Refrigeration Calculation Numbers

A vapor compression refrigeration system operates between evaporator temperatures of 𝟏𝟖𝒐 C

and condenser temperature of 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝒐 C. The specific enthalpies at the exit and inlet of the
evaporator are 2101KJ/kg and 810KJ/kg respectively. The specific enthalpies at the exit and
inlet of the compressor are 2850KJ/kg and 950KJ/kg respectively. The specific enthalpies at the
exit and inlet of the condenser are 2690KJ/kg and 760KJ/kg. Assuming a refrigerant with a
mass flow rate of 0.25kg/s, determine the following:

Solution

→ Temperature of evaporator, 𝑇𝑒 = 18𝑜 C = 18 +273 = 291K

→ Temperature of the condenser, 𝑇𝑐 = 302𝑜 C = 302 + 273 = 575K

Evaporator Enthalpies, ℎ𝐸

→ Enthalpy in, ℎ𝑖 = 810 KJ/Kg

→ Enthalpy out, ℎ𝑜 = 2101 KJ/Kg

Compressor Enthalpies, ℎ𝐶

→ Enthalpy in, ℎ𝑐𝑖 = 950KJ/Kg

→ Enthalpy out, ℎ𝑐𝑜 = 2850KJ/Kg

Condenser Enthalpies

→ Enthalpy in, ℎ𝑐𝑖 = 760 KJ/Kg

→ Enthalpy out, ℎ𝑐𝑜 = 2690 KJ/Kg

→ Mas flow rate, 𝑚̇ = 0.25 kg/s

i. Heat transfer rate at the evaporator (3 marks)

Heat transfer rate at the evaporator, 𝑯𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑

⇒ 𝑯𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑 = 𝑚̇ (𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛)

𝑯𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑 = 0.25 x (2101 – 810) = 322.75KJ/s

Heat transfer rate at the evaporator, 𝑯𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑 = 322.75KJ/s

 ii. Heat transfer rate at the condenser (3 marks)

Heat transfer rate at the condenser, 𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅

⇒ 𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 = 𝑚̇ (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛)

𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 = 0.25 x (2690 – 760) = 482.5 KJ/s

Heat transfer rate at the condenser, 𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 = 482.5 KJ/s

iii. Power input to the compressor (3 marks)

Power input to compressor, 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒑

⇒ 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒑 = 𝑚̇ (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛)
𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒑 = 0.25 x (2850 – 950) = 475W
Power input to compressor, 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒑 = 475W

iv. COP of the system. (3 marks)

𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟

Coefficient of performance of the system =
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟

322.75
COP = 475

COP = 0.6795

A refrigerating system works on a reverse Carnot cycle. The higher temperature in the system
is 𝟑𝟓𝟎 C and the lower temperature is -𝟏𝟓𝟎 C. The capacity of the system is at 12 tonnes.
Determine:
i. COP of Carnot refrigerator
ii. Heat rejected from the system per hour
iii. Power required
Solution

Let, Higher Temperature, (𝑇𝐻 ) = 350 C = (35 + 273) = 108K

Lower Temperature, (𝑇𝐿 ) = -150 C = (-15 + 273) = 258K
Capacity = 12 tones

i. COP of Carnot refrigerator

𝑇𝐻 258
COP of Carnot Refrigerator = = = 5.16
𝑇𝐻 −𝑇𝐿 308−258

ii. Heat rejected from the system per hour

 𝑄𝐴
COP = 𝑄𝑅−𝑄𝐴

Where; QA → Capacity → 12 tones

But, 1tone of QA → 3.52KW
Then, 12 tones → 12x 3.52 → 42.24KW
QR → Heat Rejected =?

𝑄𝐴
Therefore, COP = 𝑄𝑅−𝑄𝐴

42.24
5.16 =
𝑄𝑅−42.24

42.24
QR = ( 5.16 ) + 42.24 = 50.42KW

iii. Power required

Power required = heat rejected (QR) – refrigeration capacity (QA)

= 50.42 – 42.24 = 8.19KW

Power required = 8.19KW

Carnot refrigeration cycle absorbs a heat at 270k and rejects heat at 300K.

