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Factors Affecting Speed of Sound in Gases
Factors Affecting Speed of Sound in Gases
Factors Affecting Speed of Sound in Gases
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| Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail |
For a fixed mass m, density of the gas inversely varies with volume. i.e.,
where c is constant.
For a fixed temperature, when the pressure varies, correspondingly density also
varies such that the ratio (P/ρ) becomes constant.
This means that the speed of sound is independent of pressure for a fixed
temperature. If the temperature remains same at the top and the bottom of a
mountain then the speed of sound will remain same at these two points. But, in
practice, the temperatures are not same at top and bottom of a mountain; hence,
the speed of sound is different at different points.
the speed of sound varies directly to the square root of temperature in kelvin.
Thus the speed of sound in air increases by 0.61 m s-1 per degree celcius rise in
temperature. Note that when the temperature is increased, the molecules will
vibrate faster due to gain in thermal energy and hence, speed of sound increases.
Thus the velocity of sound in a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of
the density of the gas.
We know that density of moist air is 0.625 of that of dry air, which means the
presence of moisture in air (increase in humidity) decreases its density. Therefore,
speed of sound increases with rise in humidity. From equation (11.30)
Let ρ1, v1 and ρ2, v2 be the density and speeds of sound in dry air and moist air,
respectively. Then
where p1 and p2 are the partial pressures of dry air and water vapour respectively.
Then
The speed of sound is also affected by blowing of wind. In the direction along the
wind blowing, the speed of sound increases whereas in the direction opposite to
wind blowing, the speed of sound decreases.
EXAMPLE 11.9
The ratio of the densities of oxygen and nitrogen is 16:14. Calculate the
temperature when the speed of sound in nitrogen gas at 17°C is equal to the
speed of sound in oxygen gas.
Solution
Where, R is the universal gas constant and M is the molecular mass of the gas.
The speed of sound in nitrogen gas at 17°C is
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