San Beda College Alabang

8 Don Manolo Blvd., Alabang Hills Village,

Muntinlupa City, 1770
INTEGRATED BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT (K-12)

INTEGRATED BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT – HIGH SCHOOL UNIT

SY 2023-2024
CHEM110- GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1

Section: Score:
Group Number:
Date:
Present Absent Late Remarks:
(Group members) (Group members) (Group members – (To be filled out by the
indicate how many teacher)
minutes they’re late
after the class starts)

Guidelines:

1. Have a printed copy of this laboratory manual for your group (for submission).
Print one copy for every member of the group, as well (for personal notes and reminders).
2. The following should be written in your individual laboratory notebook:

a. Access a “Material Safety Data Sheet” online of the compound that you will be handling during the
experiment. Read and list down its potential effects and first aid measures. Also include the section on
exposure control and personal protection. Simply go to Google and type “Material Safety Data Sheet for
[compound’s name]”. Sample table below:

Compound 1: Carbonic acid

Potential Health Effects

First Aid Measures

Exposure Control

Personal Protection

b. A copy of the guide questions and your group’s answers to the guide questions and conclusions (written
or photocopy).

3. Plan and strategize before starting the activity. Create a table to report your observations.
Activity A: Decomposition of Sodium Bicarbonate

The chemical reaction actually occurs in two steps. First, there is a double displacement reaction in which
acetic acid in the vinegar reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form sodium acetate and carbonic acid:
NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2CO3

Carbonic acid is unstable and undergoes a decomposition reaction to produce the

carbon dioxide gas:
H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

Materials:
12g sodium bicarbonate (baking soda),
20g vinegar,
2 6-inch balloons,
2 test tubes,
2 test tube holders,
hot plate,
safety goggles
face shield
water bath
500-mL beaker
tongs
adapter
Procedure:
1. Safety First:
Put on your safety goggles. Ensure you're working in a well-ventilated area and set up the hot plate on a
stable surface away from any flammable materials.
2. Measuring the mass of sodium carbonate:
In measuring the mass using the digital scale,
a. Turn the digital scale on. Wait for the reading to display “0.00”.
b. Place an appropriate container for the compound to be measured (watch glass), wait for
the reading to be stable, then press “tare”.
c. Wait for the reading to display “0.00”. Place the sodium carbonate.
3. Preparing the Test Tubes:
Setup 1: Take a test tube and carefully fill it with 2 grams of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
In order to minimize errors when transferring small solids to a container with very small
openings, transfer the solids in a filter paper and use it as an aid.
Setup 2: Take a test tube and carefully fill it with 10 grams of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
Important: Label the test tubes.
4. Balloon Setup:
Pour 10 grams of vinegar into the balloon. Use a small beaker when measuring the mass of vinegar.
Follow the correct steps in measuring mass when using a digital scale. Be cautious not to let the vinegar
spill into the test tube. Securely attach the balloon to the mouth of the test tube. This will be used to
capture the gas produced during the reaction.
5. Reaction Initiation:
Position yourself and your group members away from the test tube. Lift the balloon upright to allow the
vinegar to fall from the balloon into the test tube. The vinegar will mix with the baking soda inside the
test tube, initiating the reaction.
6. Positioning the Test Tube:
Place the test tubes in test-tube holders. Position the test tubes inside a beaker that is half-filled with
water. Choose a beaker where two test tubes can fit. Place the beaker on the hot plate. The water bath
will provide controlled heat for the reaction.
7. Observing the Reaction:
Watch closely as the reaction occurs. Take note of any changes, such as the expansion of the balloon.
This expansion is due to the gas produced during the reaction.
8. Recording Observations:
Record any changes you observe during the reaction. This could include changes in the balloon's size or
any other visible alterations.

Note: Exercise caution while using the hot plate and ensure proper ventilation in the area where the experiment is
conducted. The hot plate provides a controlled source of heat for the experiment in the absence of a heat-resistant
mat and Bunsen burner.
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to wear safety goggles and face shield during this activity?

2. What are the materials used in this experiment?

3. Describe the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and vinegar.

4. What are the elements, compounds and mixtures present in the reaction (if there are any)?

5. What observable evidence indicates that a reaction is taking place?

6. How does varying the amounts of baking soda or vinegar influence the reaction?

Data Analysis: Create a table for your observations and conclusions.