1) Calculate the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle.

2) If the cycle is absorbing 1130Kg/min at 270K, how many KJ of work is required per second.
3) If the Carnot heat pump operates between the same temperatures as the above refrigeration
cycle, what is the coefficient of performance?
4) How many KJ/min will the heat pump deliver at 300k if it absorbs 1130KJ/min 270K
𝑇 270
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 = 𝑇 −1𝑇 = 300− 270 = 9
2 1

𝑇2
2) Work required per second
𝑄2
Let 𝑊𝑅 → Work required per second
HP
𝑄1 → Heat absorbed at 270K (𝑇1 )
𝑄1 1130
𝑄1 = 1130KJ/min = 60
= 18.83KJ/s
𝑇1

𝑇1 = 270K
𝑄1
But we know that 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 =
𝑇2 = 300K 𝑊𝑅

𝑄 18.83
1). coefficient of performance of the Carnot ⇒ 𝑊𝑅 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃1 = 9
𝑅
refrigeration cycle
 𝐖𝐑 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝐊𝐉/𝐬

c) Coefficient of performance of a carnot heat pump 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝

𝑇 300
⇒ 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 = 𝑇 −2𝑇 = 300− 270 =10
2 1

d) Heat delivered by heat pump at 300K

Heat absorbed 𝑄1 at 270K (𝑇1 )

⇒ 𝑄1 = 1130KJ/min given
𝑄2
But 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 = 𝑄
2 − 𝑄1

⇒ 𝑄2 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 (𝑄2 − 𝑄1 )

𝑄2 - 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 . 𝑄2 = - 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 . 𝑄1

𝑄2 (1 - 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 ) = - 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 . 𝑄1

− 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 .𝑄1 − (10 x 1130) − 11300

𝑄2 = = =
1 − 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑝 1 − 10 −9

𝑸𝟐 = 1256KJ/min

The capacity of a refrigerator is 200TR when working between -𝟔𝟎 C and 𝟐𝟓𝟎 C. Determine the
mass of ice produced per day from water at 𝟐𝟓𝟎 C. also find the power required to drive the
unit. Assume that the cycle operator on reversed Carnot cycle and latent heat of ice is 335KJ/kg.

Given;

Q = 200TR 𝑻𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 250 C = 25 + 273 = 298K

𝑻𝟏 = −60 C = -6 + 2273 = 267K Latent heat of ice, ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 335KJ/kg

𝑻𝟐 = 250 C = 25 + 273 = 298K Mass of ice produced per day =?

But heat extraction capacity of the refrigerator, 𝑸𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏,

𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 200TR, where TR= 210KJ/min

⇒ 𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 200 x 210 = 42,000KJ/min

Heat removed from 1kg of water at 250 C from ice at 00 C =

(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝) + ℎ𝑓𝑔

But 𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 4.187

Heat removed from 1kg of water at 250 C from ice at 00 C = (1x4.187x (25 − 0)) + 335

Heat removed from 1kg of water at 250 C from ice at 00 C = 439.7KJ/kg

Mass of ice removed per day = 95.52 x 60 x 24 = 137550 tonnes

= 137.55 tonnes

Power required to drive the unit =?

𝑇 267
Cut COP of the reversed Carnot cycle = 𝑇 −1𝑇 = 298−267 = 8.6
2 1

𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

COP = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒

𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 42000

𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 = COP
= 8.6
= 4884KJ/min

𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 4884

Power required to drive the unit = 60
= 60
= 81.4KW

Five hundred kg of fruits are supplied to a cold storage at 𝟐𝟎𝟎 C. the cold storage is maintained
at 𝟓𝟎 C and the fruits get cooled to the storage temperature in 10hrs. The latent heat of freezing
is 105KJ/kg and specific heat of fruit is 1.256KJ/kgK. Find the refrigeration capacity of the
plant. Given A ton of refrigeration or a refrigeration ton (TR) 210KJ/Min

Solution

Given, M=500kg

𝑇2 = 200 C = 20+273 =293K

𝑇1 = −50 C = −5+273 = 268K

ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 105KJ/Kg

𝐶𝐹 = 1.256KJ/KgK

Heat removed from fruits in 10hrs= heat removed from fruits 𝑄1 + latent heat of freezing 𝑄2

