NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – MANILA

College of Architecture

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 5:
SPACE PLANNING 2

RETAYIR: A PROPOSED RETIREMENT

AND RECREATION FACILITY
San Nicolas, New Clark City, Bamban, Tarlac

Prepared By:

Fong, Jillyn M.
Ingal, Catherine F.
Ramos, Alexandra Ruth A.

ARC202A

Ar. Argel Miryl P. Castañeda, UAP

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Part I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Globally, about 25 percent of the world is over 65 years of age. According to

the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH), the Philippines has a total

population of 109,035,343 people, with 5.4% or 5.86 million people aged 65 and up

constituting 5.4% of the population. Filipinos in this age bracket are referred to as

Senior Citizens as defined by Republic Act No. 9994.

The Senior Citizens Act of 1991 has been amended several times to improve

and increase the benefits available to senior citizens, with focus on the less fortunate.

However, these have not been sufficient, as evidenced by the large and growing number

of elders who are not covered by social safety nets. Among the many expenses that a

senior citizen faces, healthcare, and a suitable environment to live in deserve additional

government support, as Maslow's hierarchy of needs explains that the physiological

needs, at the bottom of his hierarchical pyramid, are the most essential things humans

need to survive. These include the need for safety, comfort, warmth, food, water, rest,

and health.

Finding appropriate care is vital, especially for the elderly. Because they are in

their later years, it is critical that they live in comfort and health. While staying with

their families can always bring them joy and care, there are times when the appropriate

responses or needs are not met. Elders are sent to nursing homes that provide a safe and

secure environment. In the Philippines, there are only a handful of homes for the

elderly, and only four of them are maintained by the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD).

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One of the best elderly homes in the country is Golden Reception and Action

Center for the Elderly and Other Special Cases (GRACES). GRACES is an elderly

home that is managed and funded by the Department of Social Welfare and

Development, as well as supported by several partners. It is a residential facility for

senior citizens who have been abandoned, lost, neglected, become homeless, or are

attached or single and have no family to stay with. In 2018, the GRACES housed 187

elderly men and women. Unfortunately, most homes for the aged facilities are

overcrowded due to an increase in the number of abandoned elders.

Due to the crowdedness, the quality of comfort, healthcare, and the overall

facility is more likely to suffer, as people who are subjected to chronic crowding can

become psychologically demoralized, depressed, and anxious. Furthermore, crowding

has been linked to negative social and biological reactions such as social withdrawal

and elevated blood pressure. Besides that, the relationship between high-density

exposure to crowding and its consequences is variable and appears to be dependent on

a variety of social and personal factors (Lepore, 2012).

Statement of the Problem

The project aims to create a retirement & recreation resort facility for senior

citizens in the Philippines.

Specifically, the following questions will be answered:

1. Are the facilities provided given the limitations brought about by ageing

sufficient?

2. Are the facilities provided designed to uplift not only their body but their

spirits as well?

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3. Are the senior citizens in retirement facilities getting the attention they

require?

Project Objectives

a. To provide community spaces for a healthy and flourishing urban aging and

fulfill the need of facilities for senior care and living in Philippine cities.

b. To transform the way Filipinos perceive and experience aging, retirement and

senior care and living facilities using architectural language.

c. To foster opportunities using the principles of future proofing for the retired

elderly to maintain contact with different age groups, strengthening and

protecting their place in modern society.

Design Objectives

a. To design a retirement and recreation facility that answers to the current needs

of the users whether temporary or permanent.

b. To design a retirement and recreation facility that incorporates Vernacular

Architecture for it to appear home-like with regards to the adjustment of the

users.

c. To design a retirement and recreation facility that incorporates various future

proofing principles such as flexibility and adaptability, energy efficiency,

technological responsiveness, resilience to climate change, and legislation.

Design Considerations

A. Accessibility

The design must conform to the minimum standards of Batas Pambansa

Blg. 344 or the Accessibility Law.

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B. Functionality

The design shall include functional concepts of pathways, changes in

level, ramps and sloping grounds, stairs and steps, floor surface materials,

handrails, landmarks, signage dispositions, parking, and loading/unloading

areas.

C. Landscape Appearance

The design should consider concepts that enhance the existing landscape

appearance of the site.

D. Safety and Security

The design shall answer to the safety and security of both the users,

especially the elderly, and the structure itself.

E. Sustainability

The design shall encourage self-sustaining principles that should

withstand possible threats to the facility such as natural disasters, fire, and other

calamities.

F. Inclusivity

The design should cater to everyone regardless of their gender, social

status, disabilities, religion, and customs and traditions.