Activity B: Separation of the Components of a Mixture
Materials:
Fine sand, iron fillings, salt, watch glass, bar magnet, piece of paper, 2 small beakers, evaporating dish, water
(approximately 20 mL), stirring rod, filter paper, funnel, hot plate, safety goggles, laboratory gown

Procedure:
A. Initial Observation and Mixture Preparation:
1. Take note of the appearance of fine sand, iron fillings, and salt individually.
2. Place half a spatula of each component on a watch glass.
B. Mixing and Magnetic Separation:
1. Mix the three components thoroughly on the watch glass.
2. Transfer and scatter the mixture thinly on a piece of paper.
3. Pass a bar magnet above the paper (left to right) and observe any interactions between the magnet and
the mixture.
4. Save the substances separated by the magnet in a small beaker and examine them.
Identify the substance.
C. Dissolution and Filtration:
1. Transfer the remaining components of the mixture into a small beaker.
2. Add approximately 20 mL of water to the beaker and stir well for a minute.
3. Observe any changes in the mixture due to the addition of water.
4. Set up a funnel and place a piece of filter paper inside it over an evaporating dish. Fold the filter paper
into four and place it securely in the funnel.
5. Pour the mixture through the filter paper to separate the solid components from the liquid (filtrate).
6. Collect the liquid that passes through the filter paper in an evaporating dish.
7. Dispose the material in the filter paper in the trash can outside the laboratory.
D. Examination of Filtrate:
1. Observe and note the appearance of the liquid collected in the evaporating dish.
2. Identify the substances present in the filtrate.
E. Examination of Residue:
1. Carefully remove the filter paper with the solid residue from the funnel.
2. Examine the residue or solid collected on the filter paper and note its appearance.
3. Identify the solid.
F. Evaporation of Filtrate:
1. Heat the filtrate collected in the evaporating dish on a hot plate.
2. Continuously heat the mixture while stirring until the liquid evaporates and a residue is left behind.
G. Examination of Residue After Evaporation:
1. Allow the beaker to cool.
2. Examine the residue left in the beaker after heating and note its appearance.
3. Identify the residue.

Safety Precautions:
1. Wear safety goggles and a laboratory apron at all times during the experiment.
2. Handle the bar magnet with care and avoid bringing it close to electronic devices.
3. Be cautious when using hot plates. Keep a safe distance and use proper heating tools.

Guide Questions:
Initial Observation and Mixture Preparation:
1. What are the appearances of fine sand, iron fillings, and salt individually?

2. Why is it important to observe and note the initial appearances of each component?

Mixing and Magnetic Separation:

1. What happens when the three components are mixed together?
 2. How does the bar magnet help in separating the mixture?

3. Why is it necessary to scatter the mixture thinly on a piece of paper before using the bar magnet?

Dissolution and Filtration:

1. What changes occur when water is added to the remaining mixture after the separation using the magnet?

2. Explain the purpose of using a funnel and filter paper during the filtration process.

3. What components pass through the filter paper and collect in the beaker?

Examination of Filtrate:
1. Describe the appearance of the liquid collected in the beaker after filtration.

2. What substances are present in the filtrate? How do you identify these substances?

Examination of Residue:
1. How would you describe the appearance of the solid collected on the filter paper?

2. What method did you use to identify the solid residue on the filter paper, and what was the identity of the
substance?

Evaporation of Filtrate:
1. Why is it necessary to heat the filtrate in the beaker?

2. What do you expect to happen during the heating process?

Examination of Residue After Evaporation:
1. Describe the appearance of the residue left in the beaker after heating.

2. How does the residue from the evaporated filtrate compare to the initial components of the mixture?

Safety Precautions:
1. Why is it important to wear safety goggles and a laboratory apron during the experiment?

2. What are the potential risks associated with handling a bar magnet and using open flames (alcohol lamp)?

Conclusion:
1. Summarize the main steps of the separation techniques used in this experiment.

2. What were the key findings of this experiment in terms of separating and identifying the components of the
mixture?

3. How does this experiment relate to real-life applications or situations where separation of components is
important?

U.I.O.G.D.