eo TOEIC Wier Reflects ETS updates.to the TOEIC’ formatLLL TOEIC Upgrade Reflects ETS updatessto the TOEIC™formatOriginal title: TOEIC? UPGRADE ‘Written by Peggy Anderson © 2020 Compass Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. Vietnamese edition © 2020 by First News ~ Tri Viet Publishing Co., Ltd. Published by arrangement with Compass Publishing, Korea. Tac phim: TOEIC® UPGRADE ‘Tic gid: Peggy Anderson Cong ty First News ~ Tri Vige gid ban quyén xust ban va phat hanh in ban Tiéng, Viet trén toan thé gidi theo hop dong chuyén giao ban quyén vai Compass Media Inc., Han Quéc. Bat cit sy sao chép nao khong duge sy dng ¥ ctia First News déu la bat hop php va vi pham Luat xuat ban Viet Nam, Luat Ban quyén Quéc té va ‘Cong ude Bao ho Ban quyén So hiru Tri tu Berne. Quy doe gid cé nhu ciu lién hé, vui long giti email vé: Ban thao va ban quyén : rights@firstnews.com.vn Phat hanh : trivietefirstnews.com.vn CONG TY VAN HOA SANG TAO TRI VIET - FIRST NEWS. 11H Nguyén Thj Minh Khai, Quan 1, TP. HCM Tel: (84.28) 38227979 ~ 38227980 - Fax: (84.28) 38224560 Web: www.firstnews.com.vnLLL cele Wittens Reflects ETS updates.to the TOEIC® format UC eyWN adlan EG Introduction 1. Overview Il. The New TOEIC® ~ Ill, How to Use This Book z IV. For Teachers: Sample Syllabuses \V. For Learners: Getting Ready for the TOEIC® Listening Comprehension (LC) Part! Photographs Unit 01 Photos with People in Focus ~~ : Unit 02 Photos with one Backgrounds in sth Mini-Test: Part 1 ~ Part 2 Question-Respon Unit 01 Who - What - Which ~~~ ‘Unit 02 Where - When ~ Unit 03. How - Why --~ Unit 04 Yes/No Questions Alternative / Tag / Embedded Cueetions r ‘Statements / belo I cl ay Offers ~~ Part3 Short Conversations Unit 01 Main Question Types~~ Unit 02 Business-Related Topics ~ Unit 03 Purchase-Related Topics Unit 04. Topics Relate to Dal Life Mini-Test: Part 3 Part 4 Short Talks Unit 01 Main Question Types: Unit 2 Recorded Messages / Announcements I spss Unit 03. Broadcasting Talks ~~ Unit 04. Advertisements / Tour Guidance ~ Mini-Test: Part 4g Comprehension (RC) Parts 56 Sentence & Text Completion Unit 01 Nouns -~ $¢ - ‘Unit 02 Pronouns -----~ Unit 03 Adjectives Unit 04 Adverbs ‘Unit 05 Water Aree Unit 06 Voice- Unit 07 Tense Unit 08 To-infinitives -~ Unit 09 Gerunds Unit 10. Participles Unit 11 Prepositions Unit 12 Conjunctions ~ Unit 13 Relative Pronouns & Relative Adverbs Unit 14 Complete Sentences: Mini-Test: Part 5 Mini-Test: Part 6 Part7 Short Readings !-Question Types Unit 01 Reading for the Main Idea-~ “ Unit 02. Reading for Details ~~ Unit 03 Making inferences Unit 04 Finding Synonyms Unit05. Reading for he intended Meaning Unit 06. Inserting a Sentence Part7 Short Readings 2-Passage Types Unit 07 Letters & E-mails a 3 240 Unit 08 Announcements & Notices: . 284 Unit 09 News Articles et " - 248 Unit 10 Advertisements + : . oat Unit 11 Non-Prose Readings: * vee 258 Unit 12 Double Passages ~~~ = 262 Unit 13 Triple Passages 268 Mini-Test: Part 7 ------1ss--0 = 274 Common TOEIC’ Vocabulary vs 282 Transcript & Answer Key --«- Pull-Out Booklet1. Overview Il. The New TOEIC® IIL. How to Use This Book IV. For Teachers: Sample Syllabuses V._ For Learners: Getting Ready for the TOEIC” I. Overview What is the TOEIC’? «Educational Testing Service (ETS), the OEIC? (Test of English for International “3 worldwide to assess the proficiency of English-language learners. Since 1979, corporations, government agencies: iversities, and other organizations Nave relied on TOEIC® scores 10 English skils of employees and applicants who are non-native English speakers. Many 1 identify areas that need Developed by th Communication) is use help evaluate the individuals take the TOEIC” to gain clearer idea of their own English Skills and t improvement. The test is divided into two sections: Listening Comprehension (Parts 1 through 4) and Reading (Parts © through 7). Each of the two main sections Tronsists of 100 multiple-choice questions Total test-taking time is two hours. ability. While much of the test focuses OF the use of English at The TOEIC® is a test of general English Tent is not specialized for any particular field. All of the work (as well as in other everyday situations), its cont directions and questions are given IP English -The scores on each section are calculated separately and range from S10 495. Thus, total scores on the TOEIC® range from 10 to 990. Why TOEIC’ Upgrade? OEIC Uparad isa comprenensive, up-to-dete QA0e Et the language and test-taking skils needed to ori ae your score on the TOEIC™ includes oe, toe and expianations of each question Pe ae vcogrs oni tenisns we 0s evsaral PT argos foreach. TOEIC® Upgrade fs one of iat epee prep books to prove ulinforaion SS ioe pages to the TOEIC® formal. Lammers Ta ee poneft rom the numerous test-taking UPS pear througrout te book as well as Hes Te ae rdoadabie practice txts at O0COTE Pee tis avaiable to students, and two ore Bice in oavonpre TOE unoredecorme eA 7=D wer key ane a complete ranscibt ofall testa, listening exercises andII. The New TOEIC’ In 2016, ETS made a number of changes to the format of the TOEIC®. Certain parts of the test have been reduced and others have been expanded. New question types have been introduced in both Listening and Reading, and new types of reading passages are now included. The purpose of these changes was to more accurately reflect the needs and goals of English users in modern contexts, However, the scoring method and scoring range of the TOEIC® remain the same, What follows is a summary of the contents of each part of the TOEIC*, including information about the recent changes to the test. Bonet questions about each Part Task No, of Questions Details and Changes Listen and Part 4: choose the best eee eee aes 6 Formerly 10 questions | each photo. Listen and pare choose the best : response to 25 + Formerly 30 questions Question-Response each question or statement. + Formerly 10 conversations —+ now 13 fm * Some conversations now include tena: | three speakers rather than just conversations oe Part 3: | and answer 3 S # i < Koni | Short Conversations | comprehension oe eel be: ere. One aETH speakers intended meaning each + New question type: Use the accompanying graphic and information from the conversation to find the correct answer. +10 short talks LN + New question type: Kent the — ee speaker’ intended meaning Short Talks comprehension eu ‘+ New question type: Use the accompanying graphic and