G. Future Proofing

The design should conform to the seven principles of futureproofing:

flexibility and adaptability, energy efficiency, technological responsiveness,

resilience to climate change, legislation, after use, and panoramic. The last

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principle, panoramic view, states that a building should be able to adapt to the

changing population and social needs of the general public. With this proper

architectural approach, overcrowding resulting in poor quality of facilities may

be avoided as well as other issues that may arise with regards to the construction

of the facilities (How To Future-Proof Buildings with These 7 Principles, n.d.).

Design Concept

Treehouse is the idyllic representation of life and growth, and tree alone

symbolizes life. Every human has the right to live a long and healthy life. If one is

aging, movements would be limited, and inevitable health concerns will eventually

come. As this is what the ending usually is, hourglass then flipped vertically that means

to perpetuate. Life can be unpredictable, but it can be prolonged.

Stalling life is like delaying time and hourglass is one of the many that

symbolizes it. The hourglass, sometimes with the addition of metaphorical wings, is

often depicted as a symbol that human existence is fleeting, and that the "sands of time"

will run out for every human life. Because they are in their last years, it is critical that

they live in comfort and health. Providing them the appropriate responses and needs

that home care cannot guarantee to give will draw hope and experience.

A function that follows form will provide a different angle for the user and will

also innovate the architecture of site. Furthermore, the designers intended the overall

form of the buildings to fit their purpose and bespeak that purpose aesthetically.

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Part II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Types of Facilities

There are various levels of support with regards to senior care. Seniors can

access a wide range of services at certain stages of their lives. A more autonomous

senior, for instance, would only need assistance going to and from medical

appointments, another might need much more such as meals on wheels, medication

management, or simply taking care of themselves, and some might need a round-the-

clock supervision (What Is Senior Care?, n.d.). The different types of facilities, as stated

in a study conducted by University of Rochester Medical Center, are:

A. Independent Living Apartments (ILA)

Independent Living Apartments (ILA) function mainly as co-existing

with other senior citizens. The aged do not require personal nor medical

assistance and may take advantage of partaking in community activities, field

trips, shopping, and the like. ILAs also offer amenities such as resorts and

recreation that may transform their daily lives into a vacation-like lifestyle

(Aviva Senior Living, 2020).

B. Adult Homes

Adult Homes are licensed and regulated to cater senior citizens that

require supervision, personal care, housekeeping, and the like.

C. Enriched Housing Program

Enriched Housing Program caters the needs of those in Adult Homes but

has the privilege to stay in independent housing units.

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D. Family-Type Homes

Family-Type Homes, according to New York State regulations,

accommodate four or fewer adults who are not related to the facilitator. It

showcases a home-like environment similar to ILA but also offers assistance

due to old age, mental health, and physical disabilities, but do not require skilled

medical or nursing services.

E. Assisted Living Program (ALP)

For seniors who need assistance for their everyday life but do not require

24-hour care, ALP is a good substitute for nursing facilities for elderly people.

A third-party organization provides the room, board, case management, and

skilled nursing services. Home assistance beneficiary is accepted in the program

along with Medicaid and Supplemental Security Home (SSI).

F. Continuing Care Retirement Communities (Lifecare Communities)

Assisted living facilities and nursing homes are both available in

continuing care communities, which are all located on the same site. They

ensure “aging in place” or the residents’ ability to advance from one level of

care to the next as requirements alter. Because they may stay in their familiar

surroundings, people find the move to a nursing home simpler that may require

buy-in, or an up-front annual purchase followed by monthly payments that

cover the cost of services, perks, and necessary medical care.

G. Nursing Home (Skilled Nursing Facility)

Those who can no longer live without assistance, nursing homes provide

interminable care and give them the qualified medical experts that specialized

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care for seniors with serious diseases or injuries. Residents receive assistance

with their daily tasks such as bathing, eating, laundry and housekeeping from

specially trained personnel. They might focus on providing intermediate care,

long-term skilled nursing care, or short-term or acute nursing care.

15 Most Common Health Concerns for Seniors

As stated by Vann in 2016, the 15 most common health concerns for seniors

are:

A. Arthritis

Based on Bernard (2016), arthritis is the most common ailment affecting

persons 65 and older. According to the Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention (CDC), 49.7% of those over 65 are estimated to have experienced

pain and to have a reduced quality of life. It describes more than 100 ailments

that have an impact on connective tissues, joints, and other surrounding tissues.

