (1)  5

f ( x)  ( x 1  2 x 2  1) dx  ln x  2 x 1  x  C
Given f(1) = 1: ln 1  2(1) 1  1  C  5, C  2. Hence, f ( x)  ln x  2 x 1  x  2.
dy
62.  3  2et ; y (0)  2
dt

y  (3  2et ) dt  3t  2et  C
Given y(0) = 2: 3(0)  2e0  C  2, C  4. Hence, y  3t  2et  4.
dy
64. = 12x2 – 12x
dx
 x3   x2 
y=  (12x2 – 12x)dx = 12  x2 dx – 12
x dx = 12   – 12   + C = 4x3 – 6x2 + C

 3   2 
Given y(1) = 3: 3 = 4(1)3 – 6(1)2 + C. Hence, C = 5 and y = 4x3 – 6x2 + 5.
x 1  x 4  x 1 x 4 
66.  2
dx =   2  2  dx =  (x-3 – x2)dx =  x-3 dx –  x2 dx
x  x x 
x 2 x3 1 1
= – + C = – x-2 – x3 + C
2 3 2 3

1  3x 4  1 3x 4 
68.  2
dx =   2  2  dx =  (x-2 – 3x2)dx =  x-2 dx – 3  x2 dx
x x x 
x 1  x3 
= – 3   + C = –x-1 – x3 + C
1  3 
1  xe x  1 xe x 
70.  dx =    x  dx =  (x-1 – ex)dx =  x-1 dx –  ex dx = ln|x| – ex + C
x x 
d
 dx (4 x 
2
72.  3x  5) dx  (8 x  3) dx  4 x 2  3 x  C
74.
d
dt 
3 3
(e 2t 7  t ) dt  e 2t 7  t
d
dx  f ( x) dx  f ( x)
d x
76. (e + C) = ex + 0 = ex
dx
d d
78. (ln|x| + C) = (ln(–x) + C) since x < 0
dx dx
1 1
= +0=
x x
80. By the properties of the indefinite integral (#5):  [ f ( x )  g ( x)] dx   f ( x) dx   g ( x) dx.
82. For f  t  = 0.002t + 0.03, we have
f(t) = 0.001t2 + 0.03t + C
In 2016, (66 years after 1950), f(66) = 9.97 quadrillion Btu. Therefore, we have
9.97 = 0.001(66)2 + (0.03)(66) + C = 6.336 + C which implies that C = 3.634.
Thus f(t) = 0.001t2 + 0.03t + 3.634
In 2030, t = 80, and
f(80) = 0.001(80)2 + 0.03(80)+3.634 = 12.434 quadrillion Btu.
84. (A) R'(x) > 0 for 0 < x < 500 and R'(x) < 0 for 500 < x < 1,000. Therefore, the graph of R(x) is rising
from 0 to 500 and falling from 500 to 1,000. R'(x) is decreasing, so R"(x) < 0 and hence the graph of R(x)
is concave downward on (0, 1,000). It has a local maximum at x = 500.
R '( x)  300 3
(B)   ; or R'(x) = 300 – 0.6x
x0 5
(C)  
R ( x)  R '( x)dx  (300  0.6 x) dx  300 x  0.3 x 2  C
Given R(0) = 0: 0 = 300(0) – 0.3(0)2 + C.

EXERCISE 5-1 5-5
Hence, C = 0 and R(x) = 300x – 0.3x2.
86. S'(t) = 500 t1/4

 1  1+(1/4)
S(t) =  S'(t)dt =  500t1/4 dt = 500  t1/4 dt = 500  t +C
 1  1 4 
4
= 500   t5/4 + C = 400t5/4 + C
5
Given S(0) = 0: 0 = 400(0)5/4 + C. Hence, C = 0 and S(t) = 400t5/4.

We need to solve the following equation for t:
20,000 = 400t5/4 or t5/4 = 50 or t = 504/5 ≈ 23 months
88. S'(t) = 500t1/4 + 300
S(t) =  (500t1/4 + 300)dt = 500  t1/4 dt +  300dt = 400t5/4 + 300t + C
Given S(0) = 0: This implies that C = 0 and hence S(t) = 400t5/4 + 300t.
For S(t) = 20,000, we have 20,000 = 400t5/4 + 300t
Using a graphing utility, we obtain t ≈ 17.83 months.
90. L'(x) = 2,000x-1/3
 x ( 1/3) 1 
L(x) =  Lꞌ(x)dx =  2,000x-1/3 dx = 2,000  x-1/3 dx = 2,000   +C
  13  1 
3 
= 2,000  x 2/3  + C = 3,000x2/3 + C
2 
Given L(8) = 12,000: 12,000 = 3,000(8)2/3 + C. Hence, C = 0 and L(x) = 3,000x2/3.

L(27) = 3,000(27)2/3 = 3,000(9) = 27,000 labor hours.
dA
92. = –4t-3, 1 ≤ t ≤ 10
dt
 t 2 
A=  –4t-3 dt = –4  -2
 + C = 2t + C
 2 
Given A(1) = 2: 2 = 2(1)-2 + C. Hence, C = 0 and A = 2t-2.
2
For t = 10, A(10) = 2(10)-2 = = 0.02 square centimeters.
100

15
94. V'(t) = ,1≤t≤5
t
15
V(t) =  dt = 15  t-1 dt = 15 ln t + C
t
Given: V(1) = 15: 15 = 15 ln 1 + C. Hence, C = 15 and V(t) = 15 ln t + 15, 1 ≤ t ≤ 5.
After 4 hours of study,

V(4) = 15 ln 4 + 15 ≈ 36 words.
EXERCISE 5-2
2. f ( x )  (4 x  3)6 ; f '( x )  6(4 x  3)5 (4)  24(4 x  3)5 .
4. f ( x )  ( x 3  4)5 ; f '( x )  5( x 3  4) 4 (3 x 2 )  15 x 2 ( x 3  4) 4 .
3 3 2
6. f ( x )  6e x ; f '( x )  6e x (3x 2 )  18 x 2 e x .
1 2x  5
8. f ( x )  ln ( x 2  5 x  4); f '( x )  2
(2 x  5)  2 .
x  5x  4 x  5x  4
10.  (6x – 1)3(6)dx

Let u = 6x – 1, then du = 6 dx and
u4
 (6x – 1)3(6)dx =  u3 du = + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
4
(6 x  1) 4
= +C
4
d  (6 x  1) 4  1 3 3
Check:   C  = (4)(6x – 1) (6) + 0 = (6x – 1) (6)
dx  4  4
12.  (x6 + 1)4(6x5)dx
Let u = x6 + 1, then du = 6x5dx and

u5
 (x6 + 1)4(6x5)dx =  u4 du = + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
5
( x 6  1)5
= +C
5
d  ( x 6  1)5  1 6 4 5 6 4 5
Check:   C  = (5)(x + 1) (6x ) + 0 = (x + 1) (6x )
dx  5  5

EXERCISE 5-2 5-7
14.  (4x2 – 3)-6(8x)dx
Let u = 4x2 – 3, then du = 8xdx and

u 5
 (4x2 – 3)-6(8x)dx =  u-6 du = – + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
5
(4 x 2  3) 5
=– +C
5
d  (4 x 2  3) 5   1
Check:   C  =    (–5)(4x2 – 3)-6(8x) + 0 = (4x2 – 3)-6(8x)
dx  5   5
3
16.  ex (3x2)dx
Let u = x3, then du = 3x2 dx and

3
 ex (3x2)dx = eu du = eu + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
3
= ex + C
d x3 3 3
Check: (e + C) = ex (3x2) + 0 = ex (3x2)
dx
1
18.  (5)dx =  (5x – 7)-1(5)dx
5x  7
Let u = (5x – 7), then du = 5dx and
 (5x – 7)-1(5)dx = u-1du = ln|u| + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]


= ln|5x – 7| + C
d 5
Check: (ln|5x – 7| + C) = + 0 = (5x – 7)-1(5)
dx 5x  7
20.  (x2 + 9)-1/2(2x)dx
Let u = x2 + 9, then du = 2x dx and
 (x2 + 9)-1/2(2x)dx = u-1/2du = 2u1/2 + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]


= 2(x2 + 9)1/2 + C
d 1
Check: [2(x2 + 9)1/2] = (2)   (x2 + 9)-1/2(2x) + 0 = (x2 + 9)-1/2(2x)
dx 2
22.  (x – 3)-4 dx
Let u = x – 3, then du = dx and

1
 (x – 3)-4 dx = u-4du = u-4+1 + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
4  1
1 1
= – u-3 + C = – (x – 3)-3 + C
3 3
d  1  1
Check:  ( x  3) 3  C  = – (–3)(x – 3)-4(1) = (x – 3)-4
dx  3  3

24.  (5t + 1)3 dt

1
Let u = 5t + 1, then du = 5 dt and dt = du and
5
1 1 1 u4
 (5t + 1)3 dt =  u3
du = u3 du = ·
 + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
5 5 5 4
1
= (5t + 1)4 + C
20
d 1  1
Check: (5t  1) 4  C  = (4)(5t + 1)3(5) = (5t + 1)3
dt  20  20
26.  (t3 + 4)-2 t2 dt

1
Let u = t3 + 4, then du = 3t2dt, t2dt = du and
3
1 1 1
 (t3 + 4)-2t2dt = u-2 du =
 u-2 du = – u-1 + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]

3 3 3
1 3
= – (t + 4)-1 + C
3
d  1 3  1
Check: 1
  3 (t  4)  C  =– (–1)(t3 + 4)-2(3t2) = (t3 + 4)-2(t2) = (t3 + 4)-2t2
dt   3
28.  e-0.01x dx
Let u = –0.01x, then du = –0.01 dx, dx = –100 du and
 e-0.01x dx = eu(–100)du = –100 eu du = –100eu + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]

 
= –100e-0.01x + C
d
Check: [–100e-0.01x + C] = (–100)e-0.01x(–0.01) = e-0.01x
dx
x
30.  1  x2
dx
1
Let u = 1 + x2, then du = 2x dx, x dx = du and
2
x 1 1 1 1 1
 1  x2
dx =
u 2
· du =
2 u 
du =
2
ln|u| + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
1
= ln(1 + x2) + C
2
d 1  1 1 x
Check: ln(1  x 2 )  C  = · (2x) =
dx  2  2 1  x 2
1  x2