Total heat removed from fruits, 𝑄1 = M.CF (𝑇2 -𝑇1 ) = 500x1.256 (293-268) = 15,700KJ

Total latent heat of freezing, 𝑄2 = M. ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 500x105 = 52,500KJ

Heat removed from fruits in 10hrs, Q = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 = 15,700 + 52,500 = 68,200KJ

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑,𝑄 68,200
Total heat removed in one minute, 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑥 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
= 10𝑋60 = 113.7KJ/min

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑,𝑄𝑅 113.7KJ/min

Refrigeration Capacity of the plant = A ton of refrigeration
(TR)
= 210KJ/min
= 0.541TR
A cold storage plant is required to store 20tonnes of fish. The fish is supplied at a temperature
of 𝟑𝟎𝟎 C. the specific heat of fish above freezing point is 2.93KJ/kgK. The specific heat of fish
below freezing point is 1.26KJ/kgK. The fish is stored in a cold storage which is maintained at -
𝟖𝟎 C. the freezing point of fish is -𝟒𝟎𝟎 C. The latent heat of fish is 235KJ/kg. if the plant requires
75KW to drive it, find;

1. The capacity of the plant

2. Time taken to achieve cooling

Assume actual COP of the plant as o.3 of the Carnot COP

Solution

Mass of fish, 𝑀𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ → 20 tonnes → 20,000kg

𝑇2 = 300 𝐶 → 30 + 273 → 303K

Specific heat of heat above freezing point, 𝐶𝐴𝐹 → 2.93KJ/KgK

Specific heat of heat below freezing point, 𝐶𝐵𝐹 → 1.26 KJ/KgK

𝑇1 → −80 𝐶 → −8 + 273 → 265K

𝑇3 → −40 𝐶 → −4 + 273 → 269K

Latent heat of fish, ℎ𝑓𝑔(𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ) → 235 KJ/Kg

Work required → Power, P → 75KW → 75 KJ/s

Carnot coefficient of performance, 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 → ?

Actual coefficient of performance, 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 → 0.3 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡

1. The capacity of the plant 08 Marks

𝑇 265
For Carnot, 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 = 𝑇 −1𝑇 = 303−265 = 6.97
2 1

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 = 6.97

But, 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 → 0.3 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 → 0.3 x 6.97 → 2.09

Therefore, 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 → 2.09

Heat removed by the plant, Q → 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 x Work required

Q → 2.09 x 75 → 156.75 KJ/s
Converting into KJ/min
Q → 156.75 x 60 → 9405 KJ/min
Heat removed by the plant,Q
Capacity of the plant → 𝑇𝑅

But TR → 210 KJ/min

 9405
Then, Capacity of the plant → → 44.79 TR
210

Therefore, Capacity of the plant → 44.79 TR

2. Time taken to achieve cooling 07 Marks
Heat removed from fish above freezing point, 𝑄1 → 𝑀𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ x 𝐶𝐴𝐹 x (𝑇2 - 𝑇3 )

𝑄1 → 20000 x 2.93 (303 – 265) → 199,240,000 J

⇒ Heat removed from fish above freezing point, 𝑄1 → 1.9924𝑥106 KJ

Heat removed from fish below freezing point, 𝑄2 → 𝑀𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ x 𝐶𝐵𝐹 x (𝑇3 - 𝑇1 )

𝑄2 → 20000 x 1.26 (269 – 265) → 100,800 J

⇒ Heat removed from fish below freezing point, 𝑄2 → 0.1008𝑥106 KJ

Total latent heat of fish, 𝑄3 → 𝑀𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ x ℎ𝑓𝑔(𝑓𝑖𝑠ℎ)

𝑄3 → 20000 x 235 → 4,700,000 J

⇒ Heat removed from fish below freezing point, 𝑄2 → 4.7𝑥106 KJ

Total heat removed by the plant, Q → 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3

