Experiment No.

2
Sinusoidal Alternating Voltage for a Capacitor
GROUP 2
Evaristo, Jhimuel S., Garcia, Jay-V Brian, Flores, John Luigi T., Dizon, Doc Alwin M., Dela Cruz,
Sid Jimuel C., Galapon, Carl Lhander C., Justo, John Carlo, 2021307182@dhvsu.edu.ph,
2019999566@dhvsu.edu.ph, 2021307203@dhvsu.edu.ph, 2021313735@dhvsu.edu.ph,
20203000281@dhvsu.edu.ph, 2021307352@dhvsu.edu.ph, 2021305862@dhvsu.edu.ph

Introduction:
According to "Alex Roderick" (2021). When the sine wave frequency and either the peak
or rms value are provided, AC voltage is best characterized. For instance, 120 VAC @ 60 Hz is
the standard voltage in use across the whole country of the United States. We must establish
the connections between the various AC values since an AC sine wave has a wide range of
immediate voltage or current values.

Capacitors store electrical charge as energy. When a capacitor is connected across a

DC supply voltage, it begins to charge at a rate determined by its time constant and continues to
do so until it achieves the voltage that is being applied. On the other hand, in a sinusoidal
voltage circuit with an "AC Capacitance," the capacitor will charge and discharge at a rate
determined by the frequency of the supply.

According to " David Harvey" (N.D). The value of direct current is constant and
independent of time. Alternating current, on the other hand, has a value that varies over time. A
component of a circuit that may hold charge is a capacitor. while creating an electrical circuit,
the standard capacitor's construction and symbol. Two conducting plates and a thin layer of
insulating or dielectric material make up a capacitor. The plates' surface area is A and have a
distance between them The dielectric constant of a substance is two metal sheets that function
as the dielectric material and are spaced apart by air can make up a straightforward capacitor.
The equation Q=CXV describes how much energy a capacitor can store.

Objective:
1. To investigate the behavior of a capacitor (current and voltage characteristics) when
a sinusoidal AC voltage is applied.
Materials:
1. Function generator (Mode: Sine; Amplitude: 1:1,20%; Frequency: 100Hz)
2. Oscilloscope (Channel A: 1V/div, Channel B: 500mV/div, Time base: 5ms/div, Mode:
X/T, AC Trigger: Channel A / rising edge / pre-trigger 0%)
3. 100 Ω resistor
4. 1µF Capacitor
 Procedure:
1. Assemble the circuit as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1. Circuit diagram

2. Use the function generator as the source. Set the function generator as indicated
above.
3. Measure the voltage and current of the capacitor using oscilloscope.
4. Measure the period difference and compute the phase angle difference using this
Period difference
formula: ∅= ∗360°
Period for 1 cycle
5. Record results in Table 1
6. Increase the frequency to 1 kHz of the function generator. And repeat Step 3 and 4
7. Record results in Table 1

Data and result:

Table 1

100Hz 1kHz
Voltage 1.991V 1.720V
Current 1.256mA 10.651mA
Phase Angle Difference (V & I) 88.889 90

Question:
1. Base on your acquired data what phase displacement is observed between the
current and voltage?

Based on the acquired data that we got in phase displacement between voltage and
current is almost the same but not exact. The phase Angle Difference in 100Hz is
88.889 degrees while in 1 kHz is 90 degrees. In 100Hz is 88.889 degrees, it is
approximately equal to 90 degrees but in 1 kHz we got a solid 90 degrees.
 2. Base on your observation what is the relationship between the frequency and peak
current?

The input frequency affects the current in this type of circuit as well. When the input
frequency is high, the current or electron flow in the circuit is high, and when the
frequency is low, less current flows. In short, the frequency of the input source is
directly proportional to the peak current in this AC circuit.

Conclusion
In conclusion, although a pure inductor can conduct alternating voltage similarly to a
capacitor, it only uses reactive power because of the 90° phase shift that causes the magnetic
field of the coil to regularly increase and deplete. However, in practice, coils also have a very
low ohmic resistance, which causes a phase shift of just under 90 degrees and commensurate
active power usage.

References
2.3: Alternating Current Circuits. (2022, August 12). Chemistry LibreTexts.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/
Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/02%3A_Electrical_Components_and_Circuits/
2.03%3A_Alternating_Current_Circuits

Roderick, A. (2021, August 10). Values of Alternating Voltage and Current. Technical Articles.
https://eepower.com/technical-articles/values-of-alternating-voltage-and-current/?fbclid=
IwAR2C4M_ImMXeFRe8ATpQ76DuO9yMhU-Fo4cOjuFxxiQ6VubKFOvcbvXBCt0#

Contributions:

 Dizon, Doc Alwin M., Dela Cruz, Sid Jimuel C., Evaristo, Jhimuel S. (INTRODUCTION)
 Dela Cruz, Sid Jimuel C., Flores, John Luigi T., Justo, John Carlo (QUESTION 1&2)
 Garcia, Jay-V Brian, Galapon, Carl Lhander C., Dizon, Doc Alwin M. (REFERENCES)
 Galapon, Carl Lhander C., Garcia, Jay-V Brian, Justo, John Carlo, Dizon, Doc Alwin M. (CONCLUSION)
 Everyone in the group takes part in the task. (SIMULATED CIRCUIT)
 Flores, John Luigi T., Evaristo, Jhimuel S., (THEORETICAL COMPUTATIONS)
APPENDICES:
 APPENDIX A: THEORETICAL COMPUTATIONS
APPENDIX B: SIMULATED CIRCUIT
Results @ 100Hz:

SIMULATED CIRCUIT

MEASURED VOLTAGE
MEASURED CURRENT

PERIOD FOR 1 CYCLE

 PERIOD DEFFERENCE

Results @ 1000Hz:

MEASURED VOLTAGE
MEASURED CURRENT

PERIOD FOR 1 CYCLE

PERIOD DEFFERENCE
APPENDIX C: MEETING OF THE GROUP WHILE WORKING WITH THE
EXPERIMENT (PICTURE- VIRTUAL MEETING)