EXERCISE 5-2 5-9
3
32.  2t
dt
Let u = 2 – t, then du = –dt, dt = –du and
3 1
 u
(–du) = –3  u
du = –3 ln|u| + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]
= –3 ln|2 – t| + C
d 1 3
Check: [–3 ln|2 – t| + C] = –3· (–1) =
dt 2t 2t
t2
34.  (t 3  2)5
dt
Let u = t3 – 2, then du = 3t2 dt, and
t2 3 1 1 1 1
 dt =  (t3 – 2)-5 t2 dt =  u-5 du =  u-5 du = · u-5+1 + C
3
(t  2) 5
3 3 3 3 5  1
1 -4 1
=– u + C = – (t3 – 2)-4 + C
12 12
d  1 3 4  1 3 -5 2 3 -5 2 t2
Check:   12 (t  2)  C  = – 12 (–4)(t – 2) (3t ) = (t – 2) t = 3
dt   (t  2)5
36.  x x  9 dx =  x(x – 9)1/2 dx
Let u = (x – 9), then du = dx and x = u + 9.

u 5/2 9u 3/2
 x x  9 dx =  (u + 9)u1/2 du =  (u3/2 + 9u1/2)du = + +C
5 3
2 2
2 5/2 2
= u + 6u3/2 + C = (x – 9)5/2 + 6(x – 9)3/2 + C
5 5
d 2  2 5 3/2 3 1/2
Check: ( x  9)5/2  6( x  9)3/2  C  =   (x – 9) (1) + 6   (x – 9) (1)
dx  5  5 2 2
= (x – 9)3/2 + 9(x – 9)1/2 = (x – 9) x  9 + 9 x  9
= x x9 – 9 x9 + 9 x9 = x x9
x
38.  dx =  x(x + 5)-1/2 dx
x5
Let u = x + 5, then du = dx and x = u – 5.
x u 3/2 5u1/2 2
 dx = (u – 5)u-1/2 du =
 (u1/2 – 5u-1/2)du =
 – + C = u3/2 – 10u1/2 + C
x5 3
2
1
2 3
2
= (x + 5)3/2 – 10(x + 5)1/2 + C
3

d 2  2 3 1/2 – 10  1  (x + 5)-1/2

Check:  ( x  5)3/2  10( x  5)1/2  C  =   (x + 5)  
dx  3  3 2 2
= (x + 5) 1/2 – 5(x + 5) -1/2
5 ( x  5)  5 x
= (x + 5)1/2 – = =
( x  5)1/2 ( x  5)1/2 x5
40.  x(x + 6)8 dx

Let u = x + 6, then du = dx and x = u – 6.
u10 6u 9
 x(x + 6)8 dx =  (u – 6)u8 du =  (u9 – 6u8)du = – +C
10 9
1 2
= (x + 6)10 – (x + 6)9 + C
10 3
d 1 2  1 2
Check:  ( x  6)10  ( x  6)9  C  = (10)(x + 6)9(1) – (9)(x + 6)8(1)
dx  10 3  10 3
= (x + 6)9 – 6(x + 6)8
= (x + 6)8[(x + 6) – 6] = (x + 6)8(x) = x(x + 6)8
42. Let u = 1 – e-x, then du = –e-x(–1)dx = e-x dx.
u5 1
 e-x(1 – e-x)4dx =  (1 – e-x)4e-x dx =  u4 du = + C = (1 – e-x)5+ C
5 5
d 1  1
Check:  (1  e x )5  C  = (5)(1 – e-x)4(–e-x)(–1) = (1 – e-x)4e-x = e-x(1 – e-x)4
dx  5  5
44. Let u = x3 – 3x + 7, then du = (3x2 – 3)dx = 3(x2 – 1)dx.

x2  1 3 1 1 1
 3
dx = (x3 – 3x + 7)-1 (x2 – 1)dx =
 u-1 du =   u-1 du = ln|u| + C
x  3x  7 3 3 3 3
1
= ln|x3 – 3x + 7| + C
3
2
d 1 3  1 1 2 – 3) = 1 · 3( x  1) = x2  1
Check: ln x  3 x  7  C = · (3x
dx  3 
 3 x3  3 x  7 3 x3  3 x  7 x3  3 x  7
46. Let u  4  7 x, then du  7 dx.

u2 4  7 x  2
49 2
 7  4  7x  dx =  udu =
2
C =
2
C =
2
x  28 x  8  C
49 2
= x  28 x  C (8 is incorporated into C)
2
49 x 2
 7 4  7x dx =  49 x  28 dx =
2
 28 x  C

EXERCISE 5-2 5-11
48. Let u  x3  1, then du  3x 2 dx.
 
2
u2 x3  1 x6 x6
   1
3 x 2 x3  1 dx =  udu =
2
C =
2
C 
2
 x 3   C =  x3  C
2 2
1 
 is incorporated into C 
2
3 x6 3x3 x6
  
3 x 2 x3  1 dx =  3 x 
5
 3 x 2 dx =  C =  x3  C
6 3 2
50. Let u  x8 , then du  8 x 7 dx.
 
4
u4 x8
 8x  x 
8 3

7 3
dx = u du = C = C
4 4
 
4
8 x32 x8
 8x  x 
8 3

7 31
dx = 8x dx =  C = C
32 4
1 1
52. F ( x)   x 1 , F '( x )   2  f ( x )  ln x; no.
x x
54. F ( x )  ( x 2  1)100 , F '( x )  100( x 2  1)99 (2 x )  200 x ( x 2  1)99  f ( x ); yes.
56. F ( x )  1  0.2e 5 x ; F '( x )  0.2e 5 x ( 5)  e 5 x  f ( x ); yes.
1 d 1 1 1
58. F ( x )  ln (ln x ), F '( x )   (ln x )     f ( x ); yes.
ln x dx ln x x x ln x
60. Let u  x 2  5, then du  2 x dx.

2 1 1 3 1 u4 1 2
 
x( x 2  5)3 dx  ( x 2  5)3
2
x dx 
2 
( x 2  5)3 2 x dx 
2
u du   
 ( x  5) 4  C
2 4 8
d d 1 2  1
Check:  ( x  5) 4  C   (4)( x 2  5)3 (2 x)  x( x 2  5)3
dx dx  8  8
62. Let u  x 3  3, then du  3 x 2 dx.

3 1 1/2 1 u 3/2 2
 
x 2 x 3  3 dx  ( x3  3)1/2 x 2 dx 
3 3
u du  
3 3/ 2 9 
 C  ( x 3  3)3/2  C
d 2 3  2 3
Check:  ( x  3)3/2  C    ( x3  3)1/2 (3x 2 )  x 2 x 3  3
dx  9  9 2
7 3
 x (4 x  7) dx   (4 x
2 3
64.  7 x 2 ) dx  x 4  x C
3
d  4 7 3 
Check: x  x  C   4 x3  7 x 2  x 2 (4 x  7)
dx  3 

66. Let u  3 x 4  1, then du  12 x3 dx.

x3 12 3 1 1 u1/2 1
 3x 4  1
dx   
x3 (3x 4  1) 1/2 dx  (3 x 4  1) 1/2
12
x dx 
12 
 
12 1/ 2
C 
6
3x4  1  C
x2 x2 12 2 1
dx =  dx =  (4x3 – 1)-1/2 x dx =  u-1/2 du
3
4x 1 (4 x  1)1/2
3 12 12
1 1 u1/2 1
=  u-1/2 du = · + C = (4x3 – 1)1/2 + C
12 12 1 6
2
d d 1  1 1 x2
Check:  (4 x3  1)1/2  C    (4 x3  1) 1/212 x 2  .
dx dx  6  6 2 4 x3  1
68. Let u = 2ex  1. Then du = 2ex dx.

ex 1 2 1 1 1 1
 x
2e  1
dx  x
2e  1 
 e x dx 
2 2 u 2 2 
du  ln u  C  ln 2e x  1  C.
d 1 x  1 1 x ex
Check: ln 2e  1  C   (2 e ) 
dx  2  2
 2e x  1 2e x  1
1
70. Let u  ln( x  5), Then du  dx.
x5
ln( x  5) u2 [ln( x  5)]2

 x5
dx  u du  2
C 
2
C
d  [ln( x  5)]2  1 1 ln( x  5)

Check:   C    (2) ln( x  5)   .
dx  2  2 x  5 x5
dm
72. = 10n(n2 – 8)7
dn
Let u = (n2 – 8), then du = 2n dn.
2 1 u8
m=  10n(n2 – 8)7dn = 10  (n2 – 8)7 n dn = 10 u7 du = 5
  u7 du = 5· +C
2 2 8
5 2
= (n – 8)8 + C
8
dy 5x2
74. = 3
dx ( x  7) 4
Let u = x3 – 7, then du = 3x2 dx.
5x2 3 1
y=  3 4
dx =  (x3 – 7)-4(5x2)dx = 5  (x3 – 7)-4 x2 dx = 5  u-4 du
( x  7) 3 3
5 5 u 3 5 5
=  u-4 du = · + C = – u-3 + C = – (x3 – 7)-3 + C
3 3 3 9 9

EXERCISE 5-2 5-13
dm ln(t  5)
76. =
dt t 5
1
Let u = ln(t – 5), then du = dt.
t 5
ln(t  5) 1 u2 1
m=  dt =  ln(t – 5) dt =  u du = + C = [ln(t – 5)]2 + C
t 5 t 5 2 2
300
78. p'(x) =
(3x  25) 2
Let u = 3x + 25, then du = 3 dx.
300 3 1
p(x) =  dx = 300  (3x + 25)-2 dx = 300  (3x + 25)-2 dx = 300  u-2 du
(3x  25) 2 3 3
u 1
= 100  u-2 du = 100· + C = –100u-1 + C
1
100
p(x) = –100(3x + 25)-1 + C = – +C
3 x  25
Given: p(75) = 5.0:

100
5.0 = – +C
3(75)  25
100
5.0 = – + C = –0.4 + C or C = 5.4 and
250
100
p(x) = – + 5.4
3 x  25
100
Now, 5.15 = – + 5.4
3 x  25
100
= 0.25
3 x  25
0.25(3x + 25) = 100
3x + 25 = 400
3x = 375
x = 125
Thus, the supplier is willing to supply 125 bottles when the price is $5.15.
200
80. R'(x) = 40 – 0.02x +
x 1
 200  1
R(x) =   40  0.02 x   dx =
x 1  40 dx –  0.02x dx + 200  x 1
dx
 x2 
= 40x – 0.02   + 200 ln(x + 1) + C (u = x + 1, du = dx)
 2 
= 40x – 0.01x2 + 200 ln(x + 1) + C
Now, R(0) = 0. Thus, C = 0 and R(x) = 40x – 0.01x2 + 200 ln(x + 1).
R(1,000) = 40(1,000) – 0.01(1,000)2 + 200 ln(1,000 + 1) = $31,381.75

82. Sꞌ(t) = 20 – 20e-0.05t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24
 1  -0.05t
(A) S(t) =  (20 – 20e-0.05t)dt =  20 dt – 20  e-0.05t dt = 20t – 20  e +C
 0.05 
= 20t + 400e-0.05t + C
Given: S(0) = 0: 0 = 0 + 400 + C; C = –400
Total sales at time t:

S(t) = 20t + 400e-0.05t – 400, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24
(B) S(12) = 20(12) + 400e-0.05(12) – 400 ≈ 60

Total estimated sales for the first twelve months: $60 million.
(C) On a graphing utility solve
20t + 400e-0.05t – 400 = 100
or
20t + 400e-0.05t = 500
The result is: t ≈ 16.02 months.

