Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

!"#$%&'()$ +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%- 1 !"#$%&'()$* +',-)$* .

&/0(0

!"#$%&'()$* +&,-(- !"!µ#$!"%&' &(%# )!( *µ)*+',-!(" ./*0%+!"'0#


0(0/1µ&%& 2&" &"&)32)&2%! µ,+!4 %!( 2(2%5µ&%!4 )&+&67654 %!( 5-!(.

8* &(%3 %! #+9+! 9& &"&:*+9!;µ* *)<2.4 0&' 2* 3+6&"& )!( 9&


µ)!+!;2&" "& -&+&0%.+'2%!;" 2&" ‘./*0%+'0#’ 5 ‘./*0%+!&0!(2%'0#’.

=+*'4 *<"&' !' /36!' 6'& &(%3:

1. > &"#)%(?. %7" ./*0%+!"'01" !+6#"7" '2%!+'0# 0&' %*-"!/!6'0#


)+!,0(@* 2&" &)!%,/*2µ& )*'+&µ&%'2µ1", 2(-"# µ*+'0# *)'%(-.µ,"7",
µ* %." *:&+µ!65 %.4 ./*0%+!"'054 %*-"!/!6<&4 2%." )&+&6765 5 %."
*"<2-(2. %!( 5-!(. 8* )!//,4 )*+')%12*'4 %& ./*0%+!"'0# 3+6&"&
)&+&601"'2&" ./*0%+'0# )+!6*",2%*+& %!(4 0&' *)<2.4 ,A72&" +'$'0#
0&'"!;+6'*4 A("&%3%.%*4 2%." 2;"9*2. 0&' %." *0%,/*2. µ!(2'054.

2. B/& %& ./*0%+'0# 3+6&"& &)&'%!;" ./*0%+!"'05 *"<2-(2. %!( 5-!(,


0&' ,%2' ()#+-*' µ'& /!6'05 2%! "& µ*/*%.9!;" µ&$< µ* &(%# )!(
&)!%*/!;"%&' &)!0/*'2%'0# &)3 ./*0%+!"'0# 0(0/1µ&%&.

3. > 0!'"5 -+52. %!( 3+!( ./*0%+!"'0# )!/; )*+'223%*+! &)3 %!" 3+!
./*0%+'0# 6'& %!" -&+&0%.+'2µ3 3/7" %7" !+6#"7" 2%& !)!<& !'
%&/&"%12*'4 *"'2-;!"%&' 0&' &0!;6!"%&' &)3 .-*<& &"*?#+%.%& µ* ! &" %!
2;2%.µ& )&+&67654 %!( 5-! *<"&' ./*0%+'03 5 ./*0%+!"'03.

=& ."#$%&)$* µ'/0)$* +&,-(- -7+<$!"%&' 2* A;! 0&%.6!+<*4:

8%& ."#$%&'-$'/0%)$* 0&' 2%& ."#$%&'µ.1-()$* 3+6&"&.

8%& ./*0%+!&0!(2%'0# 3+6&"& 5 )&+&6765 %!( 5-!( 6<"*%&' µ* &0!(2%'0,4


µ*93A!(4 0&' 2%. 2(",-*'& %& )&+&63µ*"& (2(-"# )!/; &29*"5 2%."
,"%&2. %!(4) .-.%'0# 0;µ&%& µ*%&%+,)!"%&' 2* ./*0%+'0# A'&µ,2!(
µ.-&"'2µ1" µ*%&%+!)54 (*"27µ&%7µ,"& µ'0+3:7"& 5 pickups) 0&'
*"'2-;!"%&'.

8%& ./*0%+!µ.-&"'0# 3+6&"& ! <A'!4 ! µ.-&"'2µ34 %!(4 A*" )&+#6*'


&0!(2%'0# 0;µ&%& &//# 0&"!"'0,4 %&/&"%12*'4 (regular fluctuations) 2*
,"& ./*0%+!"'03 0;0/7µ& )!( µ*%# µ*%&%+,)!"%&' 2* .-.%'03 25µ&.

