Indices (√ )

(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
(√ )
There are five basic rules of indices
(b) = (√ ) = 27
(a)
(b) The zero index
(c) ( )
From
(d) √
Any number raised to power zero =1
(e) (√ )
i.e. 1000 = 5290 = 830 = 1
Example 1
Negative indices
Evaluate the following
It can be shown that
(a) 22 x 23
(b)
(c) ( )
Also
(d)
(e) √
(f) Hence a negative index is the inverse of a
Solution given number

(a) 22 x 23 = Example 3

(b) = Evaluate the following

(c) ( )
(a)
(d)
(e) √ ( ) (b) ( )

(f) =(√ ) Solution

Example 2
(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
√
Evaluate the following
√
(b) ( ) =( ) ( )
√
(a) ( )

(b)
Solving equations with unknown indices
Solution

1
It involves making appropriate substation ( ) ( )

after expressing terms containing powers in

simplified form Handling terms on the LHS
Example 4 ( ) ( )

Solve the equation

( ) ( )
( )
( )
Solution ( )

( ) Example 5
( )
Solve
( ) ( )

Let p =

 2p2 – 7p + 6 = 0 x = (√ ) =
(2p – 3)(p – 2) = 0 Solving equations with squares
Either 2p -3 = 0 Example 6
p= √
or Square both sides
p – 2 =0 (√ ) ( )
p=2
2x + 5 = x2+ 2x + 1
when p= => x2 = 4

x=

Testing/checking using -2

√
When p = 2 1 -1

Hence -2 is not a solution to the equation

x=1 Testing/checking using 2
Hence x = 1 and x = 0.585 (3d.p) √
Example 5
√
Show that 3 3
( ) ( )
Hence 2 is the solution to the equation

Solution Example 7

2
Solve for x: √ When : =1

Square both sides Hence the square root of 6 +2√ is

( √ )
(√ )
Example 9
x + 2 = 16
Find the square root of 8 - 2√
x = 14
et (√ √ ) be square root of 8 -2√
Finding square roots of terms containing
rational and irrational quantities (√ √
√ ) √
When finding roots of terms expressed in the Squaring both sides
form a + √ , where a is a rational and b is an
irrational quantity, we let the root to be in the (√ √ ) (√ √ )
form of (√ √ ) where x1 and x2 are
integers. √ √
Example 8 Comparing terms on the two sides

Find the square root of 6 +2√

Let (√ √ ) be square root of 6 +2√ ………………..(i)

√ …………………….(ii)
 (√ √ ) √
Substituting eqn. (i) into eqn. (ii)
Squaring both sides
( ) = 15
(√ √ ) (√ √ )

√ 6 +2√

Comparing terms on the two sides ( ) ( )

( )(( )
………………..(i) Either: =0 =>
…………………….(ii)
Or =0 =>
Substituting eqn. (i) into eqn. (ii) When : =3
( ) =5 When : =5

Hence the square root of 8 -2√ is

(√ √ )

( ) ( ) Revision exercise
( )(( ) 1. Simplify
Either: =0 => (i) 9a2 27a-4 * +
-3 -4 2
Or =0 => (ii) (6a ) (9a ) * +

When : =5 (iii) * +

3
 (iv) (x4yz-3)2 x √ ( ) (a) [ x =-64, x = 343]
[ ] (b) [x = , x = 256]
(v) √ √ * + (c) [x = 1, x= 4]
2. Evaluate (d) [x = 8.6967]
(a) ( ) [16]
(e) [x=22.2739]
(b) ( ) * +
(f) [x=-1]
(c) ( ) * + (g) [x=-1]
(h) * +
(d) ( ) * +
7. Solve for x
(e) ( ) [ ] (a) √ [x=2]
√
3. Solve the following equations (b) √ √ * +
(a) 98x2 = 2 [x= 0.1429]
(c) ( ) ( ) ( )
(b) x-3 = 8 * + [x = -0.92665]
(c) [x = 4] (d) √ =√ √ [-5]
8. Without using mathematical tables or
(d) * +
calculators, find the value of
(e) [x = -0.2169] (√ ) (√ )
[1]
4. Solve for x √
(a) ( ) [x = 1 or x = -1] 9. Find the square root of the following
(b) [x =0, x =1.585] (a) 6 + 2√ [ ( √ )]
(b) 18 - 2√ [ (√ √ )]
(c) [x=0.3608]
(c) 18 - 2√ [ (√ √ )]
(d) +2 =0* +

(e) * +
Thank you
(f) * +
Dr. Bbosa Science
(g) [x = 0.077]

(h) [x=0.003562]

5. Show that
( )( )
(a) ( )
( ) ( )
(b)
( ) ( )

(c) ( )( )

√
(d) √
√
6. Solve