information from the talk to find the correct answer.Geet kee een questions about each. Part Tas No. of Questions Choose the best | Part 5: | word(s) to fill in | aero words) tf | gy | «Format 40 questions Sega” sentence, Choose the Parte: best word(s) + Formerly 3 texts + now 4 Error Recognition or | or sentence to aa ‘+ New question type: Choose the Text Completion ‘complete each sentence that best completes the text (4 blanks per text. text) * Formerly 9 single passages, 2 to 5 questions each —* now 10 single passages, 2 to 4 questions each * Formerly 3 double passages —+ now 2 double passages, 5 questions —_| Read single eee Part 7: passages and | * New: 3 triple passages; 5 Reading sets of passages, ee | questions each ‘Comprehension and answer 2 to 5 + New: Some passages consist of text message or instant message chains. ‘+ New question type: Identify the writer's intended meaning. ‘+ New question type: Find the best place in the passage to insert a given sentence.I. How to Use This Book TOEIC® Upgrade can be used as a classroom text or for self-study. The book is divided into six main parts. (Parts 5 and 6 of the test are combined into one part of the book because they are closely related.) These parts are further divided into units that focus on different skills needed to succeed on the test. Each part of the book helps the learner systematically build toward mastery of one part of the TOEIC®, while providing ‘excellent practice in general English skils. Thus, itis not necessary to work through the book from beginning to end. You may choose to focus on the parts that are most suited to your (or your students’) needs. While all the parts of the book have a similar organization, each one also provides helpful features specific to that part of the TOEIC®. GENERAL FEATURES Each unit begins with a general explanation of the skills needed to answer test questions correctly. The information is separated into Points so that learners can focus on one test-taking skill ata time, Each Point comes with one or more authentic example test questions, plus Checkup exercises to ensure comprehension. ‘Answers to many Checkups are provided at the bottom of the page for easy reference. (Other answers are provided in the | Answer Key.) i ‘Throughout the book, lists of Essential Vocabulary relating to common topics on the TOEIC* are provided, along with Checkup exercises.After every unit, a Step-by-Step Practice Test helps learners to consolidate and assess what they've learned before moving ‘on to the next unit. Questions on these tests are ordered from ‘easier to more difficult, allowing learners to build confidence as they go along. Each part of the book ends with a Mini-Test—a slightly shorter version of that part of the TOEIC®. Learners are able to apply ‘what they've learned and gradually experience what itis actually like to take the TOEIC®, one part at a time. a ADDITIONAL FEATURES ‘The new TOEIC® includes several new question types in both Listening and Reading. Thus, one whole unit is devoted to introducing and explaining each new question type, complete with examples and exercises. In the Listening parts (1-4), numerous fil-in-the blank dictation © exercises help learners build their listening skills. Learners can listen to the audio files on the accompanying MP3 CD. To accurately reflect what learners will hear on the TOEIC®, the audio files include speakers with North American, British, and ‘Australian accents.As Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC® focus largely on grammar, each Unit in this part of the book provides thorough explanation and practice of an important grammar point. - _ Aseparate unit is devoted to each main genre of reading passage that appears in Part 7 of the TOEIC® (news articles, advertisements, e-mails, etc). Each is illustrated and explained according to its usual organization and the typical TOEIC” Questions that might follow it. A complete Transcript and Answer Key are provided in the form of a pull-out booklet. Three complete practice tests simulate the real TOEIC®, allowing learners to assess their level and prepare to take the test with confidence.TOEIC® 1V. For Teachers: Sample Syllabuses Upgrade provides a clear and convenient way to structure a test preparation course. The following sample syllabuses can easily be adapted to suit the specific needs of your class. syllabus A Week Listening Comprehension Reading Comprehension [Parts 5&6] Unit 1 Nouns +126 [Part 1] Unit 1 Photos with People in Focus * 18 en [Part 1] Unit 2 Photos with Objects & [Parts 5&6] Unit 3 Adjectives * 140 Backgrounds in Focus * 22 Unit 4 Adverbs = 146 [Parts 5&6] Unit 5 Number Agreement * 152 | [part 1] Unit 1 Who / What / Which + 32 Uae eer [Parts 5&6] Unit 7 Tense * 164 [Part 2] Unit 2 Where / When * 36 Unit 8 Todnfintives 172 | [parts 5&6] Unit 9 Gerunds * 178 [Part 2] Unit 3 How / Why + 40 Unit 10 Participles + 184 [Part 2] Unit 4 Yes/No Questions * 44 Unit 5 Alternative / Tag / Embedded Questions * 50 [Parts 5&6] Unit 11 Prepositions * 190 Unit 12 Conjunctions * 198 rts 5&6] Unit 13 Relative Pronouns & Relative Adverbs * 206 Unit 14 Complete Sentences +214 | [Part 2] Unit 6 Statements / Requests / Suggestions / Offers * 54 " 12 Midterm Exam ] tpart71 Unit 1 Reading for the Main Idea * 226 {Pert Unit 1 Main Queation Types» 64 Unit 2 Reading for Details * 228 | (rart7] Unit 3 Making inferences * 230 [part3] Unit 2 Business-Related Topics +70 | Tred pac ope aa FavaT oS Ba Suaie dated Tones | Pt ILS Pesca ies iednere eee Unit 4 Topics Related to Daily Life * 82 iit elserig'® aire: oe [Part 7] Unit 7 Letters & E-mails * 240 Unit 8 Announcements & Notices * 244 [Part 4] Unit 1 Main Question Types ° 82 [Part 4] Unit 2 Recorded Messages / [part 7] Unit 9 News Articles * 248 ‘Announcements / Speeches * 98 Unit 10 Advertisements * 252 [part 7] Unit 11 Non-Prose Readings * 258 [Part 4 Unit 3 Broadeasting Talks *104 aie | Tra Unt + Advertsemonts Tou Guidance | pan 7] yt 18 Tle Patsaes 258 | Final ExamSyllabus B Listening Comprehension Reading Comprehension [Part 1] Unit 1 Photos with People in Focus + 16 {Parts 5&6) Unit 1 Nouns +126 [Part 7] Unit 1 Reading for the Main Idea + 226 (Part 2] Unit 1 Who / What / Which * 32 [Parts 5&6] Unit 2 Pronouns + 132 [Part 7] Unit 2 Reading for Details «228 [Part 3] Unit 1 Main Question Types * 64 [Parts 5&6] Unit 3 Adjectives * 140 [Part 7] Unit 3 Making Inferences + 230 [Part 4] Unit 1 Main