!"#$%&'() (µ"#. *.+,"-$.)) #/0 12µ'#/3 !"#$%&'()$* 2'/0)$*


3&,-(- , 'u)* Davis, 0e2 3rove Dictionary of ;usic (;acmi==an
>u?=is*ers @td, 1998-2002) , 222.)rovemusic.com

1
!"#$%&' ()*+,+ -- - !"#$%&'" ()$*+,- - tzed'otenetgr
4('µ-05#6 7'/ 81'/( 1&.0)µ'7').9#5 ,)- %'( 1-&-$%.&)0µ+ %:(
."#$%&'()$;( µ'/0)$;( '&,*(:(#

1930Is

+#$2.()$." 0,-)$ (radio, )ramop*one, t*e sound fi=m, e=ectric and


e=ectronic musica= instruments)

#"#$%&'%'()$3 #"#$%&'0.4(#%)$3 #"#$%&'4#()$3 &.5)'1#"#$%&)$3 #%2#&1


6.7#

inter-2ar and post-2ar period

#"#$%&'()$3 #"#$%&)$3 #"#$%&'.$',-%)$3 #"#$%&'82'()$3 -9(%2#%)$3


#"#$%&'( 0,-)$3 #"#$%&'0,-)$:

4('µ-05#6 7'/ 1&.0)µ'7')'<(%-) 0=µ#&- ,)- %- $(8-% µ'/0)$*


+&,-(- $-) %.( #$%8"#0. %'/6#

!"#$%&'()$ +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%- - ;)7# !"#$%&'()$-

<)4)%." +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%-


='08,%#&1>.-#5 +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%-
?'@%6.&# >.-#5 0,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%-

A)&%,." +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%-

B#-%,&# C.-#5 !"#$%&'()$ +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%-

D98#&)(-%&,0#(%-

/(%#"")4#(% +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%- 1 /(%#"")4#(% +,-)$." ?9-%#0-


D9>&)5 +,-)$." /(-%&,0#(%-
+#%.1/(-%&,0#(%-

2
!"#$%&' ()*+,+ -- - !"#$%&'" ()$*+,- - tzed'otenetgr
!"#$%&'-$'/0%)$* 2'/0)$* 3&,-(-.

4" '0#2 #)5 .'#)6/&7' 8"&91'µ:$5/5#'9 #' './0(#9.$ µ/0(9.$ ;&6'5'


µ" "5(<µ'#<µ=5/03 µ)>'59(µ/?3 µ"#'#&/823 #)3 µ)>'59.23 "5=&6"9'3
(" )1".#&9.2. (pick-ups .'9 "5(<µ'#<µ=5' µ9.&;%<5').
4052@<3 "75'9 81).#&/%;&' 2 =6>/&-'. A µ)>'59(µ;3 #'1$5#<()3 "75'9
µ=&/3 #/0 )1".#&9./? .0.1Bµ'#/3. A =1"6>/3 #/0 )>/>&Bµ'#/3 675"#'9
µ" #)5 #/8/@=#)() pick-ups (" -9'%/&"#9.$ ()µ"7' #/0 './0(#9./?
µ)>'59(µ/? 8'&'6<623 #/0 2>/0 .'9 / ".#"1"(#23 #/03 µ8/&"7 .'#$
:/?1)() 5' "891=6"9 (05-0'(µ/?3 #/03.
40>5$ )1".#&/59.=3 µ"#'#&/8=3 "%'&µ;,/5#'9 (#/ 8'&'6;µ"5/
)1".#&9.; (2µ' 8&95 #)5 "57(>0() #/0.