Q → 1.9924𝑥106 + 0.1008𝑥106 + 4.7𝑥106 → 6.7932𝑥106 KJ

Therefore, total heat removed by the plant, Q → 6.7932𝑥106 KJ

Total heat removed by the plant

Time taken to achieve the cooling, T → Heat removed by the plant

6.7932𝑥106
T→ → 722.2967 Mins
9405

Converting time into hours

722.2967
T→ → 12.0383 hrs
60

Therefore, Time taken to achieve the cooling, T → 12.0383 hrs

A vapor compression refrigeration cycle is operating with a saturated evaporating
temperature of -𝟐𝟎𝟎 F and a saturated condensing temperature of 𝟖𝟎𝟎 F. The
refrigerant, R22, leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid and enters the compressor
with 5 degrees of superheat. The pressure drops through the evaporator and condenser
can be considered negligible. The compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. The
cycle has a capacity of 15000kg.
Find:
1) The mass flow rate of the R22 in kg/s (3 marks)
2) The power requirement of the compressor in KW (3 marks)
3) The coefficient of performance of the cycle (3 marks)

Solution
𝑆1 = 𝑆2
𝑆1 = 𝑆𝑔1 at 𝑇1
𝑆2 𝑖 = 𝑆𝑔2 at 𝑇2 𝑖 and 𝑃2
𝑆3 = 𝑆𝑓3 at 𝑇3
𝑇
𝑆2 = 𝑆2 𝑖 + 𝐶𝑃𝑔 ln 2𝑖
𝑇2
5
𝑇1 = -20f = (20-32)9

ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔1 at 𝑇1
ℎ2 = ℎ𝑔2 + 𝐶𝑃𝑔 (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 𝑖 )
ℎ2 𝑖 = ℎ𝑔2 at 𝑇2 𝑖
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓3 at 𝑇3
ℎ3 = ℎ4
ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓4 fx4ℎ fgh

Degrees of super heat (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 𝑖 ) =50 F

(−20 − 32) 𝑋 5
𝑇1 = −200 F = = −28.8890 C
9
𝑇1 = −28.889 + 273 = 422.11K

(80 − 32) 𝑋 5
𝑇2 𝑖 =800 F = = = 26.6670 C
9
𝑇2 𝑖 = 26.667 + 273 = 299.667K

From (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 𝑖 ) = 5
Then, 𝑇2 = 5 + 𝑇2 𝑖 = 5 + 80
𝑇2 = 850 F
(85 − 32) 𝑋 5
𝑇2 = 850 F = = 29.4440 C
9
Therefore, 𝑇2 = 273 + 29.444 = 302.444K

𝑏𝑡𝑢 𝑏𝑡𝑢
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔1 at 𝑇1 = 102.415 , but = 2.326 KJ/kg
𝑏 𝑏

⇒ ℎ1 = 102.415 x 2.326 = 238.22 KJ/kg

 𝑏𝑡𝑢 𝑏𝑡𝑢
𝑆1 = 𝑆𝑔1 at 𝑇1 = 0.23315 , where, = 2.326 KJ/kg
𝑏 𝑏

⇒ 𝑆1 = = 0.23315 x 2,326 = 0.5423 KJ/kg

ℎ2 = ℎ𝑔2 + 𝐶𝑃𝑔 (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 𝑖 ), but 𝒉𝒈𝟐 = 𝒉𝟐 𝒊 at 𝑇2 𝑖 and 𝑺𝟐 𝒊 = 𝑺𝒈𝟐 at 𝑇2 𝑖

⇒ 𝑺𝟐 = 𝑺𝟏 = 0.5423 KJ/kg
𝑏𝑡𝑢 𝑏𝑡𝑢
⇒ ℎ𝑔2 = 111.052 x , where, = 2.326 KJ/kg
𝑏 𝑏

ℎ𝑔2 = 111.052 x 2.326 = 258.31 KJ/kg and

𝑏𝑡𝑢 𝑏𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝑔2 = 0.21288 x , where, = 2.326 KJ/kg
𝑏 𝑏