Question Types * 92 {Parts 5&6] Unit 4 Adverbs * 146 [Part 7] Unit 4 Finding Synonyms + 232 {[Part2] Unit 2 Where / When * 36 [Parts 5&6] Unit 5 Number Agreement 152 {Part 7] Unit 5 Reading for the Intended Meaning - 234 [Part 3] Unit 2 Business-Related Topics * 70 [Parts 5&6] Unit 6 Voice * 158 [Part 7] Unit 6 Inserting a Sentence + 236 [Part 4] Unit 2 Recorded Messages / Announcements / Speeches * 98 [Parts 5&6] Unit 7 Tense * 164 {Part 7] Unit 7 Letters & E-mails * 240 Midterm Exam [Part 1] Unit 2 Photos with Objects & Backgrounds in Focus * 22 [Parts § &6] Unit 8 To-infinitives * 172 [Part 7] Unit 8 Announcements & Notices 244 10 [Part 2] Unit 3 How / Why * 40 Unit 4 Yes/No Questions » 44 [Parts 5&6] Unit 9 Gerunds * 178 [Part 7] Unit 9 News Articles * 248 " {Part 3] Unit 3 Purchase- Related Topics * 76 [Parts 5&6] Unit 10 Participles 184 [Part 7] Unit 10 Advertisements * 252 2 [Part 4] Unit 3 Broadcasting Talks * 104 (Parts 5&6] Unit 11 Prepositions * 190 [Part 7] Unit 11 Non-Prose Readings * 258 13 [Part 2] Unit 5 Alternative / Tag / Embedded * 50 Unit 6 Statements / Requests / Suggestions / Offers 54 [Parts 5&6] Unit 12 Conjunctions - 198 {Part 7] Unit 12 Double Passages * 262 14 [Part 3] Unit 4 Topics Related to Daily Life + 82 [Parts 5&6] Unit 13 Relative Pronouns & Relative Adverbs 206 [Part7] Unit 13 Triple Passages * 268 15 [Part 4] Unit 4 Advertisements / Tour Guidance +110 [Parts 5&6] Unit 14 Complete Sentences «214 Final ExamV. For Learners: Getting Ready for the TOEIC’ Tips for Studying Make a study schedule and follow it. Even if you are enrolled in a TOEIC® class, it is a good idea to do some extra studying on your own. Self- study works best when you do it according to a schedule. Many students find it useful to study for about an hour a day, focusing on a different objective each day—for example, vocabulary on Monday, reading practice on Tuesday, etc. Keep track of any language points and skills that you find difficult. Review those parts of TOEIC® Upgrade. Use English in different ways. since the TOEIC® tests general English ablity, you can improve your score by practicing your English in a wie varity of ways. There is an enormous range of language material in English from beginner to advanced levels. To improve your reading skils, find books, articles, websites, and even comics on subjects that interest you. For listening practice, radio, TV; movies, podcasts, online videos, and audio books are all useful Try to find materials that are slightly above your current level. If the material is too easy or too difficult, you may quickly lose interest or become frustrated. The perfect learning materials introduce you to new language while also being enjoyable. Listen to different accents. ‘The TOEIC® is a test of international English, and the speakers on the Listening section have varied accents (North American, British, and Australian). The audio files for TOEIC* Upgrade include speakers with all of these accents. If any of them are unfamiliar or difficult for you, spend some time repeating ‘and listening to those files, Also seek out additional listening materials recorded by speakers with those accents. Study synonyms. Only Parts 6 and 7 of the TOEIC® directly test vocabulary, but building your vocabulary will improve your performance on every part of the test. Learning synonyms for common words is especially useful. For Sxample, a talk in Part 4 might use the word “leave,” but the correct answer might use the word “depart.” As you work through the book, keep a vocabulary notebook and take special note of the synonyms of important words.Take the practice tests and time yourself. TOEIC* Upgrade comes with a complete practice test that learners can download. At least a few weeks before you take the TOEIC®, find a quiet place with no distractions and do the practice test from begi to end. Play the recording for the Listening section without stopping, while writing down your answers. Then complete the Reading section with a 75-minute time limit. Do not take any breaks, use a dictionary, or look at the answer key until you are done. Afterward, check your answers and identify which parts of the test are the most challenging for you. You ‘can then focus your studies on those areas. ing Tips for Taking the TOEIC” On test day, arrive early and come prepared. Taking a testis stressful. Don't add to your stress by having to rush. Plan to arrive at the testing center well before the test starts. The testing center may provide pencils and erasers, but bring your own pencils and erasers. I's a good idea to bring at least two pencils, an eraser, and a watch. Read the questions first. During the Listening section, you can read the questions before the recording plays. This will help you listen for the important information. Also, in the Reading section, check the questions before reading the passage, so that you know what information to look for. Manage your time carefully, and answer all questions. During the Listening section, be sure not to hesitate too long if you are not sure of the answer. You can easily fall behind. If you do not know the answer, quickly make your best guess and then move on In the Reading section (75 minutes), be careful not to spend too much time on Parts 5 and 6. Leave {enough time to work on Part 7. It is often recommended to spend about 25 minutes on Parts 5 and 6 (Faking the practice test wil help you find out how much time you need for each section.) Do not leave any questions blank. If time is running out and you are not sure of an answer, then guess.Listening ComprehensionPhotographs Partlof the TOEIC® consists of 6 photograph description questions. You will hear four answer choices for each picture. The four statements are not printed on the test paper. You will have to listen to them carefully and choose the statement that describes each picture best. UNIT 01 Photos with People in Focus UNIT 02 Photos with Objects & Backgrounds in FocusPhotos with People in Focus When you first see photos with people, you should determine how many people there are in a picture and l00k carefully to find out who they are, where they are, and what they are doing, Point 1_* Photos with One Person in Focus nit Focus It there is only one person in the picture, then the person is the focus of the picture. You should focus on the person's actions and appearance. More specifically, you should focus on what the person is looking