120t
84. (A) R(t) = + 3, 0 ≤ t ≤ 20
t2 1
 t 2  1  2t 2  120(1  t 2 )
R'(t) = 120  2  =
 (t  1) 2  (t 2  1) 2
R'(t) = 0 when t = 1.
Sign chart for R'(t):

0 Test Numbers
+ + + - - - t R '(t )
R'(t)
x 0 120 ()
R(t) 0 1 2 2  72
5
()
Increasing Decreasing
Thus, the rate of production is greatest at t = 1.
 120t  t
(B) Q(t) =  R(t)dt =   2  3  dt = 120  dt +  3 dt = 60 ln(t2 + 1) + 3t + C
t 1  2
t 1
Q(0) = 0: 0 = 0 + 0 + C so C = 0 and Q(t) = 60 ln(t2 + 1) + 3t

Q(5) = 60 ln(52 + 1) + 3(5) = 60 ln(26) + 15 ≈ 210.5 thousand barrels
(C) Q(t) = 250 thousands. Now, we need to solve: 250 = 60 ln(t2 + 1) + 3t for t
Using a graphing utility we obtain t ≈ 6.7 years.

EXERCISE 5-3 5-15
86. A'(t) = –0.9e-0.1t, t ≥ 0
 1  -0.1t
A(t) =  –0.9e-0.1t dt = –0.9  e-0.1t dt = –0.9  e + C = 9e-0.1t + C
 0.1 
Given A(0) = 7: 7 = 9e-0.1(0) + C or 7 = 9 + C and C = –2

Thus, A(t) = 9e-0.1t – 2.
Now, A(5) = 9e-0.1(5) – 2 ≈ 3.46 square centimeters.
dR 50
88. = , t≥0
dt t 9
50  (t  9)1/2 
R=  dt = 50  (t + 9)-1/2 dt = 50   + C (u = t + 9, du = dt)
t 9  12 
= 100(t + 9)1/2 + C
Given R(0) = 0: 0 = 100(0 + 9)1/2 + C or C = –300, and R(t) = 100(t + 9)1/2 – 300.
Now, R(16) = 100(16 + 9)1/2 – 300 = 100(25)1/2 – 300 = 100(5) – 300 = 200 feet.
90. N'(t) = 12e-0.06t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 15

 1  -0.06t
N(t) =  12e-0.06t dt = (12)  e + C = –200e-0.06t + C
 0.06 
Given N(0) = 0: 0 = –200e-0.06(0) + C = –200 + C or C = 200 and N(t) = –200e-0.06t + 200

or N(t) = 200(1 – e-0.06t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 15
Now, N(15) = 200(1 – e-0.06(15)) ≈ 119 words per minute.
EXERCISE 5-3
2. The derivative of f ( x )  e 2 x is 2 times f ; y '  2 y.
4. The derivative of f ( x )  25e0.04 x is 0.04 times f ; y '  0.04 y.

2
6. The derivative of f ( x )  e  x is 2 x times f ; y '  2 xy.
8. The derivative of f ( x )  1  e 3 x is 3 minus 3 times f ; y '  3  3 y.

dy
10. = 3x-2
dx
3
y= x-2+1 + C = –3x-1 + C (General solution)
2  1
dy
12. = e0.1x
dx
1 0.1x
y= e + C = 10e0.1x + C (General solution)
0.1
dy
14. = 8x-1
dx
y = 8 ln|x| + C (General solution)

dy
16. = x = x1/2
dx
x3/2 2
y= + C = x3/2 + C
32 3
2 3/2 2
Given y(0) = 0: 0 = (0) + C or C = 0 and the particular solution is: y = x3/2.
3 3
dy
18. = e(x - 3 )
dx
y = e(x - 3 ) + C
Given y(3) = –5: –5 = e(3 - 3 ) + C = 1 + C or C = –6 and the particular solution is: y = e(x - 3 ) – 6.
dy 1
20. =
dx 4(3  x)
1
y = – ln|3 – x| + C
4
1 1
Given y(0) = 1: 1 = – ln|3 – 0| + C or C = 1 + ln 3 and the particular solution is:
4 4
1 1
y = – ln|3 – x| + 1 + ln 3
4 4
22. First order 24. Second order
dy 8( x  1) 8 x  8 2 2
26. y  8 x  8, 8  ; yes. 28. y  5e x /2 , y '  5e x /2 ( x )  xy; yes
dx x 1 x 1
30. y  2e x , y '  2e x , y ''  2e x ;  2e x  4( 2e x )  3( 2e x )  8e x  8e x  0; yes.
32. y  e 3 x , y '  3e 3 x , y ''  9e 3 x ; 9e 3 x  4( 3e 3 x )  3e 3 x  24e 3 x  0; no.
dy dy
34. Figure (A). When x = 0, = – 0 = 0 for any y. When x = –1, = –(–1) = 1 for any y. When x = 1,
dx dx
dy
= –1 for any y. These facts are consistent with the slope-field in Figure (A); they are not consistent
dx
with the slope-field in Figure (B).
dy
36. = –x 38.
dx
dy
 dx
dx =  (–x)dx
1 2
General solution: y = – x +C
2
1
Given y(0) = 3: – (0)2 + C = 3; C = 3
2
1
Particular solution: y = – x 2 + 3
2

EXERCISE 5-3 5-17
dy
40. = –3y
dt
1 dy
 y dt
dt =  –3dt
1
 y
dy =  –3dt
ln |y| = –3t + K [K an arbitrary constant]

|y| = e 3t  K
 e 3t e K = Ce-3t [C = e K ]
If we assume y > 0, we get the general solution: y = Ce-3t

dy
42. = 0.1y, y(0) = –2.5
dx
1 dy
 y dx
dx =  0.1dx
1
 y
dy =  0.1dx
ln |y| = 0.1x + K (K an arbitrary constant)

|y| = e0.1x+K = e e0.1x = Ce0.1x (C = e K )
K
If we assume y < 0, we get general solution: y = –Ce0.1x

Given y(0) = –2.5: –2.5 = –Ce0.1(0) = –C or C = 2.5 and the particular solution is: y = –2.5e0.1x
dx
44. = 4t
dt
4t 2
x= + C = 2t2 + C (General solution)
2
dx
46. = 4x
dt
1 dx
 x dt
dt =  4 dt
1
 x
dx =  4 dt
ln |x| = 4t + K [K an arbitrary constant]
|x| = e4t+K = eKe4t = Ce4t [C = eK]
If we assume x > 0, we get general solution: x = Ce4t.
48. y '  0.0152 y; exponential decay. 50. y '  10,000  y; limited growth.
dy
52. Figure (B). When y = –1, the slope = –1 + 1 = 0 for any x.
dx
dy
When y = 1, the slope = 1 + 1 = 2 for any x; and so on. Both are consistent with the slope-field graph
dx
in Figure (B).
54. y = Ce x – 1
dy d
= [Ce x – 1] = Ce x
dx dx
From the original equation,

Ce x = y + 1
Thus, we have
dy
=y+1
dx
and y = Ce x – 1 is a solution of the differential equation for any number C.
Given y(0) = 0: 0 = Ce0 – 1 = C – 1 or C = 1
Particular solution: y = e x – 1
56. 58.
60. Given y = x 2  C = (x2 + C)1/2.

dy d 2 1 x x
= (x + C)1/2 = (2x)(x2 + C)-1/2 = 2 12
=
dx dx 2 (x  C) y
dy x
So, y = x 2  C is a solution of the differential equation = .
dx y
Now we should determine the constant C so that the solution curve passes through (–6, 7), i.e.
7= (6) 2  C or 49 = 36 + C or C = 13
so the desired particular solution is y = x 2  13 .

C
62. Given y = = Cx-1,
x
dy d d -1 C 1 C 1 y
= (Cx-1) = C (x ) = C(–1)x-2 = – 2 = – · =– ·y=–
dx dx dx x x x x x
C dy y
So, y = is a solution of the differential equation =– .
x dx x
Now we determine the constant C so that the solution curve passes through (2, 5), i.e.
C
5= or C = 10
2
10
so the desired particular solution is y = .
x
2
64. Given y = 6t
= 2(1 + Ce-6t)-1
(1  Ce )
dy d d 12Ce6t
= (2(1 + Ce-6t)-1) = 2 (1 + Ce-6t)-1 = 2(–1)(–6Ce-6t)(1 + Ce-6t)-2 =
dt dt dt (1  Ce6t ) 2
2
 2 
= 3Ce-6t  6t 
= 3Ce-6ty2
 (1  Ce ) 
2
Note that from y = we obtain
(1  Ce6t )

EXERCISE 5-3 5-19
2 2
1 + Ce-6t = or Ce-6t = –1
y y
dy 2 
Thus = 3Ce-6ty2 = 3   1 y2 = 3(2 – y)y.
dt y 
To find the desired particular solution, we have to find the constant C from the following equation:
2 2
1= 6(0)
=
(1  Ce ) 1  C
2
or 1 + C = 2 or C = 1 and y = .
(1  e6t )
66. y = 5,250e0.12t 68. p = 1,000e-0.08x

0 ≤ t ≤ 10, 0 ≤ y ≤ 20,000 0 ≤ x ≤ 40, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1,000
70. N = 1,000(1 – e-0.07t) 72. N=

