8/29/2022

Topics to study before next class

Remember: Class is for direction and brief explanation. You

need to read details and write in a similar manner in
examination.
Reactions, equations and amounts
General Science - Periodic table: Basic Idea
- The Mole and Avogadro's Constant
- the masses of atom
- the formula of compound
- Equations for chemical reactions
Abureza Mohammad Muzareba PhD (University of Sheffield) - Calculations from equations
Department of Marketing - Calculating the volumes of gases
- Electrolysis
University of Dhaka
- Superconductors

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science

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Today’s Discussion Points

Bonding
- Why compounds form?
- The ionic bond
- Ionic compounds and their properties
- The covalent bond and their properties
- Covalent substances
- Metal and metallic bond

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Why compounds form?

Electron transfer involves creation of ions,
which bond via ionic bonds
to form ionic compounds. A Familiar
compound like table salt, sodium
chloride, is a classic example of an
ionic compound. Electron sharing
involves the sharing of electrons between
two atoms and the creation of covalent
bonds.
Properties of ionic compounds
• High melting and boiling points - Ionic bonds
are very strong - a lot of energy is needed to
break them. So ionic compounds have high
melting and boiling points.
• Conductive when liquid - Ions are charged
particles, but ionic compounds can
only conduct electricity if their ions are free to
move. Ionic compounds do not conduct
electricity when they are solid - only when
dissolved in water or melted.

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 8/29/2022

The covalent bond and their

properties
• Low melting and boiling points
The covalent bonds binding the atoms together are
very strong but there are only very weak forces
holding the molecules to each other
(the intermolecular forces). Therefore, only
a low temperature is needed to separate the
molecules when they're melted or boiled.
• Non-conductors
Covalent compounds have no free electrons and
no ions so they don't conduct electricity.
Covalent substances
Covalent bonds form between non-metal
atoms. Each bond consists of a shared
pair of electrons, and is very strong.
Simple molecular substances and giant
covalent structures have different
properties.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z94x
sbk/revision/3

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Metallic bonding
The particles in a metal are held together by metallic
bonds.
• High melting and boiling points
Metallic bonds are strong and a lot of energy is needed to
break them. This is why metals have high melting points
and boiling points.
• Conducting electricity
Metals contain electrons that are free to move in the metal
structure, carrying charge from place to place and
allowing metals to conduct electricity well.
• Metallic bonding - Higher tier
Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between closely
packed positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalised
electrons.

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