Depending on the type of arthritis, specific symptoms can vary, although

stiffness and pain in the joints are typically present

B. Heart Disease

People are living longer with risk factors that raise their likelihood of

having a stroke or developing heart disease, such as high blood pressure and

high cholesterol. The Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics

estimates that 26% of women and 37% of men 65 and older have heart disease

as a chronic condition.

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C. Cancer

Cancer was the second biggest cause of death for people over 65,

according to the CDC. While cancer cannot always be prevented, you can

improve your quality of life as a senior living with cancer by cooperating with

your medical team and adhering to their healthy senior living recommendations.

Many types of cancer are treatable If discovered early through screenings, such

as mammograms, colonoscopies, and skin checks.

D. Respiratory Diseases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a respiratory

condition, was the third most prevalent cause of death for individuals 65 and

older. Receiving lung function tests, taking the right medicine, or utilizing

oxygen as directed will all help to protect your senior health and quality of life,

even if having a chronic respiratory condition increases your risk of developing

pneumonia and other infections.

E. Alzheimer’s Disease

The CDC stated that as far as dementia goes, Alzheimer's disease is the

most prevalent. The disease is gradual, starting with mild memory loss and

potentially progressing to the loss of communication and response to the

environment. Experts agree that cognitive impairment has a big influence on

senior health across the board, from safety and self-care concerns to the

financial burden of care, whether provided at home or in a facility.

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F. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis makes bones weak and brittle that even minor stressors

like coughing or bending over can fracture them. Hip, wrist, and spine injuries

brought on by osteoporosis are the most frequent (Mayo Clinic, n.d.).

G. Diabetes

Diabetes, as defined by the CDC, is a chronic illness that affects how

your body converts food into energy. The majority of the food you consume is

converted by your body into glucose, which is then released into your

bloodstream. The pancreas releases insulin when your blood sugar levels rise.

When you have diabetes, your body either produces insufficient insulin or uses

it improperly.

H. Pneumonia and Influenza

People with community-acquired pneumonia, care facility pneumonia,

and immunocompromised patients with pneumonia frequently have influenza

and other respiratory viruses in their systems. Clinically, it can be challenging

to distinguish between bacterial and viral pneumonia. Although these are not

chronic conditions, they are among the top eight causes of death in people over

age 65, according to the CDC. Seniors are more less equipped to fight off these

illnesses and more susceptible to them.

I. Fall

Most falls happen at home when tripping hazards like area rugs and slick

bathroom floors are present. As people age, their chance of falling and needing

emergency department treatment rises. As stated by the National Institute on

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Aging (2022), a minor accident, such as tripping over a rug or slipping on a

damp floor, might drastically alter your life. Many elderly people get bone

fractures each year because of falls. A fractured bone might trigger more

significant health issues in elderly adults, which can result in long-term

impairment.

J. Substance Abuse

Alcohol and illegal drugs are two examples of psychoactive chemicals

that may be used in a bad or dangerous way. The detrimental effects on people's

health that illegal drug usage have on society are one of its most significant

effects. Because of potential interactions with prescription medications, their

effects on general health, and the elevated risks for senior health such as falls

associated with intoxication, substance and alcohol misuse are a concern for

senior health (Vann, 2016). Sullivan, as stated by American Addiction Centers

in 2022, said that alcohol abuse is especially dangerous in senior citizens. Over

time, the abuse of alcohol causes harmful effects on brain structure and function

that can lead to decline in cognitive function and memory.

K. Obesity

Obesity happens over time when you eat more calories than you use. It

is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The

weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. According to the

World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is a significant risk factor for heart

disease, diabetes, and cancer in older people, all of which are chronic diseases

with negative effects on quality of life.

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L. Depression

Depression poses a risk to senior health since it can reduce immunity

and make it more difficult to fight diseases. According to the Federal

Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, seniors report spending just 8

to 11 percent of their leisure time with family and friends. Even though severe

depression is not a typical aspect of aging, depression is a prevalent issue among

older persons. As stated by the CDC, Misdiagnoses and inadequate care are

common among older persons. Healthcare professionals could dismiss an older

adult's depressive symptoms as just a normal response to disease or other life

changes as they age and fail to address the condition as a result. Because they

do not realize that they may feel better with the right therapy, older persons

frequently hold this idea and refuse to seek assistance.

M. Oral Health

The consequences that might result from oral and tooth infections are

particularly dangerous for older people. Losing teeth, which is often brought on

by infection, not only affects how we look but can also make it more difficult

to chew certain meals. As a result, getting the nutrition we require to function

may be more difficult (Oral Health For Older Adults, 2019).

