Schottky defect It is due to equal number of .cations and anions missing from the lattice sites. | the lattice sites and these enkel defect It is due to the missing of ions (usually cations) from occupy the interstitial sites. in the density of crystal. _ It has no effect on the density of crystal. This type of defect is found in highly ionic compounds with high coordination number and having cations and anions of similar sizes, e.g., NaCl, CsCl, etc. _ iL .| This type of defect is . Zns, etc. found in crystal where the differnce in the size of cations and anions is very large, e.g., AgCl, AgBr,1.28.2 DIAMAGNETISM. Diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled by ma 1,0, NaCI and C,H, are some examples of such stubs are weakly magnetized in a magnetic field in opposite dire Diamagnetism is shown by those substances in which all i electrons are paired and there are no unpaired clectrons, Pairg of electrons cancels their magnetic moments and they lose the magnetic character. : Bhetic fig tances 1! 1.28.3 FERROMAGNETISM A few substances very strongly by Co, Ni, Gd, and C10, ate atragy a magnetic field. Such substances arg cally Strong, attractions, th netized. In solid state, metal ions of ferromagnetic substancé grouped together ing sinall regions called domains. Thus, each domain acts as 4 tin magnet. In an unmagnetized piece of a ferromagnetic substang the domains are randomly oriented and their magnetic momen get cancelled. When the substance is placed in a magnetic field, the domains get oriented in the direction of the magnetic field IF 1.83@)] and a strong magnetic effect is produced. This ordeta of domains persists even when the magnetic field is removed a the ferromagnetic substance becomes a permanent magnet, 1.28.4 ANTIFERROMAGNETISM Substances such as MnO showing anti-ferromagnetism hav domain structure similar to ferromagnetic substance, but the domains are oppositely oriented and cancel out each other magnetic moment (Fig. 1.83(b)]. ferromagnetic substa 1.28.5 FERRIMAGNETISM Ferrimagnetism is obsery. the domains in the substa parallel directions in une weakly attracted by magn substances, Fe,0, (magn Z2nFe,O, are ex. lose ferrimagn ed when the magnetic moments | nce are aligned in parallel and att qual numbers [Fig.1.83(c)]. They # etic field as compared to ferromagtt elite) and ferrites such as MgFe,0, amples of such substances, These sul lism on heating and become paramagnetic. "OOOO "COOODD — OOODDAD mnces altFerrimagnetic Rochelle salt (sodium potassium Ferroelectric and _ piezoelectric | tartrate), KH,PO,, BaTiO, 7. | Antiferroelectric _| PbZrO, (lead zirconate)