𝑆𝑔2 = 0.21288 x 2.326 = 0.4952 KJ/kg

𝑇2
From 𝑆2 = 𝑆2 𝑖 + 𝐶𝑃𝑔 ln where, 𝑆2 = 0.5423 KJ/kg, 𝑆𝑔2 = 0.4952 KJ/kg, 𝑇2 =
𝑇2 𝑖
302.444K &
𝑇2 𝑖 = 299.667K
302.444
⇒ 0.5423 = 0.4952 + 𝐶𝑃𝑔 ln 299.667

0.5423 – 0.4952
𝐶𝑃𝑔 = 302.444 = 5.1041 KJ/kg
ln
299.667

→ 𝑪𝑷𝒈 = 5.1041 KJ/kg

Also from, ℎ2 = ℎ𝑔2 + 𝐶𝑃𝑔 (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 𝑖 )

Where, ℎ𝑔2 = 258.31 KJ/kg, 𝐶𝑃𝑔 = 5.1041 KJ/kg, and (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 𝑖 ) = 50 F

Then, ℎ2 = 258.31 + (5.1041 x 5)

→ 𝒉𝟐 = 283.8315 KJ/kg

 The mass flow rate of the R22 in kg/s (3 marks)

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝑄
Mass flow rate = 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 (ℎ , where, Q → 15000kg, ℎ1 → 238.22 KJ/kg
1 − ℎ4 )
&
ℎ4 → 77.01 KJ/kg
15000
⇒ Mass flow rate = 238.22−77.01
⇒ Mass flow rate = 93.043 kg/s
 The power requirement of the compressor in KW (3 marks)

(ℎ Isentropic− ℎ )
Power requirement of the compressor in KW = Ṁ 2 𝜂 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 1

Isentropic efficiency, (𝜂 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐) = 85%

(ℎ2 Ise− ℎ1 )
⇒ 𝜂 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 = ℎ2 − ℎ1

ℎ2 Ise− ℎ1
85% = ℎ2 − ℎ1

85 ℎ2 Ise− 238.22
=
100 283.91−238.22

ℎ2 Ise = 0.85 x (283.91 − 238.22) + 238.22 = 277.0565KJ/Kg

Therefore, ℎ2 Ise = 277.0565KJ/Kg

15000 𝑥 (277.0565−238.22)
Power = = 686.12 KW
0.85

Therefore, Power = 686.12 KW

 The coefficient of performance of the cycle (3 marks)

ℎ1 − ℎ4
Coefficient of friction, COF = ℎ2 − ℎ1

238.22−77.01 161.21
COF = =
283.91−238.22 45.69

COF = 3.54
A cold room has the following properties; dimensions of the cold store are 6m long, 5m
wide and 4m high. The ambient air is 𝟑𝟎𝒐 C at 50%, the internal air is 𝟏𝒐 C at 95%. The
walls, roof and floor are all insulated with 80mm polyurethane with a u value of
0.28W/𝒎𝟐 .K, the ground temperature is 𝟏𝟎𝒐 C. Assuming there are 4000kg of new
apples arriving each day at a temperature of 𝟓𝒐 C and a specific heat capacity of
3.65KJ/𝒌𝒈.𝒐 C, and there two people working in the cold store and each person releases
approximately 270W of heat per hour inside and there are 3 lamps at 100W each,
running for 4 hours a day. In this cold store, there is an evaporator using 3 fans rated at
200W each and estimated to be running for 14 hours per day. Neglecting all other
sources of heat load including infiltration load, respiration load and any other, calculate
the total cooling load required for this cold room. (25 marks)

Solution

- Cold room dimensions are (6x5x4) meters

- Ambient air → 300 C at 50% relative humidity
- The internal air → 10 C at 90% relative humidity
- The walls, roof and floor are all insulated with 80mm polyurethane with a U value of
0.28W/𝑚2 .K
- The ground temperature → 100 C
24
Then transmission load, 𝑄𝑇 = U x A x (Temp out – Temp in) x
1000

Where:

- Q → KWh/day heat load

- U → U value of insulation (w/𝑚2 K) - 0.28W/𝑚2 .K
- A → surface area of walls of outside, roof and floor (𝑚2 )
But