N. Poverty

Murray stated in 2006 that a wide range of human capacities, potentials,

and opportunities are undermined by extreme poverty, which also interacts with

health in several ways. Additionally, poverty increases the risks to one's health:

poorer people frequently work in environments with higher environmental risks

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for disease and disability; and poor families are disproportionately affected by

environmental variables including lack of access to clean water. Also, people

who live in poverty typically have lower levels of education. They frequently

know less about how to promote health and when to seek medical attention.

O. Shingles

A skin condition known as shingles is brought on by a widespread virus.

A band of blisters or a rash, together with a burning pain or tingling sensation,

are the typical shingles symptoms. Shingles poses certain additional risks for

older people, such as an increased risk of stroke and other major health issues.

A prompt reaction to the first sign of symptoms is essential for older persons

who develop shingles to receive successful treatment. This entails a medical

examination, immediate antiviral medicine administration, and pain

management therapy (Roland, 2021).

Case Study – Parkwood Heights

In close proximity to Victor, Fairport, Farmington, and Canandaigua, Parkwood

Heights is a scenic 122-acre senior living campus that offers new options for retirement

living. They feature various housing options such as villas, patio homes, and senior

apartments.

For a monthly fee, villa residents can take advantage of a lot of the amenities,

activities, and events that Parkwood Heights has to offer. There are more packages

available for those who want additional services such as free grocery and pharmacy

delivery, activities, outings, and entertainment, health and wellness programs, on-site

lab and physician, full-service generator, trash pick-up, meal packages, housekeeping,

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blood pressure clinics, continental breakfast daily, utilities and maintenance included,

and snow removal/lawn care.

Villas – Phase I

Villas – Phase II

Villas – Layout

A studio, one-bedroom, or two-bedroom apartment is available in

Independent/Enriched Apartments. Each apartment has an open layout with lots of

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natural light and some have views of the woods. Additionally, they enable you to take

advantage of a variety of the amenities and services for a single affordable monthly

charge such as hot breakfast daily, choice of dinner and lunch daily, transportation for

medical appointments, housekeeping weekly, utilities – heat, electric, water, and sewer,

activities, outings and entertainment, health and wellness programs, on-site lab and

physician, 24-hour emergency response, trash removal, free prescription and grocery

delivery, and in house banking.

Enriched/Independent Apartments

Studio Special One Bedroom – Traditional

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One Bedroom Deluxe

Two Bedroom Classic

Patio Houses are offered to persons who are 50 years of age and older and are

situated on the Parkwood Heights Senior Campus near Woodsview Way and Harwood

Lane in Macedon. Owners of Patio Homes can benefit from the numerous facilities and

services provided by the Parkwood Community Center, which is housed in the

Independent and Enriched Senior Apartment Building. Their services and amenities

include activities, outings and entertainment, health and wellness programs, on-site

podiatry services, lab and physician, trash pick-up, fitness center, meal packages, blood

pressure clinics, continental breakfast daily, snow removal/lawn care.

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Patio Homes

Case Study – RainTree Care: The Premier Nursing Home in the Philippines

The first fully serviced seniors' residence in the Philippines is run by RainTree

Care Services & Senior Residences. In addition to their 5-star residences and cozy

facilities, their top-notch care services uphold their mission and vision: championing

the quality of life for all Filipino seniors in need of care and assistance.

While being the premier nursing home in the country, it also requires not only

hospitable but professionally trained staff and licensed nurses. To help meet their

patients' health needs, they offer a variety of programs tailored to each patient, all of

which are carried out by a team of professionals, including physical therapists,

occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists. Furthermore, RainTree's

care plans are also based on scientific approaches from Germany and are tailored to

each resident's specific needs and desires. As a result, the rates at this nursing home are

quite high.

“I know it's not easy [to accommodate Filipino elders] and it's not cheap! I am

very aware of the expensive price tag! I hope that many will be able to afford the

services of your facility,” said Marissa Marfil when she saw RainTree on Facebook.

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Knowing that their residents have different needs and levels of care, RainTree

offers different rates in order for those who want to experience an environment of

understanding, compassion, and professionalism at all times but at the same time do not

have the luxury to do so. There are five packages they offer: an assisted living package;

care level 1; care level 2; dementia care; and a package with additional services. With

these, the residents or clients have the option when it comes to their expenses as they

have the freedom to choose their type of room, level of care, and other recreational

activities inside RainTree's residence, Bahay Doña Rosario.

Premier Nursing Home

With this approach, many Filipinos who want to provide the best care for their

relatives while also experiencing an environment where they feel at home and loved

consider RainTree Care. “I really can't find the words to describe how much we love

this place. Our mom is a resident here and they take such good care of her. It's hard to

place someone you love into a care facility, but if you have to, definitely give this place

a look. The Director is very skilled in all aspects of running a facility of this nature and

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is on top of everything and has helped our family out so much in a dire time of need.

