Three Basic Parts of Volcano:

Volcanoes : cloud of ash formed by

VOLCANOES: These are natural opening in volcanic explosions.

the earth’s : It is
surface where
a volcanic
molten rocks
crater that is
(magma),
formed when a
smoke, gases,
part of the wall
and ashes are
of the crater
ejected.
VOLCANISM: is a phenomenon collapses
connected with volcanoes and its following an explosive eruption.
Have you seen Mayon A. Base
volcanic activity. B. Slope
Volcano located at
• A caldera collapse is usually triggered
Albay, Philippines. C. Summit: where crater or opening is
A volcano is a mountain that opens by emptying of the magma chamber
located.
downward to a pool of molten rock below beneath the volcano as the result of a
One of the world’s most
the surface of the earth. large volcanic eruption.
active volcano and it is : It is a funnel-shaped depression
very popular because of at the top of a volcano formed as a result
Volcanoes are openings or vents in the molten rock beneath the
its perfect cone. of explosive eruption.
earth’s crust where magma, ash, and Earth’s surface.
gases escape that may cause violent or • It is the mouth or the opening of the
Tiny little island of Vulcan Point in the • A hot fluid or semi-fluid material below
spectacular eruptions. volcano, it surrounds the volcanic
Philippines is the world’s largest island or within Earth’s crust that is usually
vent.
within a lake. That is situated on an island made with molten rocks.
As pressure builds up in the mantle,
located in a lake (Lake Taal) within a lake TAAL VOLCANO
magma rises and pushes through vents it
in an island (Luzon Island). located in is a large
forces its way out which can lead to
volcanic eruption. Batangas, underground pool of molten rock sitting
** Vulcan Point: happens to be one of the Philippines. This underneath the Earth’s crust.
cones of the active Taal Volcano. volcano has many • This is where magma is formed.
craters. A total of
47 craters. When the
magma is
: is a body of intrusive rock ejected
with a dome-shaped upper surface and a out of the
level base, fed by a conduit from below. volcano is
• Is a sheet like intrusion that has been called
injected within or between layers of .
sedimentary rock.
• A laccolith forms when magma • Lava is an Italian word which means to
The Philippines is known for its diverse (molten rock) rising through the Earth's slide. Which are what molten rocks
natural resources and scenic views like crust begins to spread out horizontally, does once it reaches the surface.
mountains and volcanoes. prying apart the host rock strata.
small cone-
Having these in the country is not : fragments of lava or rocks smaller shaped volcano formed by accumulation
surprising. This is because our country is than 2mm in size that are blasted into the of volcanic debris.
situated or part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, air by volcanic explosions.
which is characterized by frequent
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
 flat piece of rock formed when
magma hardens in a crack in a volcano
is an opening in the Earth’s
surface through which volcanic material
escape.
Most of the volcanoes are formed as a
result of geological activities along the
plate boundaries.
In the Ring of Fire, volcanoes are formed in
the subduction zone. When two plates
collide one plate sinks into the mantle and
melts. The result in magma rises through
the other plate above it and forms a chain
of volcanoes. These are volcanoes from
melted crust/subduction.
EXAMPLE: Mount Fuji
UNDERWATER VOLCANOES: Formed along
the rift of two plate which are being pulled
apart. Magma rises out of the rift from the
sea floor as the sea floor spreads.
EXAMPLE: Iceland is formed by the
coincidence of the spreading boundary
of the North American Plate and Eurasian
Plate.
HOT SPOT VOLCANOES: formed at the
center of the plate by plumes. It is a rising
column of superhot magma from some
places in the mantle. The shooting
magma can burn a whole into the plate
above and form a volcano.
• These hot spots are found at a number
of locations around the globe.
EXAMPLE: Hawaiian Islands
a round shape living a crater at a
summit.
• As high as 100 to 400 meters.
Volcanoes can be classified according to • This is built from ejected lava
its shape and according to its eruption. fragments. They have a steep slope,
wide crater, and is most abundant of
the three volcanoes.
EXAMPLE: Mount Paricutin in Mexico and
Taal Volcano in the Philippines
Types of Volcano according to
A. Shield Volcano
• Huge, gently sloped volcanoes that
exclusive erupts basaltic lava.
• Include a number of the biggest
volcanoes within the world
• Built by many layers of low-viscous lava B. Cinder Cone Volcano
flows. The eruptions don’t seem to be • Also known as SCORIA CONE. C. Composite Volcano
explosive. • Forms when volcanic cinder or blobs • Also known as Stratovolcano. This is
of congealed lava of basaltic large, nearly perfect sloped structure
composition, comes out from one
vent.
• As high as 9000 meters from the
bottom.
• This is formed by the accumulation of
lava oozes out from the volcano. Since
non-viscous lava can flow freely, a
formed from the alternate
broad, slightly doomed structure that
solidification of both lava and
resembles warrior’s shield is formed.
• Its explosive eruptions are caused by pyroclastic deposits.
gas rapidly expanding and escaping • It is composed of alternating layer of
EXAMPLE: Volcanoes within the Hawaiian
from the molten lava that comes out, lava flow.
Island including:
sort of like a fountain. • Up to 100 to 3500 meters high.
a. Mauna Loa biggest volcano in Hawaii
• The lava cools quickly, and falls a • According to volcanologists (the
b. Kilauea
cinder spilled up around the vent form people who studies about volcanoes)
c. Diamond Head
some of the Earth’s grandest
 mountains are composite or 2. Mount Fuji in Japan B. Phreatomagmatic
stratovolcano. o It is a violent
• Can have a cluster of vents, with lava eruption due to
breaking through walls or issuing from the contact
fissures on the perimeters of the between water
mountain. and magma.
• The eruptions are extremely explosive o Happens if
and dangerous. Pressure builds within there is an
the magma chamber as gases under interaction
immense heat and pressure are between water
dissolve within the magma. and magma
resulting to
EXAMPLE: Mayon Volcano in the ** __________________________________ violent fine ash
Philippines and Mount Fuij in Japan eruption.
3. Mauna Kea in Hawaii
D. Lava Dome Volcano
• Also referred to as Volcanic Dome. C. Strombolian
• Small, circular mounts formed o It is a period weak to violent
because the lava is simply too viscous eruption characterized by fountain
to flow. lava.
• Which makes it pile over around the
vents.
• Because the lava oozes out, its outer
surface cools and hardens then
shutters, spilling loosed fragments Why do volcanoes have different types? ** __________________________________
down its side.
• Found within the crater or on the • The process of magma formation is
edges of enormous composite different at each type of plate Types of Volcano according to
volcanoes. boundary. Therefore, the composition
• Height depends on the dimensions of of magma differs in each tectonic A. Phreatic D. Vulcanian
the composite volcanoes around setting. o It is a o It is
them. stream-driven characterized by
ACTIVITY: eruption as the tall eruption that
hot rocks come reach up to 20km
1. Mount Saint Helens in Washington in contact with high with pyroclastic
water. flow and ashfall
o Also known tephra.
as
Hydrothermal
o Type of eruption that happened to
Taal Volcano last January 12, 2020.