A → summation of areas outside 1,2,3,4, roof and floor

⇒ Side 1, Area, A = 6X4 = 24𝑚2

⇒ Side 2, Area, A = 5x4 = 20𝑚2

⇒ Side 3, Area, A = 6x4 = 24𝑚2

⇒ Side 4, Area, A = 5x4 = 20𝑚2

⇒ Roof, Area, A = 6x5 = 30𝑚2

⇒ Floor, Area, A = 6x5 = 30𝑚2

Therefore, total surface area, A = summation of areas outside 1,2,3,4, roof and floor
 A = (24 + 20 + 24 + 20 + 30 +30) 𝑚2

A = 148𝑚2

⇒ Surface area of walls and roof = (148 – 30) 𝑚2 = 118𝑚2

⇒ Temp out = Ambient external air temperature = 300 C

⇒ Temp in = Air temperature inside the room = 10 c

Considering on day → 24hrs

24
Then; 𝑄𝑇 = U x A x (Temp out – Temp in) x 1000

24
𝑄𝑤&𝑟 = 0.28 x 118 x (30 – 1) x 1000

𝑄𝑤&𝑟 = 22.995 KWh/day

Floor
24
Cooling transmitting load, 𝑄𝐹 = U x A x (Temp out – Temp in) x 1000

24
𝑄𝐹 = 0.28 x 30 x (30 – 1) x 1000

𝑄𝐹 = 1.8 KWh/day

Total daily transmission heat gain 𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄𝑤&𝑟 + 𝑄𝐹

𝑄𝑇 = (22.995 + 1.8) KWh/day

𝑄𝑇 = 24.8 KWh/day

Product load 𝑄𝑝

Heat brought into the cold room by introducing new products (apples) which are at a higher
temperature.

Temp enter – Temp store

Therefore, product load 𝑄𝑝 = M x 𝐶𝑝 x ( )
3600

Where; M → weight of apples = 4,000kg

𝐶𝑝 → Specific heat capacity of products, apples = 3.65 KJ/ 𝐾𝑔0 C

Temp Enter → entering temperature of apples = 50 C

Temp store → temperature within the store = 10 C

3600 → conversion from KJ to KWh

 Temp enter – Temp store
Therefore, product load 𝑄𝑝 = M x 𝐶𝑝 x ( )
3600

5–1
𝑄𝑝 = 4000 x 3.65 x (3600)

𝑄𝑝 = 16.22 KWh/day

Internal heat load

heat
Internal heat load, 𝑄𝐼𝐿𝑃 = people x time x (1000)

Where,

People = 02

Time = 04 hours

Heat = 270 W
270
𝑄𝑇𝐿𝑃 = 2 x 4 x (1000)

𝑄𝐼𝐿𝑃 = 2,16KWh/day

Internal heat load due to lighting, 𝑄𝑇𝐿𝐿

Wattage
⇒ 𝑄𝐼𝐿𝐿 = Lamps x time x ( ),
1000

Where, lamps=3, time= 4hrs, & wattage = 100w

100
Therefore, 𝑄𝐼𝐿𝐿 = 3 x 4 x (1000) = 1.2 KWh/day

Total internal heat load, 𝑄𝐼𝐿 = 𝑄𝐼𝐿𝑃 + 𝑄𝐼𝐿𝐿 = 2.16 + 1.2 = 3.36KWh/day

𝑄𝐼𝐿 = 3.36KWh/day
Wattage
Equipment load, 𝑄𝐸 = fans x time x ( )
1000

Where, fans = 3 pcs, time = 14hrs and fan wattage = 200W

200
⇒ 𝑄𝐸 = 3 x 14 x (1000) = 8,4KWh/day

⇒ 𝑄𝐸 = 8,4KWh/day

Total cooling load, 𝑄𝐿 = 𝑄𝑇 + 𝑄𝑃 + 𝑄𝐼𝐿 + 𝑄𝐸

𝑄𝐿 = 24.8 + 16.22 + 3.36 + 8.4

 𝑄𝐿 = 52.78KWh/day

To account for errors and variations from the design, consider/ apply factor of safety → 1.2

⇒ Total cooling load, 𝑄𝐿 52.78 x 1.2

⇒ 𝑸𝑳 = 62.34KWh/day