400
0 ≤ t ≤ 70, 0 ≤ N ≤ 1,000 1  99e0.4t
0 ≤ t ≤ 30, 0 ≤ N ≤ 400
M M
74. y=  kMt
= . Thus,
1  ce 2
1
1 + ce-kMt = 2 or ce-kMt = 1 or e-kMt = = c-1. Take natural log from both sides.
c
ln c
–kMt = –ln c or t = .
kM
76. r = continuous compound growth rate is not constant, as can be seen from Problem 75.
dA
78. = 0.01A, A(0) = 5,250
dt
This is an unlimited growth model. Thus, A(t) = 5,250e0.01t.
dA
80. = rA, A(0) = 5,000
dt
This is an unlimited growth model. Thus, A(t) = 5,000ert
Since A(5) = 5,582.70, we solve 5,000e5r = 5,282.70 for r.
5, 282.70
e5r =
5, 000

 5, 282.70 
5r = ln 
 5, 000 
1  5, 282.70 
r= ln ≈ 0.011
5  5, 000 
Thus, A(t) = 5,000e0.011t.
dp
82. (A) = rp, p(0) = 20
dx
This is an unlimited growth model. Thus,
p(x) = 20erx
Since p(40) = 23.47, we have
23.47 = 20e40r
e40r = 1.174
40r = ln(1.174)
1
r= ln(1.174) ≈ 0.004
40
Therefore, p(x) = 20e0.004x.
(C)
(B) p(100) = 20e0.004(100) = 20e0.4 ≈ $29.84 per unit
dN
84. = k(L – N), N(0) = 0
dt
dN
(A) = k(L – N); N(0) = 0
dt
This is a limited growth model. Thus,
N(t) = L(1 – e-kt)
Since N(8) = 0.33L, we have
0.33L = L(1 – e-8k)
1 – e-8k = 0.33
e-8k = 0.67
–8k = ln(0.67)
1
k = – ln(0.67) ≈ 0.05
8
Therefore, N(t) = L(1 – e-0.05t)
(B) Solve L(1 – e-0.05t) = 0.66L: (D)

1 – e-0.05t = 0.66
e-0.05t = 0.34
–0.05t = ln(0.34)
ln(0.34)
t =– ≈ 22 days
0.05

EXERCISE 5-3 5-21
dP
86. = –aP, P(0) = P0
dt
This is an exponential decay model. Thus,
P(t) = P0e-at
10, 000
88. (A) N(7) = ≈ 16 people
1  9,999e0.4
1, 000
N(14) = ≈ 263 people
1  999e0.4(20)
10, 000 10, 000
(B) Solve = for t. Thus,
2 1  9,999e0.4t
1 + 9,999e-0.4t = 2
9,999e-0.4t = 1
1
e-0.4t =
9,999
 1 
–0.4t = ln 
 9,999 
1  1  ln(9,999)
t=– ln   = ≈ 23 days
0.4  9,999  0.4
10, 000
(C) lim N(t) = lim
t t 1  999e0.4t
10, 000
= = 10,000
1
dy
90. Using the exponential decay model, we have = –ky, y(0) = 100, k > 0 where y = y(t) is the amount of
dt
DDT present at time t. Therefore, y(t) = 100e-kt
Since y(5) = 70, we solve: 70= 100e-5k for k to find the continuous compound decay rate:
70 = 100e-5k
e-5k = 0.70
–5k = ln(0.70)
1
k = – ln(0.70) ≈ 0.071335
5
92. N(t) = 100(1 – e-0.02t)
N'(t) = 100(–e-0.02t)(–0.02) = 2e-0.02t
N'(10) = 2e-0.02(10) = 2e-0.2 ≈ 1.64 words per minute/hour of practice
N'(40) = 2e-0.02(40) = 2e-0.8 ≈ 0.9 words per minute/hour of practice

dS k
94. =
dR R
1
S=k  R
dR = k ln R + C
Given: S(R0) = 0: 0 = k ln R0 + C or C = –k ln R0.
R
Thus, S = k ln R – k ln R0 = k(ln R – ln R0) = k ln
R0
96. Initially, the graph of x is concave up which implies that x’ is increasing. There is a point of inflection at
the point where x(t )  200 . The graph then becomes concave down which implies that x’ is decreasing.
EXERCISE 5-4
2. The area of each rectangle is 10  3  30 sq. cm.; area of 6 such rectangles 6  30  180 sq. cm.
4. 5[3(2  4  6  8  10)]  5[3(30)]  5(90)  450 sq.ft.
6. The square has side length 2 and area 4. The circle has area  12   . Yes. The area inside the square
and outside the circle is 4    0.86  1.
8. A and D.
10. None of the rectangles are both left and right rectangles.
12. G and H
14. F and J are neither left nor right rectangles.
16.
18. For Figure (C):

L3 = u(1)·1 + u(2)·1 + u(3)·1 = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7
R3 = u(2)·1 + u(3)·1 + u(4)·1 = 2 + 4 + 8 = 14

For Figure (D):
L3 = v(1)·1 + v(2)·1 + v(3)·1 = 8 + 7 + 5 = 20
R3 = v(2)·1 + v(3)·1 + v(4)·1 = 7 + 5 + 1 = 13
4 4
20. L3 ≤ 
1
u ( x)dx ≤ R3, R3 ≤
1 
v( x)dx ≤ L3; since u(x) is increasing on [1, 4], L3 underestimates the area
and R3 overestimates the area; since v(x) is decreasing on [1, 4], L3 overestimates the area and R3
underestimates the area.

EXERCISE 5-4 5-23
22. For Figure (C):

Error bound for L3 and R3:
 4 1
Error ≤ |u(4) – u(1)|  = |8 – 1| = 7
 3 
For Figure (D):
 4 1
Error ≤ |v(4) – v(1)|  = |1 – 8| = 7
 3 
24. f(x) = 25 – 3x2; ∆x = 3;

0 3 6 9 12
x  2 xi x0 x1 x2 x3 x4
Given ci = i 1
3
0  2(3) 3  2(6) 6  2(9) 9  2(12)
c1 = = 2, c2 = = 5, c3 = = 8, c4 = = 11
3 3 3 3
S4 = ∆x {f(c1) + f(c2) + f(c3) + f(c4)} = 3{13 – 50 – 167 – 338} = –1,626
26. f(x) = 25 – 3x2; ∆x = 2;

-5 -3 -1 1 3 5
x x x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
Given ci = i 1 i
2
c1 = –4, c2 = –2, c3 = 0, c4 = 2, c5 = 4
S5 = ∆x {f(c1) + f(c2) + f(c3) + f(c4) + f(c5)} = 2{–23 + 13 + 25 + 13 – 23} = 10
28. f(x) = x2 – 5x – 6; ∆x = 1.
Given: c1 = 0.2, c2 = 1.5, c3 = 2.8
S3 = ∆x{f(c1) + f(c2) + f(c3)} = 1 · {–6.96 – 11.25 – 12.16} = –30.37
30. f(x) = x2 – 5x – 6; ∆x = 1.
Given: c1 = 2, c2 = 2, c3 = 4, c4 = 4, c5 = 6, c6 = 6
S6 = ∆x{f(c1) + f(c2) + f(c3) + f(c4) + f(c5) + f(c6)}
= 1 · {–12 – 12 – 10 – 10 + 0 + 0} = –44
c
32. 0
f(x)dx = Area C =10.667
d
34. b
f(x)dx = –(Area B) + (Area C) – (Area D) = –4.951 + 10.667 – 3.584 = 2.132
d
36. 0
f(x)dx = (Area C) – (Area D) = 10.667 – 3.584 = 7.083
a d
38. d
f(x)dx = – 
a
f(x)dx = –{(Area A) – (Area B) + (Area C) – (Area D)}
= –{2.817 – 4.951 + 10.667 – 3.584} = –-4.949

a c
40. c
f(x)dx = – 
a
f(x)dx = –{(Area A) – (Area B) + (Area C)}= –{2.817 – 4.951 + 10.667} = – 8.553
b c
42. c
f(x)dx = – 
b
f(x)dx = –{–(Area B) + (Area C)} = –{–4.951 + 10.667} = –5.716
4 4
44.  3x2dx = 3  x2dx = 3(21) = 63
1 1
4 4 4 4 4
46.  (7x – 2x2)dx =  7xdx –  2x2dx = 7  xdx – 2  x2dx = 7(7.5) – 2(21) = 52.5 – 42 = 10.5
1 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4
48.  (4x2 – 9x)dx =  4x2dx –  9xdx = 4  x2dx – 9  xdx = 4(21) – 9(7.5) = 16.5
1 1 1 1 1
5 4 5 4 5  61 
50.  –4x2dx =  –4x2dx +  –4x2dx = –4  x2dx – 4  x2dx = –4(21) – 4  
1 1 4 1 4 3
244 496
= –84 – 
3 3
5
52.  (10 – 7x + x2)dx = 0
5
1 4 4 4 4 4 4
54.  x(1 – x)dx = –  x(1 – x)dx = –  (x – x2)dx = –  xdx –  –x2dx = –  xdx +  x2dx
4 1 1 1 1 1 1
= –7.5 + 21 = 13.5
56. True. The left and right sums will be zero for any n and obviously their limits as n   are zero, which
is the value of the integral.
1 3 19
58. True. Take x0 = 0, x1 = 1, x2 = 2, …, x10 = 10 and c1 = , c = , …, c10 = , i.e. c1, c2, … c10 are
2 2 2 2
the midpoints of the intervals (0, 1), (1, 2), …, (9, 10) and of course ∆x = 1. Then
 1 3  19  
S10 = ∆x(f(c1) + f(c2) + … + f(c10)) = 1  2    2     2    = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … + 19 = 100
 2 2  2 
The exact area under the graph of f from x = 0 to x = 10 is the area of the right triangle with
(10)(20)
perpendicular sides of lengths 10 and 20 whose total area is = 100.
2
60. False. Let f(x) = –2x on [–10, 0]. The exact area under the graph of f from x = –10 to x = 0 is 100 (see
problem 58 above). For n = 10,
∆x = –1, we have:
L10 = ∆x[f(–10) + f(–9) + … + f(–1)] = (–1)[–20 – 18 – 16 – … – 2] = 2(1 + 2 + … + 10) = 110
R10 = ∆x[f(–9) + f(–8) + … + f(–1) + f(0)] = (–1)[–18 – 16 – … – 2] = 2(1 + 2 + … + 9) = 90
62. h(x) is an increasing function; ∆x = 100

R10 = h(100)100 + h(200)100 + h(300)100 + h(400)100 + h(500)100 + h(600)100 + h(700)100
+ h(800)100 + h(900)100 + h(1000)100 = 336,100 ft2.