at, holding, doing, and wearing. a” Checkup 1.1] Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. o& Where is she? = She is (in / outside) an office. %& What is she wearing? — She is wearing a (sleeveless / short-sleeved) blouse. % What is she doing? = She is (looking / pointing) at a monitor. Listen and mark the best answer. Gm a (6) © ©) \erm Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. Where is she? = She is in a (car / garage). % What is she wearing? = She is wearing (a suit / a sweater and jeans). %* What is she doing? — She is putting on her (coat / seat belt Listen and mark the best answer. Gz a) (8) (c) (0) METER cin, stort stoves ooking ERE cara seater and jeans, seatbelt 16 LeparrsPoint 2_* Photos with Two or More People in Focus i wo'or More People in Focus = 'n photos with two people or more, the statement describing their common actions or appearances ss] usually tends to be the correct answer. However, sometimes a statement that describes objects in the picture or the background is the correct answer. = \erm Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. 3 % Who is in the picture? 2 — Aman and (a professor / an audience). & % Where are they? = Ina (lecture hall / hallway). % What is the man doing? He is (speaking to / joining) the audience. a %* What is the audience doing? = They are (waiting for / listening to) the speaker. Listen and mark the best answer. a= A ® co) (0) \ermmm= Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. %& Who is in the picture? = Awaitress and a (family / couple) % Where are they? = Ina (restaurant / store). * What is the waitress doing? — She is standing and holding a (menu / pad and pen). % What is the man holding? > The man is holding a (menu / fork) Listen and mark the best answer Bee) 0. oO MERI ea an scence ect hat, speaking, etenng oI cope eta pad and pe, meu moos 17Key Grammar in Listening Point1 * Present Progressive Tense present progressive tense. The present progressive In Part 1, each statement is usually phrased in the describes an tense is used to describe the actions of the people in each photograph. This verb tense action that is happening now and is not finished. | “Singular subject + is + verb + -ing Plural subject + are + verb + -ing | ‘She walking to the bus stop. They listening to music. He area driving a car. ‘Two people 5 ele facing each other. One person standing on the street. ‘Some people leaning against the wall. Awoman cleaning the floor. All the people looking at the mountain. Point2 * Subjects in Statements in Part 1 Inthe statements in Part 1, the subject Is said first, and this will tell you who is being talked about. Listening for the subject will help you choose the correct answer. Singular Plural They are ~. ‘Two/Both (people) are ~ ‘Some (people) are ~. All of the (people) are ~. He/She is ~ A man/woman is ~ ‘One (person) is ~. ‘One of the (people) is ~. * Singular He is carrying a camera around his neck. She is pointing with her finger. * Plural ‘They are wearing sunglasses and hats. ‘Two people are checking a map.\ GEE Listen and fi in the blanks. Then circle T or F. a= (A) Awoman __ her cell phone. (T/F) (B) Several people __ on the bus. (T/F) (©) Awoman a newspaper. (T/F) (2) Aman______off the bus. (T/F) (A) They inthe library. (T/F) (8) They their arms on the table, (TF) (©) Aboy a short-sleeved T-shirt (TF) (D) One of the boys __ next to the table. (T/F) Essential Vocabulary Action Verbs for Part! carry enter lift load mend reach (for) rest stare (at) stroll try on \emrm Fill in each blank with the right form of the appropriate word from the box. board load pour reach for _—stareat_— stroll, ~— try on 1. Theboyis _____water into a glass. 2 Aworkeris___ something on a high shelf 3. The women are 2 painting on wall 4, Passengers are waiting to __a train 5. Acoupleis__ through a flower garden ae FS FS ES Eeep-by-Step Practice Test ‘Step A Listen and mark the best answer.Step C Listen and mark the best answer. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a ®) © (0) Ma ‘* some boxes. _ some cauve A) (8) © (2) "in a supermarket. (©) They're for (©) They're "some fruit. (0) They're __®at each other. WECEIEEN irjering §— cart a) oacing —_4)arranging 6) products (6) wearing E11) shonning — (paying (3) groceries (4)eating (6) looking Photographs 24Photos with Objects & Backgrounds in Focus In Part 1 of the TOEIC, six photos appear. Generally, one of those photos will not have any people in it. However, recent TOEIC tests have presented more photos with people and things together in them. Pointi * Photos with No People ‘There are no people in the picture. The focus of the picture is objects. You need to pay attention to the things in the photo and where they are located. \ezum Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. + Where are the things in the photo? — They are in a (park / city street). %* What thing or things stand out in the photo? = There is a statue and many (people / flowers) % What is in the background? — There are tall trees, buildings, and a (cloudy / clear) sky. Listen and mark the best answer. Gz “© 8 © oO \GEEEIEEE 100k at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. o& What are the things in the photo? — Desks, office chairs, and (shelves / boxes). % What thing or things stand out in the photo? — There are shelves filled with (books / binders). % What is in the background? — There is a plant on top of a (bookshelf / desk). Listen and mark the best answer. Gm Sao © oO MEE mare, ttowers, 22 LePART 1 EEE shelves, binders, bookshelfPoint2_* Photos with People and Objects Most photos in Part 1 of the TOEIC have both people and things in them. Some of these photos focus on the objects and background, rather than on the people. When dealing with this type of picture, however, you should focus not only on the things, but also on the people at the same time. eT) OY Checkup 2.1] Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. % Where are the people and things in the photo? — They are in a (café / bookstore). z % Who is in the photo? What are they doing? = Several customers are standing and looking at (books / papers) + What thing or things stand out in the photo? a + Many books are arranged (in windows / on display tables). Listen and mark the best answer. Gp a ®) © oO \ GERI Look at the picture and circle the word or words that best describe it. a + Where are the people and things in the photo? = They