PROFESSIONS

OF SOCIAL SCIENTISTS

SOCIAL SCIENTISTS WHAT DO THEY DO?

A social scientist is an expert in or student of human society and social relationships, or

any subject within this field, such as economics or politics.
As a field of study, social sciences seeks to explain and understand the nature of human
experiences and the different mechanisms that operate in every society.
they're practitioners of the social sciences, have different careers depending on their
respective degrees and specialization.

FIELDS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

ECONOMICS
Economics study the optimum allocation of scarce resources and how individuals
interact within the social structure to address issue on production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services.
They try to explain the question of "who gets what and why."
They ask questions regarding how resources are allocated.
some of the questions that economists to deal with focus on the use and distribution of
the different resources in various economic systems.

WELL KNOWN ECONOMISTS

ADAM SMITH EDITH ABBOTT

 ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropologists study culture in the past and present time. To understand the
complexity of cultures across all of of human history, anthropology draws and builds
upon knowledge from the social and biological sciences that as well as the humanities
and physical sciences.
A major concern of anthropologists is the application of knowledge to solve human
problems. It explains how people in other societies live and effects of their
environments to their respective lifestyle.
Anthropologists study culture. They are involved in different endeavors that develop
case histories of various tribal and ethnic groups and descriptive accounts of the mores
and patterns of people.

THREE METHODS USED BY ANTHROPOLOGISTS IN CONDUCTING

STUDIES
1.) Indirect observation- Use of maps, cenus, writings of previous investigators,
examinations of artifacts, intervews with formats.
2.) Direct observation- Use of direct observation by taking down field notes,
photographs, voice recording,, or video recording.
3.) Participant observation- Participant observer attemps to join the study. he/she learns
the language and customs of a group.
WELL KNOWN ANTHROPOLOGISTS

RUTH BENEDICT LOUIS LEAKY

 HISTORY
Historians study past human events in order to understand the meaning, dynamics and
relationship of the causes and effects of events as they happen through time. Historians

rely on primary and secondary sources to stud past events.

Primary sources refers to eyewitness accounts or contemporaneous accounts about the

event. They also use secondary sources or evidences that are not eyewitness accounts
and are based from the primary sources.
3 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS HISTORIANS ASK

1.) What happened?-Historians ask questions about basic facts that can be found in
a source. These can refer to the persons, places, events, dates, and activities that
happen through time.
2.) Why did it happen-Historians ask questions about the reasons why the event
happen including the causes, effects, and dynamics behind the event.
3.) What lessons can people learn from the event?- Historians want to explain the
lessons that society can learn from the event. Historians can provide solutions to
problems by analyzing the lessons that we can get from the past events.

WELL KNOWN HISTORIANS

EDWAR GIBBON MARY RITTER BEARD

 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Political science study the different forms and processes of government and the concept
of state, power, ideology, and politics and the effects of these individuals and groups of
society. They examine as well the relationship between all people and policy at all levels
from the indiviual to the national and international levels.
Political science has several fields of study. It includes domestic politics, comparative
politics international relations, political theory, public administration, and public law.
Domestic politics studies public opinion, elections within countries and analyzes the
similarities and differences between among countries. International relations focuses on
the political relationship and interaction between and among countries.
Political theory studies classical political philosophy and contemporary theories. Public
administration studies national and local governance and the bureaucracy. Public law
examines legal systems, civil rights, and criminal justice.

WELL KNOWN POLITICAL SCIENTISTS

ADRIA LAWRENCE JAMES C. SCOTT

 PSYCHOLOGY
Psychologists study how the human mind works in consonance with the body to
produce thoughts that lead to individual actions. A psychologist tries to understand how
people and groups experience the world through various emotions, ideas, and in diverse
conscious states.
He/She uses,a variety of skills in conducting psychological researches. These skills
include observation and analysis. Observation can be done by watching human behavior
and writing down what is seen.
Psychologists observe to find patterns of behavior or actions that occur in different
times. They also look for exceptions in the patterns of behavior. Another skill used by
psychologists is analysis. Through analysis, psychologists can determine and examine
the meaning of the different patterns and the reasons for the pattern exceptions.

WELL KNOWN PSYCHOLOGISTS

SIGMUND FRUED MELANIE KLEIN

 SOCIOLOGY

Sociologists study people's behavior in groups rather than in individuals. They

investigate why and how people interact with each other and how they function as a
society or social subgroups. Sociologists study social structures, collective human
actions, social relationships, culture, and even the impact of social contexts on individual
behavior(Repko, 2008).
Sociologists use a variety of methods to study group behavior. These include
observation and analysis of human behavior, surveys and personal interviews.
Surveys or opinion polls and interviews are used by sociologists to determine what
people think about certain issues at a specified time and place.

WELL KNOWN SCIOLOGISTS

HARRIET MARTINEAU EMILE DHURKIEM

 GEOGRAPHY
Geographers study the interaction between people and their environment. Geographers
probe into both the physical priorities of the Earth's surface and their relationship with
human societies. They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural
environment and the impact of locations and places on people.
There are two main branches of geography, namely, physical geography and and human
geography. Physical geography studies the natural features of the earth, including land,
water, and the atmosphere.
Human geography on the other hand, studies how people create cultures in their
natural environment. Geographers develop five themes to understand the importance
of learning about the world.
THERE ARE 5 THEMES IN GEOGRAPHY
THEME
DESCRIPTION
Location
Position on the Earth's surface
Use of absolute location or the exact location and relative location or the location of
something in relation to a certain place.
place
Physical characteristics of a place depend on landforms, vegetation, climate, flora and
fauna. While human characteristics of a place depend on language, religion and beliefs.
Human- environment interaction
Geographers study human and environment interaction to learn how humans are
connected with each other.
Movement
By studying human movement, geographers can learn how humans are connected with
each other.
Regions
Regions are the basic units of study used by geographers to divide and understand the
earth and its people.
 WELL KNOWN GEOGRAPHERS

WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS HARRIET CHALMERS ADAM