EXERCISE 5-4 5-25
Error bound for R10:

 1000  0 
Error ≤ |h(1000) – h(0)|  = |500 – 0|(100) = 50,000
 10 
To choose n so that Error ≤ 1000, we have
 1000 
(500)  ≤ 1000 or n ≥ 500.
 n 
64. f(x) = 0.25x2 – 4 on [1, 6]

L5 = f(1)∆x + f(2)∆x + f(3)∆x + f(4)∆x + f(5)∆x, where ∆x = 1.
Thus,
L5 = [–3.75 – 3 – 1.75 + 0 + 2.25](1) = –6.25
R5 = f(2)∆x + f(3)∆x + f(4)∆x + f(5)∆x + f(6)∆x, where ∆x = 1.
Thus,
R5 = [–3 – 1.75 + 0 + 2.25 + 5](1) = 2.5

 6 1
Error ≤ |f(6) – f(1)|  = |5 – (–3.75)| = 8.75
 5 
Geometrically, the definite integral over the interval [1, 6] is the sum of the areas between the curve and
the x-axis from x = 1 to x = 6, with the areas below the x-axis counted negatively and those above the x-
axis counted positively.
1
66. f ( x)  ln( x  3) on [0,10] , f '( x)   0; f is increasing on [0, 10].
x3
R4  f (2.5)(2.5)  f (5)(2.5)  f (7.5)(2.5)  f (10)(2.5)
 ln(5.5)(2.5)  ln(8)(2.5)  ln(10.5)(2.5)  ln(13)(2.5)  21.751
2 2
68. f ( x)  1  e x , f '( x)  2 xe x  0 on [0, 2]. f is decreasing on [0, 2].
L4  f (0)(0.5)  f (0.5)(0.5)  f (1)(0.5)  f (1.5)(0.5)  5.245
10
70.  ln(x2 + 1)dx; f(x) = ln(x2 + 1)
0
 10  0 
| I – Ln| ≤ | f(10) – f(0)|  ≤ 0.5
 n 
10
|ln(101) – ln 1| ≤ 0.5
n
10 ln(101)
n≥ ≈ 93
0.5

4
72.  xx dx; f(x) = xx
1
 4 1
| I – Rn| = | f(4) – f(1)|  ≤ 0.5
 n 
3
|44 – 11 |   ≤ 0.5
n
3(255)
n≥ ≈ 1,530
0.5
74. L4 = [N(20) + N(40) + N(60) + N(80)]∆t = [51 + 68 + 76 + 81](20) = 5,520 units
R4 = [N(40) + N(60) + N(80) + N(100)]∆t = [68 + 76 + 81 + 84](20) = 6,180 units

100
Thus, 5,520 ≤ 
20
N(t)dt ≤ 6,180.
Error bound for L5 and R5: Error ≤ |84 – 51|(20) = 660
76. L5 = [A'(5) + A'(6) + A'(7) + A'(8) + A'(9)]∆t, ∆t = 1

= [0.55 + 0.49 + 0.45 + 0.40 + 0.36] = 2.25
R5 = [A'(6) + A'(7) + A'(8) + A'(9) + A'(10)]∆t, ∆t = 1
= [0.49 + 0.45 + 0.40 + 0.36 + 0.33] = 2.03
Error bound for L5 and R5: Error ≤ |0.55 – 0.33|(1) = 0.22
78. [0, 6], ∆x = 2

L3 = [N'(0) + N'(2) + N'(4)]∆x = [29 + 26 + 23](2) = 156
R3 = [N'(2) + N'(4) + N'(6)]∆x = [26 + 23 + 21](2) = 140
6
R3 = 140 ≤ 0
N'(x)dx ≤ 156 = L3
EXERCISES 5-5
2. f ( x )  50 on [8,12]. The region bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis is a rectangle of length 50
and width 4; area: A = 200.
4. f ( x )   x  2 on [ 3, 1]. The region bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis is a trapezoid with
1
bases of length 5 and 3, and height 2; area: A  (5  3)(2)  8.
2
6. f ( x )  10 x on [ 100,50]. The region bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis consists of two right
triangles: T1 with vertices (0,0), ( 100,1000), ( 100,0) and T2 with vertices
1 1
(0,0), (50,0), (50, 500). Area T1 : (100)(1,000)  50,000 ; area T2 : (50)(500)  12,500.
2 2
Total area: A = 62,500.

EXERCISES 5-5 5-27
8. f ( x )   25  x 2 on [ 5,5]. The region bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis is a semi-circle of
1
radius 5; area A   (52 )  12.5  39.27.
2
10. F (x) = 9x + 120

(A) F(15) – F(10) = 255 – 210 = 45
(B) Fꞌ(x) = 9
Area = 9 × 5 = 45
12. F(x) = x2 + 30x + 210

(A) F(15) – F(10) = 225 + 450 – 100 – 300 = 275
(B) Fꞌ(x) = 2x + 30
5
Area = (60 + 50) = 275
2
4 4 3
  5 dx  5x
3
14. 2 x dx  x 2  (4) 2  (0) 2  16 16. 0
 5(3)  5(0)  15
0 0 0
6
6 x3  63 33 

2
18. x dx       72  9  63
3 3 3 3
3
3
3 1 3 1 1 2
 
2
20. dx  x dx    1 
1 x2 1 x 1 3 3
31 3

3
22. dx  ln x  ln 3  ln 2  ln    0.4055
2 x 2 2
2 2
24. 0
3e x dx  3e x
0
 3e2  3e0  3e2  3  19.167
2 x  1 dx   x 2  x 
5 5
26. 1 1
 (5) 2  5  12  1  20
1 5
28.  2 x  1 dx   
5 1
2 x  1 dx  20
 5 x      
4 4
  4  12(4)  (1)5  12(1)  (1024  48)  (1  12)  965
4 5
30.  12 dx  x5  12 x
1 1
 5 x 
4 9 a
 f  x  dx  0 for every a.
4
32.  12 dx  0 Note:
4 a

2 2
34.  (5 – 16x-3)dx = (5x + 8x-2) = (5(2) + 8(2)-2) – (5(1) + 8(1)-2) = 12 – 13 = –1
1 1
25 2 25 25
36.  dx =  2x-1/2 dx = 4x1/2 = 4(25)1/2 – 4(4)1/2 = 20 – 8 = 12
4 x 4 4
1
38.  32(x2 + 1)7x dx
0
Let u = x2 + 1, then du = 2x dx.

2
 32(x2 + 1)7x dx = 32 (x2 + 1)7 x dx = 16 u7 du = 2u8 + C = 2(x2 + 1)8 + C
 
2
Thus,
1 1
 32(x2 + 1)7x dx = 2(x2 + 1)8 = 2(12 + 1)8 – 2(02 + 1)8 = 29 – 2 = 512 – 2 = 510
0 0
8 1
40. 2 x 1
dx
Let u = x + 1, then du = dx.

1 1
 x 1
dx =
u 
du = ln|u| + C = ln|x + 1| + C
Thus,
8 1 8 9
2 x 1
dx = ln|x + 1|
2
= ln 9 – ln 3 = ln
3
= ln 3 ≈ 1.099
25
42.  e-0.01x dx
10
Let u = –0.01x, then du = –0.01dx.

0.01
 e-0.01x dx = e-0.01  dx = –100  eu du = –100eu + C = –100e-0.01x + C
0.01
25 25
 e-0.01x dx = –100e-0.01x = –100e-0.25 + 100e0.1 = 100(e0.1 – e-0.25) ≈ 32.637

10 10
e2 (ln t )2
44. e t
dt
1
Let u = ln t, then du = dt. Thus,
t
(ln t ) 2 1 1
 dt =  u2 du = u3 + C = (ln t)3 + C
t 3 3
e2 e2
(ln t ) 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 7
 dt = (ln t)3 = (ln e2)3 – (ln e)3 = (2 ln e)3 – (ln e)3= – = ≈ 2.333
e t 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
e

EXERCISES 5-5 5-29
1 2
46.  xex dx
0
Let u = x2, then du = 2x dx.

2 2 2 1 1 1 2
 xex dx = ex x dx =  eu du = eu + C = ex + C
2 2 2 2
1
1 2 1 2 1 1 1
 xex dx = ex = e – e0 = (e – 1) ≈ 0.859
0 2 0
2 2 2
1 a
  f  x  dx  0
2
48. e x dx  0 Note:
1 a
50. g(x) = 2x + 7 on [0, 5]
1 5
(A) Ave g(x) =
50  0
(2x + 7)dx (B)
5
1 2 1
(x + 7x) = (52 + 7(5))
=
5 0
5
1
= (25 + 35) = 12
5
52. g(t) = 4t – 3t 2 on [–2, 2]

1 2
(A) Ave g(t) =  (4t – 3t2 )dt (B)
2  (2) 2
2
1 2 3 1 1
= (2t – t ) = (8 – 8) – (8 + 8)
4 2
4 4
= 0 – 4 = –4
54. g(x) = x  1 on [3, 8]

1 8
(A) Ave g(x) =
83 
3
x  1 dx (B)
8
1 8 2
=  (x + 1)1 / 2 dx = (x + 1)3 / 2
5 3 15 3
2
= [(9)3 / 2 – (4)3 / 2 ]
15
2 38
= [27 – 8] = ≈ 2.53
15 15

56. f(x) = 64e0.08x on [0, 10]
1 10
(A) Ave f(x) =  64e0.08x dx (B)
10  0 0
10
64  1 0.08 x 
=  e 
10  0.08 0
= 80(e0.8 – 1) ≈ 98.04
1 1
58.  x 3 x 2  2 dx =  x(3x2 + 2)1 / 2 dx
0 0
Let u = 3x2 + 2, then du = 6x dx.