are at a (water park / lake). %* What thing or things stand out in the photo? What else is in the photo? = There is a boat on the lake near the (pier / shore). — There are many (tall trees / people) on the shore. Listen and mark the best answer. Gm a 8) © (2) [EBD bocktorebooks, on spay ables / EI ak, shor, tal wees rowaums 23yr Key Grammar in Listening Point * Passive Voice Objects and backgrounds in the photos in Part 1 are often described in the passive voice. The most ‘common tenses of passive-voice verbs in Part 1 are the present simple, present progressive, and present perfect. In photos with no people, the answer choice with a passive-voice verb in the present progressive is usually false. This is because no one is doing any action in the photo. Passive Voice: be + past participle Present Tense is/are + past participle ‘The road is covered with snow. Books are placed on the table. Present Progressive Tense is/are + being + past participle Acar is being repaired by a mechanic. Plants are being planted in a garden. Present Perfect Tense has/have + been + past participle Apicture has been hung on the wall Some boxes have been piled up on the floor. 24 LepaRr (A) Dresses are being sewn. (F) No one is sewing in the photo. (B) Garments are being displayed. (7) (C) Customers are being helped. > There is only one person in the photo. (F) (D) Clothing is being folded. (F) No one is folding clothes.isten and fill in the blanks. Then circle T or F. Gm (A) The has been (1/F) (8) A chair has been up. (T/F) ()A__is__by the water. (T/F) (©) There are _ people __ the lake. (T/F) (A) Acomputer ee 2 by the window. (T/F) (®) ___havebeen_____tothe wall. (T/F) (©) ____ are scattered on the floor. (T/F) (0) There is a chair in of a computer. (T/F) Essential Vocabulary Key Nouns for Part! mm aisle (shopping) cart container document display case gadget grass / lawn luggage / baggage office supplies. path platform schedule shelf stairway traffic signal / trattic light \e=m aisle baggage document grass. platform —shelf_ traffic light each blank with the appropriate word from the box. 1. The passengers’ is being loaded onto the bus. 2. People on the are waiting to get on the train. 3. A woman is sitting at a desk and reading a(n) . Aman is mowing the in front of a house. Several cars are stopped at the z PS EA |Step-by-Step Practice Test Step A Listen and mark the best answer. Gz (A) ‘Step B Listen and mark the best answer. Gimp (A) 8) © (0) a) ®) © ) 26 LePARTSStep C Listen and mark the best answer, Then listen again and fill in the blanks. (A) The house has _ (B) The gate has been _ (©) Flowers have (0) There are “ (©) Cars are ———— (0) A driver is getting into a car. EE aiiivo Boy tate (2) stores 2 stopped (8) opened (9 being (@ covered (5) root (4) owes a ) (c) “ ®) © —" along the street. —" side by side. (@ clouds (Vehicles (6) parked oO (o) Photographs 27 etry uve e1uvdMini-Test: Part | Listen and mark the best answer. 28 \opanT =naeListening ComprehensionQuestion-Response Part 2 of the TOEIC® consists of 25 items. For each item, you will hear a short question or statement, followed by three responses, You are asked to mark the best response. There is a short pause between each item. You will hear each item only one time. UNIT 01 UNIT 02 UNIT 03 UNIT 04 UNIT 05 UNIT 06 Who-What-Which Where-When How-Why Yes/No Questions Alternative / Tag / Embedded Questions Statements / Requests / Suggestions / Offers* unit {| * atone aterm dalle) Wh- questions account for about half of the twenty-five questions in Part 2 of the TOEIC. Wh- questions start with who, what, which, where, when, why, whose, and how. These questions ask for specific information to identify people, opinions, choices, locations, time, reasons, and methods. This type of question cannot be answered with yes or no. Q. Who is going to take charge when Mr. Hale leaves? > We don't know yet. (/) / Yes, he certainly is. (x) Pointi * Who Questions The most direct answer to this type of question is given in the form of a person's name or a personal pronoun, However, other correct responses may be in the form of titles, department names, or company names. In a few cases, the correct answer is indirect and includes none of these. (EQN A Person's Name or a Personal Pronoun Q. Who is going to pick up the manager at the airport? > Mr. Jackson will, / Actually, | will pick him up. [ECEIEAIA Title, Department Name, or Company Name Q. Who's in charge of this project? = The general manager of the personnel department. / The marketing department takes care of it. Indirect Answers Q. Who has a copy of the document? = Ihave no idea. / Let me check that for you. \a==m Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. A (8) Lo) Who will © the © team? (A) Heis a book. (8) r'mnot ‘, (©) The__'is on the team. HEDIIEE ey teos eysccomina reading sre) accountant 32 Lopanr2Point2_* What Questions z tons 5 The answer choices to what questions are so diverse that a high level of listening comprehension and a understanding is required to answer them. This type of question often begins with What + noun. Examples “ include “What time ...2” and “What kind of ...2" In these cases, itis important to catch the words after FS What. Most answers to what questions involve elther providing information or giving an opinion. a [EXXEIEEEI Providing Information $ Q1. What did she do during the weekend? 4 = She went grocery shopping. / She did work at home. 2, What time does the plane arrive? = Around 2 o'clock. [ESSE Giving an Opinion : Q. What do you think of his proposal? : “+ | don’t think it will work, /'m very impressed. a \emm Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. EE Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a ®) ( Ly What do you of the (A) Itis very 1, (8) He__ me to go there. (CS rity a.” 2 of advice. Diwink (ey aavce heb advised Some) pice mm Question Response 33Point3 * Which Questions Which questions ask listeners to choose among two oF more options. These questions usually begin with Which + noun. The correct answer may be one of the options given in the question. Other correct answers may include either, neither, or ! don't know. [EEXESICIEA Specific Thing ‘Qt. Which department in this company is the biggest? +. Marketing has the most people. / Probably sales. ‘2. Which day would be best for our meeting? = {have time on Wednesday. / Let's make it Friday. [LEENA Both, Either, or Neither ‘Qt. Which bag would you prefer, the biue or the red? = Both are nice. / | like neither of them. @2. Which do you wear, glasses or contact lenses? = | don't wear either. / have both, actually. [LDEXIENEI Indirect Answers '@. Which restaurant stays open late in the ‘evening? = I'm not sure. / Why: don't you ask Jenny? \emra Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a ® © Which —___—" are you meg yethettiain = "1s over there. (@) Lam taking the (© train to London. (G) The are too diol, BEE roe ning estan ores ee 34 EPART 2Lave Step-by-Step Practice Test ‘Step A Listen and mark the best response. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. 1A @® © G@iE==D zLuvd a © was of the company? (A) For the election. (8) That is a birthday present. (©) Mr. White was. 20 © © Gi=nD a 1 would you like to (A) | want a sandwich. (8) No, she didn't say anything. (C) The launch is next week. 2A @® © GED pine ‘ task on the ___® should we do first? (A) OK, I'll ___ that to the schedule. (B) We're going to be ___ busy, (©) The sales report is the most Step B Listen and mark the best response. am 1A 8 © 20 8 © 20 ® © 4A @ © REE cn wo apetected a) presicent CH (1) What — (order unch CHV) Which (schedule (@)add_— (extremely (5) urgent austonteme 95Warelecmen datos) Point1 * Where Questions In response to a where question, most answers are related to locations or directions. Correct answers often include prepositions of place, such as at, in, on, near, etc. [EXE Place / Location Q1. Where can | buy some printing paper? = Ata stationery store. Q2, Where is your new office located? = It's downtown, near the bus station. [ESE Directions Q1. Where is the nearest convenience store? — Cross the street and walk two blocks. 2, Where can | get the bus to city hall? + Go straight for one block. [CCENIEGED Indirect Answers Q. Where is the upcoming seminar held? = Susan may know. / have no idea. / Actually, i's been canceled. \E==m Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a 8 © Where should | © this _ (A) Inthe (in the country. (8) You should _ © 9 the _ HEDIS iiteave 2) document (afternoon 4) ve (5) With (6) receptionist aPoint2_* When Questions ele teiaihacahind s a With a when question, you should pay attention to the tense of the question. When the question is talking - about what happened in the past, you should not choose an answer phrased in the present or the future a FS tense. E The correct response to a when question is usually an exact time or an approximate time. These are N frequently expressed as preposition + time and may refer to times of day, days of the week, months, or years. z EXSICGEE Exact Time Q1. When did Mrs. Smith leave on her trip? 7 At 8:30 a.m. / About ten minutes ago. Q2. When is your birthday? = On April 16th. [EQS Approximate Time Q. When is Mr. White coming back? — By Tuesday, | think. / Probably later this month. / In the spring of 2017. — Not until he gets a contract. EXETER Indirect Answers Q. When is the president visiting the New York branch? = Let me check with his secretary. / A date hasn't been chosen yet. \e=m=s Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. HE Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a) (8) (Cc) When will you finish the (A) Thanks for your __ (B) By next (©) Yes, | will __ Do: Osteen 97Similar-Sounding Words I Incorrect answer choices sometimes include statement. For example, you may hear the question answer choice “Here is the copy you asked for.” The words listen carefully to differentiate these two words. Listen carefully to differentiate words that sound alike. words that sound similar to the key words in the question or “Could you get me a cup of coffee?” followed by the coffee and copy sound similar, so you need to a= | | Here is my home address. address vs. dress | He usually wears casual dress in the office | Do you want some coffee while you wait? cofee Sete ‘She made a copy of the report. | We'll contact you by e-mail or telephone. contact vs. contract | Th. company made a contract with the customer. He is designing the equipment. design vs. resign | The supervisor is resigning from the board, The assistant put the files in the cabinet. alesse ve ‘There is a pile of books on the desk. ‘The worker is climbing the ladder. Li aaaaat The author is writing a letter. The company will launch a new product soon. teeene nate Are you ready to go out for lunch? He leaves for work early in the morning, eee ees. He lives near the office. e “The price of the product is too high. cease bore She received a prize for her hard work. He walks through the park. pace wont’ He works at a factory. \emmm 1. Who can make a __ of this? isten and fill in the blanks. 2. Where did she put the a 3. When will the company the new printer? a When did you get the 5. Are you for New York soon?Step-by-Step Practice Test 1 wave ‘Step A Listen and mark the best response. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. 1. (A) @ © Gam Pat] 1 will we the (A) You can contact me at this number. (6) I'm available on Thursday. (C) Yes, | have. canigeta___* a é (A) There's not enough time. (B) Atthe front desk (©) Milk, but no sugar, please 20 8 © GED ‘" should |___® these boxes? (A) On the 1, (8) Peter__ nearby, (©) At 12 o'clock, Step B Listen and mark the best response. am 1A 8 © 2A ® © 20 © © 4A 8 © MEDI cx ry vnen — eyciscuss Gy contract CED MWhee eicony a) tmetbie CEL) Were leave — desk) ves custontepmee 59Pe t1 * How Questions How questions are used to ask about a method, a means, a state, or an opi questions like “How many/much ... 2” or “How long adjective or adverb after How. n. Also, you will often hear 2” In this case, you need to pay attention to the EXEGGEN Method Q._ How do you usually go to work? — | usually go there by car. / Either by bus or by subway. EGESIEGEA Opinion Q. How do you like your new job? — It's very stressful. /| like working there. [ENISIEE] How + adjective / adverb ~? Q1. How long have you worked for the company? = About two months. / Since 2014. 