EXAMPLE: Chaitén Lava Dome in Chile

and Lassen Peak in Western united states
** __________________________________
E. Plinian
o It
excessively
explosive type of
eruption of gas
and pyroclastic.
o It is intensely
violent kind
eruption that
happened to Mt.
Pinatubo in June 6-
15, 1991.
Types of Volcano according to
The Philippines has more than hundreds of
volcanoes as of 2013.
There are several ways how volcanoes are
classified, PHIVOLCS have adopted a
system where the Philippine Volcanoes
can be classified:
a) Active Erupting / Active Volcano
b) Active Dormant
c) Inactive Volcano
1) Active Volcano – if it has a record of
eruption.
• Has had at least one eruption during
the past 10,000 years.
• Might be erupting or dormant
2) Active Dormant – an active volcano
that is not erupting but is supposed to
erupt again.
• 24 Active Volcanoes in the Country
according to PHILVOLCS. The majority
of the active volcanoes are located in
the Island of Luzon.
3) Inactive Volcano – if it shows no
activity and no record of eruption. Just
like, Mt. Kanlaon in Canlaon City,
Negros Occidental.
• One that could erupt but has not
erupted for more than 10,000 years.
• Also called as extinct or sleeping
is volcanoes
• Are expected to erupt again at some
point despite being dormant for
thousands of years.
• Volcanoes with no record of eruptions
are considered as extinct or inactive.
of • There physical form since their last
activity has been altered by agents of
weathering and erosion with the
formation of deep and long gullies.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING
NEAR VOLCANOES
o Volcanoes and Volcanic Activity are
usually related to destruction.
o Risk of living near volcanic areas
includes destruction to land by
volcanic materials, landslides,
pollution, and effects on weather.
However, these materials are
important to human life.
EXAMPLE: Lava and volcanic ash contains
nutrients that enriched the soil.
o Many volcanic materials are very
useful in industrial and chemical uses
and as a source of heat energy.
o These beautiful and magnificent land
forms also attract the attention of
tourists.
o People living near these volcanoes
make a living from it.
:
➢ Volcanism is a phenomenon
connected with volcanoes and its
volcanic activity such as the
movement of magma from the
mantle to the surface of the Earth.
➢ A volcano is a mountain that opens
downward to a pool of molten rock
below the surface of the Earth.
➢ How liquid rock under the Earth’s
surface is known as magma. Once the
magma erupts through the Earth’s
surface, it is called lava.
➢ Volcanoes may form from melted
crust or subduction, as underwater
volcanoes, or as hot spot volcanoes.
➢ There are four types of volcanoes
according to shape; namely, cinder
cone, composite, shield, and lava
dome volcano.
➢ PHIVOLCS classifies volcanoes as
active erupting, active dormant or
inactive volcanoes.
Volcanoes keep the Earth warm and wet
which are two critical elements for sustaining
life.