A9 µ)>'59(µ/7 µ"#'#&/823 8/0 >&)(9µ/8/9/?5#'9 "75'9


)1".#&/µ'65)#9./7 ()1".#&9.=3 .9@$&"3 .'9 !/0(9.;3 #)1=6&'%/3),
)1".#&/(#'#9./7 (µ"#$ #/ 1920), %<#/)1".#&9./7 (Lan)er .'9 Mama*a
Disk=avier) .'9 89/ (8$59' 89",/)1".#&9./7 (>&)(9µ/8/9/?5#'9 .0&7<3
69' #)5 "57(>0() #<5 './0(#9.B5 µ/0(9.B5 /&6$5<5).

!"#$%&'µ.1-()$* 2'/0)$* +&,-(- - Electromechanical Instruments.

E'(#162##" 1 F%'()$12 %&'312G

A #/59.;3 #&/>;3 "75'9 (>"-;5 ><&73 "C'7&"() ) :$() #<5


)1".#&/µ)>'59.B5 (0(#)µ$#<5 8'&'6<623 2>/0 .'9 =>"9
>&)(9µ/8/9)@"7 (" )1".#&/59.$ ;&6'5' .'9 (" $11' 81).#&/%;&'
;&6'5' '8; #/ 1890 µ=>&9 #/ 1960. 42µ"&' =>"9 '5#9.'#'(#'@"7 '8;
D)%9'.$ "C'&#2µ'#', ;8<3 .'9 ;1/9 /9 µ)>'59(µ/7 µ" .95)#$ µ=&).

E )1".#&9.2 #&/%/-/(7' #=#/9<5 µ)>'59(µB5 675"#'9 µ" sync*ronous


e=ectric motor =5' "7-/3 .95)#2&' "5'11'((;µ"5/0 &"?µ'#/3 (#/5 /8/7/
) #'>?#)#' "1=6>"#'9 '8; #)5 (0>5;#)#' #)3 )1".#&9.23 8'&/>23 (50 2
60 .?.1/9 #/ -"0#"&;1"8#/).
A .95)#2&'3 /-)6"7 =5'5 2 8"&9((;#"&/03 $C/5"3 (#/03 /8/7/03 "75'9
8&/('&#)µ=5/9 -7(./9 2 .?195-&/9 .'#'(."0'(µ=5/9 '8; µ=#'11/, 60'17
2 .'9 81'(#9.;. *$@" -7(./3 2 .?195-&/3 =>"9 8$5< #/0 .$8/9' µ/&%2
8&/#?8/0 ('81/? 2 (?5@"#/0) #/ ;8/7/ µ" #)5 8"&9(#&/%2
"8'5'1'µ:$5"#'9.
*'#$ #)5 8"&9(#&/%2 #/ (?(#)µ' ()1".#&/µ'65)#9.;, )1".#&/(#'#9.; 2
%<#/)1".#&9.;) 8'&$6"9 .'5/59.=3 #'1'5#B("93 (" =5' )1".#&9.;
.?.1<µ'.
A µ)>'59(µ;3 1"9#/0&6"7 (05">B3 ;(/ #/ ;&6'5/ "75'9 (" 1"9#/0&67'.
E #'>?#)#' µ" #)5 /8/7' / -7(./3 2 .?195-&/3 8"&9(#&=%"#'9
8/11'81'(9'(µ=5) µ" #/5 '&9@µ; #<5 "8'5'12D"<5 #/0 .0µ'#9./?
8&/#?8/0 (8/0 "75'9 (" .$@" -7(./ 2 .?195-&/) , 8'&$6"9 #)5 (0>5;#)#'
(" .?.1/03 #/ -"0#"&;1"8#/. E µ/&%2 .'9 #/ (>2µ' #<5 .0µ'#9.B5
8&/#?8<5 8'&$6/05 µ9' '5$1/6) -9'.?µ'5() #/0 (2µ'#/3, ) /8/7'
.'@/&7,"9 #/ )>;>&<µ' #)3 5;#'3 8/0 './?6"#'9. 4052@<3 #/ ;&6'5/
8"&9=>"9 =5' $C/5' 69' .$@" (0>5;#)#', "7#" -B-".' (?5@"#/03 8/0 /