The caregivers have gone above and beyond in caring for her. Couldn't ask for a better

place. Rest assured that your family member will be treated with tender loving care if

this is where you choose to place them,” said Edgar Mendoza whose mom resides in

the RainTree Care residences.

While more and more organizations and institutions in the Philippines are

established and are exploring new models of care homes for Filipino seniors, RainTree

Care claims to be eager to provide Filipino elders with quality care and services in

home-like residences.

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Part III

SPACE PLANNING

Space Requirements

A. Residential

a. Independent Living Apartments (ILA)

b. Adult Homes

c. Enriched Housing

d. Family-Type Homes

e. Assisted Living Program (ALP)

f. Continuing Care Retirement Communities (Lifecare Communities)

g. Nursing Home (Skilled Nursing Facility)

h. Dormitory

- Doctors and Nurses

- In-house staff

i. Laundry Courtyard

j. Parking

k. Transient Hotel

l. Parking

m. Pick up/Drop off

B. Recreation

a. Mini Mall

- Café Bookstore

- Pet Grooming and Supply Store

- Supermarket

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- ATM Banks

- Pharmacy

- Hair Salon and Barber Shop

- Food Court

- Restrooms

- Parking

- Pick-up/Drop-off

b. Health Post

c. Movement Studio and Gym

d. Multipurpose Hall

e. Library

f. Prayer Room/s

g. Workshop

- Arts and Crafts

- Sewing/Crochet

- Baking

- Pottery

- Gardening

h. Open Area (Park)

i. Main Parking

C. Resort

a. Main Swimming Pool

b. Sauna

c. Jacuzzi

d. The Clubhouse

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- Administrative Office

- Clubrooms

- Clubhouse Spa

- Clubhouse Restaurant

- Clubhouse Pool

e. Shower Room

f. Health Post

g. Parking

h. Pick-up/Drop-off

D. Medical

a. Main Lobby

b. Waiting Area

c. Primary Care Facilities

- General Administrative Services and Public Areas

o Main Lobby

o Office for Staff

o Storage of Records and Supplies

- Clinical Services Area

o Physician’s Office

o Medical Examination Room

o Minor Surgical Room

- Ancillary Services Area

o Primary General Clinical Laboratory

o Diagnostic Radiology Facility

o Pharmacy

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o Dental Clinic

o Parking for Ambulance and/or Patient Transport Vehicle

- Support Services Area

o Waste Holding Room/Area

o Janitor’s Closet

d. Geriatric Facility

- Visual Rehabilitation

o Front desk

o Physician’s Office

o Vision Screening

o Cataract Surgery Room

- Physical Therapy

o Therapeutic Exercise Area

o Nerve Function Treatment Area

o Wound Care Treatment Area

o Physician’s Office

- Diabetes

o Rehabilitation Area

o Examination Area

o Dispensing or Workroom Area

- Alzheimer’s Disease

o Examination Area

o Nurse Station

o Medical Treatment Room

o Pharmacologic Treatment Room

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- Cancer

o Consultant’s Office

o Radiation Oncology Unit

o Nursing/Chemotherapy Unit

o Oncology Pharmacy

o Medical Service Area

E. Utility

- Security Room

- Electrical Room

- Genset Room

- Mechanical Room

- Garbage Segregation Area

- *Water and Sewage Treatment Plan

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Part IV

SITE ANALYSIS

Micro-Site Analysis

A. SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

There are nearby The surrounding The site’s locationThe project’s
cities. sites are under- itself has privacy,profile does not
developed. but also promotes match the lifestyle
inclusivity for it of its surrounding.
has access to otherThus, there is a
communities. possibility that the
project itself would
not attract potential
users.
There are several Weather is hot and Access to the Due to its humid
existing major oppressive all year facility would not temperature, the
roads. round, but the rainy be difficult. thermal comfort of
period usually lasts the users is
for 9.8 months. compromised.
Additionally, The
site is sloped,
making it prone to
flooding and
landslide.
The site is vast There is an
with 65-hectare lot enormous room for
area. future provisions
and development.

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B. Bubble Diagram

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On site:

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Macro-Site Analysis

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How To Future-Proof Buildings with These 7 Principles. (n.d.). Retrieved from The
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Murray, S. (2006, March 28). Poverty and Health. Retrieved from National Library of
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 RETAYIR: A PROPOSED RETIREMENT
AND RECREATION RESORT FACILITY

Initial Sketches:

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