6 1 1 u 3/2
 x(3x2 + 2)1 / 2 dx =  (3x2 + 2)1 / 2 x dx =  u1 / 2 du = · +C
6 6 6 32
u 3/2 (3x 2  2)3/2
= +C= +C
9 9
 (3 x 2  2)3/2  1
1 (3  2)3/2 (2)3/2 (53/2  23/2 ) 1
 x 3 x 2  2 dx =   = – = = (53 / 2 – 23 / 2 )
0  9  0
9 9 9 9
2 x 1 2
60.  2
(2x2 + 4x + 4)-1(x + 1)dx
dx = 
1 2x  4x  4 1
Let u = 2x2 + 4x + 4, then du = (4x + 4)dx = 4(x + 1)dx.
4 1 -1 1
 (2x2 + 4x + 4)-1(x + 1)dx =  (2x2 + 4x + 4)-1 (x + 1)dx =  u du = ln|u| + C
4 4 4
1
= ln|2x2 + 4x + 4| + C
4
2
2 x 1 1  1 1 1  20  1
1 2
2x  4x  4
dx =  ln 2 x 2  4 x  4 
 4 
1
=
4
ln(20) – ln(10) = ln   = ln 2
4 4  10  4
7 ln(t  5)
62. 6 t 5
dt
1
Let u = ln(t – 5), then du = dt.
t 5
ln(t  5) u2 (ln(t  5)) 2
 t 5
dt =  u du =
2
+C=
2
+C
 (ln(t  5)) 2  7
7 ln(t  5) (ln 2) 2 (ln1) 2 (ln 2) 2 1
 dt =   = – = = (ln 2)2
6 t 5  2  6
2 2 2 2

EXERCISES 5-5 5-31
1 2 3
64.  ex dx ≈ 2.925 66.  9  x 2 dx ≈ 7.069
1 0
n
68. F(x )  F (x
k 1
k k 1 ) [ F ( x1 )  F ( x0 )]  [ F ( x2 )  F ( x1 )]    [F(x n )  F ( xn 1 )]  F (b)  F ( a ).
x
70. C'(x) = 500 – on [0, 600]
3
The increase in cost from a production level of 0 bikes per month to a production level of 600 bikes per
month is given by:
600
600  x  1  1
 500   dx =  500 x  x 2  = 500(600) – (600)2 = 300,000 – 60,000
0  3  6  6
0
= $240,000
72. Total maintenance costs from the end of the second year to the end of the seventh year:
7 7
M(7) – M(2) =  (90x2 + 5,000)dx = (30x3 + 5,000x) = (30(7)3 + 5,000(7)) – (30(2)3 + 5,000(2))
2
2
= 45,290 – 10,240 = $35,050
74. (A)
(B) Let q(t) be the quadratic regression model found in part (A). The number of
units assembled by a new employee during the second 60 days on the job is given
(approximately) by
120

60
q(t)dt ≈ 4,893
76. To obtain the useful life, set C'(t) = R'(t) and solve for t.
3 = 15e-0.1t
e0.1t = 5
0.1t = ln 5
t = 10 ln 5 ≈ 16 years

The total profit accumulated during the useful life is:

16
16 16  15 0.1t 
P(16) – P(0) =  [R'(t) – C'(t)]dt =  (15e-0.1t – 3)dt =   e  3t 
0 0  0.1 
0
= –150e-1.6 – 48 + 150 = 102 – 150e-1.6 ≈ 71.716 or $71,716
78. C(x) = 20,000 + 10x
(A) Average cost per unit:

C ( x) 20, 000
C (x) = = + 10
x x
20, 000
C (1,000) = + 10 = $30
1, 000
1 1,000
(B) Ave C(x) =
1, 000  0
(20,000 + 10x)dx
1, 000
1
= (20,000x + 5x2) = $25,000
1, 000 0
(C) C (1,000) is the average cost per unit at a production level of 1,000 units; Ave C(x) is the average
value of the total cost as production increases from 0 units to 1,000 units.
80. The amount of money spent in the first week.
82. Average price:

600
1 600 1, 000 1 3
Ave D(x) =
600  400  400 x
dx =
200
(1,000 ln|x|)
400
= 5(ln 600 – ln 400) = 5 ln   ≈ $2.03
2
84. g(x) = 2,000x-1/3 and L'(x) = g(x).

The number of labor hours to assemble the 9th through the 27th control units is:
27 27  x 2/3  27 27
L(27) – L(8) =  g(x)dx =  2,000x-1/3dx = 2,000   = 3,000(x2/3)
8 8  23  8 8
= 3,000(9 - 4) = 15,000 labor hours
86. The inventory function is obtained by finding the equation of the line joining (0, 1,200) and (4, 0).
0  1, 200
Slope: m = = –300, y intercept: b = 1,200. Thus, the equation of the line is: I = –300t + 1,200
40
The average of I over [0, 4] is given by:

4
1 4 1 4 1
Avg I(t) =  I(t)dt =  (–300t + 1,200)dt = (–150t2 + 1,200t)
40 0 4 0 4 0
1
= (–150(4)2 + 1,200(4)) = 600 units
4

EXERCISES 5-5 5-33
120t
88. Rate of production: R(t) = + 3, 0 ≤ t ≤ 20
t2 1
Total production from year N to year M is given by:
M M  120t 
P=  N
R(t)dt =  N
 3 dt
 t 2  1 
M t M
= 120  N 2
t 1
dt +  N
3 dt
M M
= 60(ln(t2 + 1)) + (3t)
N N
= 60(ln(M2 + 1) – ln(N2 + 1)) + 3(M – N)

 M 2 1
= 60 ln  2  + 3(M – N)
 N 1 
Thus, for total production during the first 5 years, let M = 5 and N = 0.
 26 
P = 60 ln   + 3(5 – 0) = 60 ln(26) + 15 ≈ 210 thousand barrels
 1 
For the total production from the end of the 5th year to the end of the 10th year, let M = 10 and N = 5.
 101   101 
P = 60 ln  + 3(10 – 5) = 60 ln  + 15 ≈ 96 thousand barrels
 26   26 
90. A'(t) = –0.9e-0.1t
The change during the first five days is given by:
5  e0.1t  5 5
A(5) – A(0) =  –0.9e-0.1t dt = –0.9   = 9(e-0.1t) = 9(e-0.5 – 1) ≈ –3.54 square centimeters
0  0.1  0 0
The change during the second five days, i.e., from the 5th day to the 10th day, is given by:
10 10
A(10) – A(5) =  –0.9e-0.1t dt = 9(e-0.1t) = 9(e-1 – e-0.5) ≈ –2.15 square centimeters
5
5
0.14t
92. C(t) =
t2 1
Average concentration during the first hour after injection is given by:
1
1 1 0.14t
 dt = 0.07(ln(t2 + 1)) = 0.07 ln 2 ≈ 0.0485
1 0 0 t2 1 0
Average concentration during the first two hours after the injection is given by:
2
1 2 0.14t 0.07 0.07
 dt = ln(t2 + 1) = ln 5 = 0.035 ln 5 ≈ 0.056
20 0 t2 1 2 0
2

94. The average number of children in the city over the six year time period is given by:
6
1 6 1 6  1 2  1  1 3 t2 
60 0
N(t)dt =
6 
0
  t  t  4  dt =
4   t   4t 
6  12 2  0
1  1 (6)  6 2
6 2
=   (6)3   4(6)  = – + + 4 = –3 + 3 + 4 = 4 million
6  12 2  12 2
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW
x2
1.  
(6 x  3) dx  6 x dx  3 dx = 6·  + 3x + C = 3x2 + 3x + C (5-1)
2
20
20 
2. 10
5dx  5 x  = 5(20) – 5(10) = 50
10
(5-5)
9
9 9 9 t3
  
9
3. (4  t 2 )dt = 4dt – t 2 dt = 4t 0
– = 36 – 243 = –207 (5-5)
0 0 0 3
0
 2  1 1 3 1 u4
 (1  t )   
2 3
4. t dt  (1  t 2 )3   t dt   (1  t 2 )3 ( 2t ) dt   u du = – · +C
 2  2 2 2 4
1
= – (1 – t2)4 + C (5-2)
8
1  u4 1  1 1 4
 
du    u 3  du   u du   u
3
5. du = ln|u| + u +C (5-1)
u  u  4
1 2
6. 0
xe2 x dx
Let u = –2x2 . Then du = –4x dx.
 4  1 u 1 1 2
 xe
2 x 2
dx  e
2 x 2
  x dx   e du = – eu + C = – e–2x + C

4 4 4 4
1 2 1 2 x 2 1 1 –2 1
0
xe2 x dx = –
4
e
0
=–
4
e +
4
≈ 0.216 (5-5)
2
7. F ( x )  ln x 2  2ln x, F '( x )   ln 2 x; no. (5-1)
x
2
8. F ( x )  ln x 2  2ln x, F '( x )   f ( x ); yes. (5-1)
x
 1  2 ln x
F ( x )   ln x  , F '( x )  2(ln x )   
2
9.  2ln x  f ( x ); no. (5-1)
x x
 1  2ln x
F ( x )   ln x  , F '( x )  2(ln x )   
2
10.  f ( x ); yes. (5-1)
x x

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW 5-35
11. y  3x  17, y '  3;
( x  5) y '  ( x  5)(3)  3x  15  3x  17  2  y  2; yes. (5-3)
12. y  4 x 3  7 x 2  5 x  2, y '  12 x 2  14 x  5, y ''  24 x  14, y '''  24;
( x  2)(24)  24 x  24 x  48  24 x  48; yes. (5-3)
d   x2   x2
13.
dx  
e dx  e

(5-1)
d
14.  dx ( 4  5 x ) dx = 4  5x + C (5-1)
dy
15. = 3x2 – 2
dx
y = f(x) =  3x
2
 2) dx = f(x) = x 3 – 2x + C
f(0) = C = 4; f(x) = x 3 – 2x + 4 (5-3)
1 4 1
16. (A)  (8x
3
 
 4 x  1) dx  8 x 3 dx  4 x dx  dx = 8 ·  x – 4 x2 – x + C
4 2
4 2
= 2x – 2x – x + C
 e  4t  dt = 
1
(B) t 1
et dt – 4  dt = e t – 4 ln|t| + C (5-1)
t
5 1
17. f(x) = x 2 + 1, a = 1, b = 5, n = 2, ∆x = = 2;
2
R 2 = f(3)2 + f(5)2 = 10(2) + 26(2) = 72
Error bound for R2 : f is increasing on [1, 5], so
5 1
|I – R2 | ≤ [f(5) – f(1)] = (26 – 2)(2) = 48
2
Thus, I = 72 ± 48. (5-4)
5
5 1  125  1  136
18.  (x2 + 1) dx =  x 3  x  = + 5 –   1 = = 45 13
1  3 1 3  3  3
|I – R2 | = 45 13  72 = 26 23 ≈ 26.67 (5-5)
19. Using the values of f in the table with a = 1, b = 17, n = 4

17  1
∆x = = 4, we have
4
L4 = f(1)4 + f(5)4 + f(9)4 + f(13)4 = [1.2 + 3.4 + 2.6 + 0.5]4 = 30.8 (5-4)
20. f(x) = 6x 2 + 2x on [–1, 2];

1 2 1 1
Ave f(x) = (6x2 + 2x) dx = (2x3 + x2 )