3
!"#$%&' ()*+,+ -- - !"#$%&'" ()$*+,- - tzed'otenetgr
.'@=5'3 8'&$6"9 ;1"3 #93 /.#$:"3 #)3 @"µ"19B-/03 #$C)3 (0>5;#)#'3
(pitc*-c=ass).
4" "1$>9(#"3 8"&98#B("93 ;1"3 /9 5;#"3 µ9'3 /.#$:'3 8"&9=>/5#'9 (" =5'
-7(./.
+/ )>;>&<µ' µ"#':$11"#'9 "7#" µ" #)5 8'&"µ:/12 %71#&<5 8&95 #)5
"57(>0() #/0 2>/0 "7#" µ" (?5@"#' (0(#2µ'#' #&/>B5 .'9 (>)µ$#<5.

E1".#&/µ'65)#9.$: Q*ora=ce==o, 'ammond or)an, Re=*armonium, .'


E1".#&/(#'#9.$: Dereux Tr)an, U=ectrone, ;akin or)an, .'
F<#/)1".#&9.$: Qe==up*one, @ic*tton-Tr)e=, >*otona, >o=yton, Ladio
Tr)an of a Rri==ion Rones, Lyt*micon, Syntronic Tr)an, Tpti)an, .'

Re=*armonium 2*e== @ic*ton-Tr)e=

/
!"#$%&' ()*+,+ -- - !"#$%&'" ()$*+,- - tzed'otenetgr
Electronic Musical Instruments - !"#$%&'()$* 2'/0)$* 3&,-(-

4" '0#2 #)5 .'#)6/&7' /&6$5<5 / 2>/3 8'&$6"#'9 '8/.1"9(#9.$ '8;


)1".#&/59./?3 '5'1/69./?3 #'1'5#<#=3 ) '8; 6"552#&9"3 @/&?:/0.

4#)5 '5#71)D) #/0 '5@&B8/0 /9 2>/9 "75'9 '8/#=1"(µ' %0(9.B5 '9#7<5


.'9 .952("<5. G9' 8/11/?3 '9B5"3 =>/0µ" µ$@"9 5' './?µ" 2>/03 8/0
(#)5 '5#71)D) µ'3 "75'9 $µ"(' (05-"-"µ=5/9 µ" .$8/9/ /&'#; (2
(05'6;µ"5/) µ)>'59(µ; 8'&'6<623 #/03.

H0#2 ) (>=() '9#7'3 '8/#"1=(µ'#/3 8/0 "75'9 &9,<µ=5) (#)5 '5#71)D)


µ'3 #/0 %0(9./? .;(µ/0 -"5 "75'9 ('%23 .'9 .'@'&2 (#)5 8'&'6<62
#<5 (05@"#9.B5 2><5. H.;µ' .'9 "$5 /9 2>/9 '0#/7 8'&$6/5#'9 '8; =5'
/&'#; (" µ'3 (?(#)µ' 8'&'6<623 2>/0, .'#$ .?&9/ 1;6/ "75'9
-9%/&/?µ"5/9 .'9 '('%"73. A9 )>)#9.=3 µ/&%/1/67"3 #<5 )1".#&/59.B5
µ/0(9.B5 /&6$5<5 08/-)1B5/05 #)5 ?8'&C) ';&'#<5 (<µ$#<5 ("
#'1$5#<() 8/0 ) 81"9/D)%7' #/03 -"5 '52."9 (#' (0(#2µ'#' 69' #'
/8/7' =>/0µ" µ$@"9 5' '8/.<-9./8/9/?µ" #)5 (>=() 8'&'6;µ"5/0
2>/0 .'9 µ)>'59(µ/? 8'&'6<623.

5
!"#$%&' ()*+,+ -- - !"#$%&'" ()$*+,- - tzed'otenetgr

You might also like