2, How many students are there in the classroom? — More than forty. / At least twenty-five, Q3. How often do you go to the movies? = Once a week. / | hardly ever do. \e=m Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. GED Then listen again and fill in the blanks. “~ 8 © How long will it to ® the project? @ ® two hours. (B) The project isnt_ yet. (©) We have to wait a 9, MEE 10) take ytinshayAbcut 4 isos 5) inte 40 wceanr2Point2 * Why Question: Why questions ask about a reason or a purpose, so the answer will be the reason or the purpose for something. That's why people tend to pick answer options with because, because of, or due to as the answer to this type of question. However, in many cases, this type of answer option can be misleading. Therefore, it is important to listen carefully to the question and all the answer options before marking your rath response. [MSIE Because / Because of / Due to Q1. Why were you late for the meeting? + Because of (= Due to) the heavy traffic. / The traffic was heavy. Q2. Why is the road blocked off? + Because there was an accident. / There was an accident. (ECE Purpose Q1. Why has the workshop been relocated? — In order to accommodate more people. / For people’s convenience, 2. Why do you get up so early? — To go jogging before work. / like to go jogging before work. [CETTE Indirect Answers Q. Why can't | access my bank account now? + Let me try to find the problem. / Why don't you call the Customer Support Division? \e==s: Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. HE Then listen again and fil in the blanks. A) ®) ( Why are you waiting in (A) There's a long (8) To a movie (© Yes, she is (9 for you XENI Giiiiine ine (3) vy (ay ticket (5) waiting austen tapes 41Pronunciation: American vs. British amp 4. Flap: Pronunciation of /t/ and /d/ between Tees a vowels: bottom | /barem/ Pater) ‘One of the characteristics of American pronunciation letter lerer! Pletal is the “flap” phenomenon. This applies to the water _|/'worer, wa'rer!| wate! ‘consonants /t/ and /d/ when they occur between \ vowels, and when the second vowel is unstressed. “The two sounds are both voiced and pronounced softy, like a very quick /A/ sound, By contrast, in British pronunciation, the consonants /t/ and /d/ keep their original phonetic properties in these cases. 2. Pronunciation of /tn/ Aaa British in American English, the sound /t/in /tn/ is often button | bnteni ont(a)n/ not heard, whereas in British English the /tn/ is. Taatkane] eae ARCO articulated, s0 the // sound can be heard clearly. written retten’ | _Fet(oynd Pronunciation of /nt/ In American English, when /nt/is pronounced, ‘vis [ ‘American British hardly heard, whereas in British English the /nt/is sdvantage | /ed vemneds/ | fed ‘vanteds! articulated, so that the /t/ sound can be heard clearly. interview | /anervjul Panteviul went! \GQXEM Listen and fil in the blanks. Om 1. He is writing a business at his desk. 2. Awoman is standing at the ___of the stairs. 3. Please submit the request in __ _ form. 4, She's pushing a _ 5. She has a job _ this afternoon. of the program. 6. About thirty percent of workers have takenStep-by-Step Practice Te 5 ‘Step A Listen and mark the best response. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. 5 1) ® © GE avd "are the ____on in the house? (A) Yes, that's right. (8) The switch is by the door. (©) Ihave no idea. 2” 8 © Gm a will you (A) It went well. (8) I'm going to drive. (©) Some pens and a T-shirt. 2A 8 © ax How ___" will it take to__® to New York? A) Five hours by _ (©) Forajob__, (Cc) ____®the next month, Step B Listen and mark the best response. Gm 1A 8 © 20 ® © Be A ey NG) 40 ® © EEE cy toms CEA) How —@oet_—_Ghoonterence CEI ong eget) pater (5) Win a (ueston-Response 43,Yes/No Questions Yes/no questions in Part 2 of the TOEIC include a variety of questions starting with be forms (am / are / is / was / were) and other auxiliaries (do / have / will / can, etc.) Questions beginning with these words can be answered with yes or no. However, not all correct answers will begin with yes or no. Therefore, you must listen carefully to the end in order to check whether the subject and tense in the question matches those in the answer options, and if the response makes sense. Point1 * Questions Starting with Be (CUESIGIEN Progressive Tense Meaning Ongoing Action Q. Is he stil talking on the phone? AM: Yes, it's already been half an hour. (es / no) A2: He's preparing for the weekly meeting. (without yes / no) ‘AB: | don't know. (other) [CIEEEEME Progressive Tense Meaning Near Future Q. Are you attending the welcome party for the new president? ‘AA: No, 'm not planning to. (yes /1n0) ‘A2: | wasn't invited to the party. (without yes / no) (QQESIEMED Are/Is there ~? Q. Is there an easy way to get to the airport? At: Yes, there is. (yes / no) ‘A2: The only good way is to drive there. (without yes / no) ‘AS: Why don't you take a taxi? (other) \e=1 Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. ES Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a ®) () Is there anyone who can Spanish? (A) No, she's ® Spain. (8) Fora (C) Ms. Parker in the HEE 1) speak 2) trom (a) job (interview (6) marketing (6) department 44 \ceanr2Point2 * Questions Starti ing wi h Other Auxil lary Verb: [CTESICIED With Do Q. Does she like her new apartment? AI: Yes, she certainly does. (yes / no) : She is not that happy with it. (without yes / no) Why don't you ask her? (other) \e=mm Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a ®) (c) Did you _ "my easily? (A) Yes, it was. two years ago. (8) Inthe department. (©) No, it ‘© some time. (CTESIGGEA With Have Q. Have you ever been to Paris? ‘At: No, never. (yes / no) ‘A2: Twice, on business. (without yes / no) ‘AS: Not since | was a baby. (other) \emm= Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a) ®) © Have you met the © director before? (A) The 8 were good before. (©) I didn't the (©) No, | don't think so. EEE a )tin apartment (3) founded (4) accounting (6) took CHAM sales sais mect (4) daa Question-Response 45[QUES] With Modal Verbs Q. Will Jane pick up the sales director at the airport? ‘AA: No, | will take care of him. (yes / no) ‘A2: She's already at the airport. (without yes / no) ‘A3: | haven't heard anything about that. (other) . Can | get you something to drink? At: Yes, please. (yes /no) ‘A2: Do you have some milk? (without yes / no) ‘AS: Jenny wants a glass of cold water. (other) . Should we advertise our new book online? ‘AA: No, | don't think it's a good idea. (yes / no) ‘A2: Sounds great. (without yes /'no) ‘A: You should ask the marketing director. (other) Q. May | leave a message with Mr. Hinkel? ‘AA: Yes, what is your name? (yes / no) ‘A2: Sure, go ahead. (without yes / no) ‘A3: Hold on, please. (other) | Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. HED Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a ® © ( you like to take a__® during the lunch A) I don't like to \ after lunch. (8) How___" spaghetti? (C= igreat, EER Would (2) walk (8) break 4) work (S)about (6) Sounds 46 wceant2Point3_* Negative Question z Negative questions, which start with a negative contraction like Aren't, Don’t, Haven't, or Won't, commonly z sound confusing to learners. However, keep in mind that you should answer negative questions exactly the fl same way as you would answer a regular question FS i In other words, answer a negative question as if it weren't negative. When the answer to a question N is affirmative, the answer is some form of yes. When the answer to a question is negative, the answer is. ‘some form of no. Q. Aren't you supposed to visit the dental clinic this afternoon? 