2
= [20 – (–1)] = 7 (5-5)
2  (1) 1 3 1 3
21. width = 2 – (–1) = 3, height = Avg. f(x) = 7 (5-5)

22. f(x) = 100 – x2

11  3 8 x x
∆x =  = 2; ci = i 1 i (= midpoint of interval)
4 4 2
S4 = f(4)2 + f(6)2 + f(8)·2 + f(10)·2 = [84 + 64 + 36 + 0]2 = (184)2 = 368 (5-4)
23. f(x) = 100 – x2

5  (5) 10
∆x =  =2
5 5
S5 = f(–4)2 + f(–1)2 + f(1)2 + f(2)2 + f(5)2 = [84 + 99 + 99 + 96 + 75]2 = (453)2 = 906 (5-4)
b b
24. a
5f(x) dx = 5  a
f(x) dx = 5(–2) = –10 (5-4, 5-5)
c f ( x) 1 c 1 2
25. b 5
dx =
5 
b
f(x) dx =
5
(2) =
5
= 0.4 (5-4, 5-5)
d c d
26. b
f(x) dx =  b
f(x) dx + 
c
f(x) dx = 2 – 0.6 = 1.4 (5-4, 5-5)
c b c
27. a
f(x) dx = a
f(x) dx +  b
f(x) dx = –2 + 2 = 0 (5-4, 5-5)
d a b c d
28. 0
f(x) dx =  0
f(x) dx + 
a
f(x) dx + 
b
f(x) dx + 
c
f(x) dx = 1 – 2 + 2 – 0.6 = 0.4 (5-4, 5-5)
a b
29. b
f(x) dx = –  a
f(x) dx = –(–2) = 2 (5-4, 5-5)
b c
30. c
f(x) dx = –  b
f(x) dx = –2 (5-4, 5-5)
0 d
31. d
f(x) dx = –  0
f(x) dx = –0.4 (from Problem 28) (5-4, 5-5)
dy 2y dy 2(1) dy 2(1)
32. (A) = ; = = 1, = =1
dx x dx (2,1) 2 dx ( 2, 1) 2
dy 2x dy 2(2) dy 2(2)
(B) = ; = = 4, = =4 (5-3)
dx y dx (2,1) 1 dx ( 2, 1) 1
dy 2y
33. = ; from the figure, the slopes at (2, 1) and (–2, –1) are approximately equal to 1 as computed in
dx x
Problem 32(A), not 4 as computed in Problem 32(B). (5-3)
dy y
34. Let y = Cx 2 . Then = 2Cx. From the original equation, C = 2 so
dx x
dy  y  2y
= 2x  2  = (5-3)
dx x  x

35. Letting x = 2 and y = 1 in y = Cx 2 , we get

1 1
1 = 4C so C = and y = x 2
4 4
Letting x = –2 and y = –1 in y = Cx 2 , we get
1 1 2
–1 = 4C so C = – and y = – x (5-3)
4 4
36. 37.
(5-3) (5-3)
2
1 u 3/2
2 2 3/2
 
1/2
38. 1  xdx = u du = = (2) ≈ 1.886
1 0 3/2 3
0
Let u = 1 + x, du = dx.
When x = –1, u = 0, when x = 1, u = 2. (5-5)
0 0 3 1 0 1 2
39. 1
x 2 ( x3  2) 2 dx = 
1
( x3  2) 2   x 2 dx =
3 3 
1
( x3  2) 2 3x 2 dx =
3 1
u 2 du
Let u = x3 + 2. Then du = 3x2dx

22
When x = –1, u = 1, when x = 0, u = 2. 1 u 1  1
= ·  =– 
3 1  3u 1
1
1 1 1
=– + = (5-5)
6 3 6
u –t
 5e  
t
40. dt  5 e  t (  dt )  5 eu du = –5e + C = –5e + C
Let u = –t. Then du = –dt (5-2)
e 1 t2 e 1  e1 e e 1 e 1 1
41.  dt =    t  dt =  dt +  tdt = ln t  + t2  = ln e – ln 1 + e2 –
1 t 1 t 1 t 1 1 2 1 2 2
1 1
= + e2 (5-5)
2 2
2 6 1 1 u 1 1 2
42.  xe
3x2

dx  e3 x   x dx  e
3x2
6 x dx  e du = eu + C = e3x + C

6 6 6 6 6
2
Let u = 3x Then du = 6x dx (5-2)

1 1 1 1 1 5 5
  u  u 1/2 du = 2u1/2  = 2 5 – 2 ≈ 2.472
1/2
43. dx = – ( dx) = – du =
3 2 x 3 2  x 5 1 1
Let u = 2 – x. Then du = –dx

When x = –3, u = 5, when x = 1, u = 1 (5-5)
44. Let u = 1 + x2. Then du = 2x dx.

3
3 x 3 1 2 1 3 1 1
0 1  x2
dx =  0 2
1 x 2
x dx =
2 
0 1 x 2
2x dx = ln(1  x 2 )
2 0
1 1 1
= ln 10 – ln 1 = ln 10 ≈ 1.151
2 2 2
(5-5)
45. Let u = 1 + x2. Then du = 2x dx.

3 x 3 2 1 3
 2 2
dx = (1 + x2)–2 x dx =  (1 + x2)–2 2x dx
0 (1  x ) 0 2 2 0
3 3
1 (1  x 2 )1 1 1 1 9
= · = =–   = 0.45 (5-5)
2 1 2(1  x 2 ) 0
20 2 20
0
 x (2 x
3 4
46.  5)5 dx
Let u = 2x4 + 5. Then du = 8x3dx.

8 1 1 5 1 u6
 
x 3 (2 x 4  5)5 dx  (2 x 4  5)5   x 3 dx 
8 8
(2 x 4  5)5 8 x 3 dx 
8 
u du =
8
·
6
+C 
(2 x 4  5)6
= +C
48
(5-2)
e x 1  1   x 1
47.  dx   x 
  e dx   du = –ln|u| + C = –ln|e–x + 3| + C = –ln(e–x + 3) + C

e x  3 e  3  1  u
Let u = e–x + 3. [Note: Absolute value not needed since e–x + 3 > 0.]
Then du = –e–xdx. (5-2)
ex u 1 1
48.  dx  ( e x
 2) e
2 x
dx  u 2
du dx = + C = –(ex + 2)–1 + C = x
 +C
x
(e  2) 2
1 (e  2)
Let u = ex + 2. Then du = exdx (5-2)
dy
49. = 3x–1 – x–2
dx
1 x 1
y=  (3x 1  x 2 ) dx  3  
dx  x 2 dx = 3 ln|x| – + C = 3 ln|x| + x–1 + C
x 1
Given y(1) = 5:
5 = 3 ln 1 + 1 + C and C = 4
Thus, y = 3 ln|x| + x–1 + 4. (5-2, 5-3)

dy
50. = 6x + 1
dx
6 x2
f(x) = y =  + x + C = 3x2 + x + C
(6 x  1) dx =
2
We have y = 10 when x = 2: 3(2)2 + 2 + C = 10, C = 10 – 12 – 2 = –4
Thus, the equation of the curve is y = 3x2 + x – 4. (5-3)
51. (A) f(x) = 3 x = 3x1/2 on [1, 9] (B)

1 9
Avg. f(x) =
9 1 1
3 x1 2 dx 
3 x3 2 9 1
=  = x3/2 9
8 32 1 4 1
27 1 26
=   = 6.5
4 4 4
(5-5)
1
52. Let u = ln x. Then du = dx.
x
(ln x )2 1 u3 (ln x)3
 x 
dx  (ln x )2 dx  u 2 du =
x 3
+C=
3 +C (5-2)
53.  x( x
3
 1)2 dx   x( x
6
 2 x 3  1) dx (square x3 – 1)
x8 2 x 5 x 2
=  ( x 7  2 x 4  x ) dx =
8

5

2
+C (5-2)
x
54.  6 x
dx
Let u = 6 – x. Then x = 6 – u and dx = –du.

x 6u u 3 2 6u1 2 2
 dx   1/2
du  ( u1/2
 6u 1/2
) 
du =  + C = u3/2 – 12u1/2 + C
6 x u 32 12 3
2
= (6 – x)3/2 – 12(6 – x)1/2 + C (5-2)
3
7
55. 0
x 16  xdx . First consider the indefinite integral:
Let u = 16 – x. Then x = 16 – u and dx = –du.

u 5 2 16u 3 2 2 32 3/2
  
x 16  x dx   (16  u ) u1/2 du  (u 3/2  16u1/2 ) du =  + C = u5/2 – u +C
52 32 5 3
2(16  x)5 2 32(16  x)3 2
=  +C
5 3

7
7  2(16  x )5 2 32(16  x )3 2  2  95 2 32  93 2  2 165 2 32 163 2 
0
x 16  xdx = 
 5

3
 =
0 5

3

 5

3 

2  35 32  33  2  45 32  43  486  2048 2048 
=     = – 288 –   
5 3  5 3  5  5 3 
1234
= ≈ 82.267 (5-5)
15
1
 ( x  1)
9
56. dx  0 . (5-4)
1
dy 3
57. = 9x2ex , f(0) = 2
dx
Let u = x3. Then du = 3x2dx.
3
 9 x 2 e x dx  3 e x  3x 2 dx  3 eu du = 3eu + C = 3ex + C
 
3 3
y=
Given f(0) = 2:
2 = 3e0 + C = 3 + C
3
Hence, C = –1 and y = f(x) = 3ex – 1. (5-3)
dN
58. = 0.06N, N(0) = 800, N > 0
dt
From the differential equation, N(t) = Ce0.06t, where C is an arbitrary constant. Since N(0) = 800, we have
800 = Ce0 = C.
Hence, C = 800 and N(t) = 800e0.06t. (5-3)
59. N = 50(1 – e–0.07t),

0 ≤ t ≤ 80, 0 ≤ N ≤ 60
Limited growth (5-3)
60. p = 500e–0.03x,
0 ≤ x ≤ 100, 0 ≤ p ≤ 500
Exponential decay (5-3)

61. A = 200e0.08t,
0 ≤ t ≤ 20, 0 ≤ A ≤ 1,000
Unlimited growth (5-3)
100
62. N= ,
1  9e0.3t
0 ≤ t ≤ 25, 0 ≤ N ≤ 100
Logistic growth (5-3)

0.6 1
63. 0.5
1  x2
dx ≈ 1.167
(5-5)
3
64. 2
x 2 e x dx ≈ 99.074
(5-5)
2.5 ln x
65. 0.5 x 2
dx ≈ –0.153
(5-5)

