UNIT 3

 Narrative Tenses

PAST SIMPLE (describes the main events in a past narrative)

I worked

I called the police and they arrived more or less straightaway.

PAST CONTINUOUS (describes actions in progress at the time of the main events)

You were working

When they got home, everyone was waiting to greet them.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Both Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous describe
events before the events in the main narrative)—They are the past of the past.

She had been working

- The Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes the duration of an event, and often describes
actions which continue up until the main past events (He had been waiting for hours
when we got there).

PAST PERFECT

The suspects had disappeared when the police arrived.

 CONTINUOUS ASPECTS IN OTHER TENSES

-Continous verbs can:

Emphasise that an action lasts for some time.

Notice the difference:

 I’ve cut my finger!

 I’ve been cutting firewood

Describe an action that is in progress but not complete

Notice the difference:

 I think I’ll watch a film tomorrow

 Don’t call me. I’ll be watching a film.
Emphasise that an action is repeated:
  I rang you (ONCE)
 I’ve been ringing all morning! (SEVERAL TIMES).

Describe a situation which is temporary:

 She’ll stay with her sister after university. (PERHAPS LONG TERM)
 She’ll be staying at her sister’s house for a few days (Temporary).

Present Continuous: He is working

Present Perfect Continuous: She has been working

Future Continuous: We will be working.

Extra practice:

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-9553.php

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/upperint/grammar/grammar_02_022e?
cc=global&selLanguage=en

VOCABULARY

MISHAPS

To bang your head

To break (sthg)

To break down

To damage

To drop sthg

To get confused/lost/on the wrong train/stuck in traffic

To lock yourself out

To lose your keys

To miss your train

To oversleep

To run out of petrol

To slip on some ice

To spill your drink

To trip and fall over

CRIMES

Antisocial behavior

Begging

Drink-driving

(To commit) Fraud/plagiarism

To play truant

Possession of illegal drugs/ drug dealing….

To write graffiti on…

PUNISHMENT

To be charged (with…)

To be evicted

To be expelled

To be fined

To be given community service

To be let off (with a warning)

To be prosecuted

To be suspended

To be sentenced to (six months in) jail

To be taken into care

To get/receive a warning
To get/receive a suspended sentence

To lose your licence

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLprxwzWtc4

Dumbphone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr7lyG5vjYw

Linking /j/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/oromo/features/pronunciation/tims-pronunciation-
workshop-ep-19

NEWSPAPER

MP

Death toll

Think tank

Assets

Resentment

Treble

Money down the drain

Catch up with

Further update