3 ‘At: Yes, | will eave soon, (You do have a dental appointment.) ‘A2: No, cancelled it. (You don't have a dental appointment.) . Q. Don't you feel tired after your long walk? z ‘AA: Yes, Ineed some rest. (You do feel tired.) No, not really. (You don’t feel tired.) \e=m Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. JEEED Then listen again and fill in the blanks. A (8) © cae "you visit the ® this time? (A) No, | don’t have time to do that. (8) The__is great. (©) tam. the music hall EEE Sirywont eymuseum (exhibition (4 visting ston tee 47Tips for Success ming for a Higher Score @ Tip 1. Why: Asking for a Reason vs. Making a Suggest 4. Asking for a Reason You cannot answer this question with yes or no. Q. Why didn't the movie director attend the ceremony? + He had a prior appointment. (/) = Yes, let's do that. (x) 2. Making a Suggestion “These types of questions usually indicate suggestions: Why don't you ~ ?/ Why don't we ~ ? Q. Why don't you check the job advertisements on the website? = OK, that’s a good idea. (V7) = Because | am looking for a job. (X) Q. Why don't we have a meeting after lunch? = Yes, let's do that. (V) = I'lltake the subway. (x) @ Tip 2. Answers Expressing Uncertainty The response to any question can be “I don’t know.” or “I'm not sure.” Here are more common ways to express uncertainty. | don't know for sure. Let me check. Ihave no idea. It depends. Not that I know of They haven't decided yet. | can't remember. ‘That hasn't been decided yet.Step-by-Step Practice Test Laue Step A Listen and mark the best response. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. 1. (A) ®) © aEx=D> 2 FS 3 | re Are ___"" for the show still (A) lused one sheet of paper. (8) There are two in the front row. (©) Everyone enjoyed the show. 24 6 © GE o that ___ heavy? 2 (A) It hasn't been decided yet. (8) | can manage. (©) We started packing yesterday. 2A 8 © GE Do new _" get any (A) lalready _® that, (8) We _“atten-percent (©) Inthe __® department, Step B Listen and mark the best response. Gz 1A @® © 20 8 © 20 8® © 4A 68 © EBD seats havaable (C2 (Hien a package CEI) members 2) denatts —_@) knew ——(Aoffer—-(H)dscount (6) benefits Queston-Response 49Point1 * Alternative Questions Aiternative questions ask listeners to choose one of two things, A or B. The answer is usually one of the ‘two things, but it can also be both or neither. Sometimes a third choice can be the answer. Part 2 of the TOEIC tests you on the different types of answers to alternative questions. EXEIIEI A or B Q. Would you like coffee or tea? — Tea’s fine, thanks. / Tea with milk, please. [CSTE Restating A or B @. Can you do it by yourself or do you need any help? — Thanks for asking, but | can manage myself. / I'd appreciate it if you could give me a hand. [EXISTE Neither A nor B Q. Are you going to call James or send him an e-mail? = |'ll meet him in person tonight. / Clara will take care of that. [EQS Either A or B / Both A and B Q. What time do you want me to pick you up, at 2 or at 3 p.m.? = Either is OK. /It's up to you. ‘Q. Would you lke a pen or a pencil? “+ Either is fine with me, / Could | have both? \emm Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a 8 © Did Bill come sonal (A) Imet him at the (8) Yes, he did. (©) He MEI 101) by ahtraining (session (4) took (6) express 50 Lcpanr2Point2_* Tag Questio A speaker uses a tag question to get confirmation or agreement from the listener. Tag questions appear ater a statement and are formed by an auxiliary + a subject pronoun. If the statement is affirmative, = the tag question is usually negative. If the statement is negative, the tag question is usually affirmative. FS Tag questions are yes/no questions. If the answer is affirmative, the response is some form of yes. If the a ‘answer is negative, the response is some form of no. (CCSUCTEN Affirmative Q. The meeting has finished, hasn't it? = Yes, it was over before lunch. S = Ithas, why [are you asking]? = I believe so. (EXSIE Negative Q. Mary isn't leaving the compan No, she changed her mind. — No, she decided to stay at the firm. = Not that | know of. is she? [EXESINET Indirect Answers Q. We're going to get a bonus next month, aren't we? = Actually, it's still uncertain. / | have no idea. \e=m Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. CEES Then listen again and fill in the blanks. A 6) © ‘The sales ‘went down last month, (A) They were not = (8) Yes, by five percent. (C) No, they didn’t go __ BBM faures didnt (Gon sale (5) there| Point 3_ «Embedded Questions } | ‘An embedded question is a question within another question. Embedded questions typically combine Do you know ~ ? or Do you think ~ ? with a Wh- question: “Do you know where he's from?” or “Where do I you think he's from?” ([QUESIEIED Do you know ~ ? + Wh- question @. Do you know when she is coming back? + Yes, she is returning on Friday. / Isn't it today? / 'm not sure. / Ask her secretary. [QUES Do you think ~ ? + Wh- question Q. Why do you think Mr. Jackson is leaving the company? — As far as | know, he wants to run his own business. — I have no idea. / Nobody knows why. / Why don't you ask him yourself? Responses to Embedded Questions 'm not sure. Let me think about it. I was about to ask you that. It hasn't been announced yet. ‘Why don't you ask the supervisor? ‘The manager may know about it. Q. Do you know who broke the window? A. Iwas about to ask you that. \e=r Listen and mark the best response to the question or statement. Then listen again and fill in the blanks. a 8) © Who do you think will be ___" to manager this time? (A) No, I don't (8) Ihave no (©) lam the Dt) promoted ()ihink idea 4) manager 52 Lepanr2