600  200
66. a = 200, b = 600, n = 2, ∆x = = 200
2
L 2 = C'(200)∆x + C'(400)∆x
= [500 + 400]200 = $180,000
R 2 = C'(400)∆x + C'(600)∆x
= [400 + 300]200 = $140,000
600
140,000 ≤ 
200
C  ( x)dx ≤ 180,000 (5-4)
300  600 1
67. The graph of C'(x) is a straight line with y-intercept = 600 and slope = =–
600  0 2
1
Thus, C'(x) = – x + 600
2
Increase in costs:
600  600
1   1 2
 200 
600  x  dx =
2   600 x  4 x  = 270,000 – 110,000 = $160,000
  200
(5-5)
68. The total change in profit for a production change from 10 units per week to 40 units per week is given by:
40
40  x  x2   402   102 
10
150   dx =
10
150 x   =
 20 
10
150(40)  20  – 150(10)  20  = 5,920 – 1,495 = $4,425
   
(5-5)
69. P'(x) = 100 – 0.02x

x2
P(x) =  100  0.02 x dx = 100x – 0.02 + C = 100x – 0.01x2 + C
2
P(0) = 0 – 0 + C = 0
C=0
Thus, P(x) = 100x – 0.01x2.
The profit on 10 units of production is given by: P(10) = 100(10) – 0.01(10)2 = $999 (5-3)
70. The required definite integral is:

15 15
 (60  4t ) dt  60t  2t 2  = 60(15) – 2(15)2 = 450 or 450,000 barrels
0 0
The total production in 15 years is 450,000 barrels. (5-5)
71. Average inventory from t = 3 to t = 6:

1 6 1 6 1
Avg. I(t) =
63 3 
(10  36t  3t 2 ) dt  10t  18t 2  t 3  = [60 + 648 – 216 – (30 + 162 – 27)]
3 3 3
= 109 items (5-5)

72. S(x) = 8(e0.05x – 1)

Average price over the interval [40, 50]:
50
1 50 8 50 4  e0.05 x 
 
0.05 x 0.05 x
Avg. S(x) = 8( e  1) dx = (e  1) dx =   x
50  40 40 10 40 5  0.05  40
4
= [20e2.5 – 50 – (20e2 – 40)] = 16e2.5 – 16e2 – 8 ≈ $68.70
5
(5-5)
73. To find the useful life, set R'(t) = C'(t):

20e–0.1t = 3
3
e–0.1t =
20
 3 
–0.1t = ln   ≈ –1.897; t = 18.97 or 19 years
 20 
19 19
Total profit =  0
[ R (t )  C (t )] dt = 
0
(20e0.1t  3) dt
19 19
19 20 19 0.1t
= 20  0
e0.1t dt – ò 0
3dt =
0.1 0
e 
(0.1)dt –
0
3dt ò
= –200e–0.1t = –200e–1.9 + 200 – 57 ≈ 113.086 or $113,086
19 19
– 3t (5-5)
0 0
74. S′(t) = 4e–0.08t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24. Therefore,

4e0.08t
S(t) =  4e–0.08tdt = + C = –50e–0.08t + C.
0.08
Now, S(0) = 0, so
0 = –50e–0.08(0) + C = –50 + C.
Thus, C = 50, and S(t) = 50(1 – e–0.08t) gives the total sales after t months.
Estimated sales after 12 months:
S(12) = 50(1 – e–0.08(12)) = 50(1 – e–0.96) ≈ 31 or $31 million.
To find the time to reach $40 million in sales, solve 40 = 50(1 – e–0.08t) for t.
0.8 = 1 – e–0.08t
e–0.08t = 0.2
–0.08t = ln(0.2)
ln(0.2)
t= ≈ 20 months (5-3)
0.08
dA
75. = –5t–2, 1 ≤ t ≤ 5
dt
t 1 5
A=  
5t 2 dt  5 t 2 dt = –5 ·
1
+C=
t
+C

5
Now A(1) = + C = 5. Therefore, C = 0 and
1
5
A(t) =
t
5
A(5) = =1
5
The area of the wound after 5 days is 1 cm2. (5-3)
76. The total amount of seepage during the first four years is given by:
4
4 4 1, 000 4 (1  t ) 1
  
2
T= R (t )dt = dt = 1,000 (1  t ) dt = 1,000
0 0 (1  t ) 2 0 1
0
4
1, 000 1, 000
[Let u = 1 + t. Then du = dt.] = = + 1,000 = 800 gallons
1 t 0 5
(5-5)
77. (A) The exponential growth law applies and we have:

dP
= 0.0107P, P(0) = 116 (million)
dt
Thus P(t) = 116e0.0107t
The year 2025: t = 12, and P(12) = 116e0.0107(12) = 116e0.1284 ≈ 132
Assuming that the population continues to grow at the rate 1.07% per year, the population in 2025
will be approximately 132 million.
(B) Time to double:

116e0.0107t = 232
e0.0107t = 2
0.0107t = ln 2
ln 2
t= ≈ 65
0.0107
At the current growth rate it will take approximately 65 years for the population to double.
(5-3)
78. Let Q = Q(t) be the amount of carbon-14 present in the bone at time t. Then,
dQ
= –0.0001238Q and Q(t) = Q0e–0.0001238t,
dt
where Q0 is the amount present originally (i.e., at the time the animal died). We want to find t such that
Q(t) = 0.04Q0:
0.04 Q0 = Q0e–0.0001238t
e–0.0001238t = 0.04
–0.0001238t = ln 0.04
ln 0.04
t= ≈ 26,000 years (5-3)
0.0001238

Solution Manual for Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences, Br
79. N'(t) = 7e–0.1t and N(0) = 25.

7
N(t) =  7e
0.1t

dt 7 e0.1t dt  e 0.1t (0.1) dt = –70e–0.1t + C, 0 ≤ t ≤ 15
0.1
Given N(0) = 25: 25 = –70e0 + C = –70 + C
Hence, C = 95 and N(t) = 95 – 70e–0.1t.
The student would be expected to type N(15) = 95 – 70e–0.1(15) = 95 – 70e–1.5 ≈ 79 words per minute
after completing the course. (5-3)
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Solution Manual For Calculus For Business Economics Life Sciences and Social Sciences Brief Version 14th Edition Raymond A Barnett Michael R Ziegler Karl e Byleen Christopher J Stocker I

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Manual For Calculus For Business Economics Life Sciences and Social Sciences Brief Version 14th Edition Raymond A Barnett Michael R Ziegler Karl e Byleen Christopher J Stocker I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Manual for Calculus for Business,

Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences, Brief

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

26. F ( x )  (2 x  5)( x  6)  2 x 2  7 x  30, F '( x )  4 x  7  f ( x ); yes.

28. F ( x )  x ln x  x  e, F '( x )  1  ln x  1  ln x  f ( x ); yes.

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

(3 x  2) 4 4(3x  2)3 (3)

32. F ( x )  ( e x  10)( e x  10)  e2 x  100, F '( x )  2e 2 x  f ( x ); yes.

44.  x2(1 + x3)dx =  (x2 + x5)dx =  x2dx +  x5dx

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

56. R'(x) = 500 – 0.4x

Given R(0) = 0: 0 = 500(0) – 0.2(0)2 + C. Hence, C = 0 and R(x) = 500x – 0.2x2.

60. f '( x)  x 1  2 x 2  1; f (1)  5

Given f(1) = 1: ln 1  2(1) 1  1  C  5, C  2. Hence, f ( x)  ln x  2 x 1  x  2.

Given y(0) = 2: 3(0)  2e0  C  2, C  4. Hence, y  3t  2et  4.

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

Given R(0) = 0: 0 = 300(0) – 0.3(0)2 + C.

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hence, C = 0 and R(x) = 300x – 0.3x2.

86. S'(t) = 500 t1/4

Given S(0) = 0: 0 = 400(0)5/4 + C. Hence, C = 0 and S(t) = 400t5/4.

88. S'(t) = 500t1/4 + 300

S(t) =  (500t1/4 + 300)dt = 500  t1/4 dt +  300dt = 400t5/4 + 300t + C

90. L'(x) = 2,000x-1/3

Given L(8) = 12,000: 12,000 = 3,000(8)2/3 + C. Hence, C = 0 and L(x) = 3,000x2/3.

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

Given: V(1) = 15: 15 = 15 ln 1 + C. Hence, C = 15 and V(t) = 15 ln t + 15, 1 ≤ t ≤ 5.

After 4 hours of study,

2. f ( x )  (4 x  3)6 ; f '( x )  6(4 x  3)5 (4)  24(4 x  3)5 .

10.  (6x – 1)3(6)dx

12.  (x6 + 1)4(6x5)dx

Let u = x6 + 1, then du = 6x5dx and

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

14.  (4x2 – 3)-6(8x)dx

Let u = 4x2 – 3, then du = 8xdx and

Let u = x3, then du = 3x2 dx and

 (5x – 7)-1(5)dx = u-1du = ln|u| + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]

20.  (x2 + 9)-1/2(2x)dx

Let u = x2 + 9, then du = 2x dx and

 (x2 + 9)-1/2(2x)dx = u-1/2du = 2u1/2 + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]

Let u = x – 3, then du = dx and

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

24.  (5t + 1)3 dt

26.  (t3 + 4)-2 t2 dt

Let u = –0.01x, then du = –0.01 dx, dx = –100 du and

 e-0.01x dx = eu(–100)du = –100 eu du = –100eu + C [using Indefinite Integral Formulas]

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

Let u = 2 – t, then du = –dt, dt = –du and

Let u = t3 – 2, then du = 3t2 dt, and

36.  x x  9 dx =  x(x – 9)1/2 dx

Let u = (x – 9), then du = dx and x = u + 9.

= (x – 9)3/2 + 9(x – 9)1/2 = (x – 9) x  9 + 9 x  9

= x x9 – 9 x9 + 9 x9 = x x9

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

d 2  2 3 1/2 – 10  1  (x + 5)-1/2

40.  x(x + 6)8 dx

= (x + 6)9 – 6(x + 6)8

= (x + 6)8[(x + 6) – 6] = (x + 6)8(x) = x(x + 6)8

42. Let u = 1 – e-x, then du = –e-x(–1)dx = e-x dx.

44. Let u = x3 – 3x + 7, then du = (3x2 – 3)dx = 3(x2 – 1)dx.

46. Let u  4  7 x, then du  7 dx.

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.