GENETICS Study Guide 2022

(Genetics and Punnett Squares)

In order to prepare for the upcoming Genetics Test, choose a strategy that best suits your learning
style. Some suggestions for answering the questions below are:
 Create one flash card per question with question on one side and answer on the other
 Answer questions on this paper and highlight key words

1. Who is considered the “father of heredity?”

2. When traits are passed down from parents to the next generation, what is this called?

3. Name the scientist who studied pea plants to determine traits and how they are passed down from
generation to generation.

4. What did Mendel call the trait that always showed, if present, in the offspring?

5. What did Mendel call the trait that always seemed to disappear in the offspring if a dominant trait
was present?

6. The feature that shows up in a population and has different forms, such as hair color, is called what?

7. The different forms of the feature, such as red, brown, or blond hair is called what?

8. When parents with purebred traits are bred and each parent shows a different trait, such a brown-
haired father and a blond-haired mother, what happens to the recessive trait in the first generation?

9. What are the instructions for an inherited trait called?

10. The different forms of a gene are called what?

11. How many alleles are contributed from each parent for a trait?
12. What are the three different possible combinations of alleles (use the letter B). Label each
combination using two of these terms: heterozygous, homozygous dominant, homozygous
recessive, purebred dominant, purebred recessive, and hybrid.

13. The appearance of a trait, or the physical feature you see, is called the

14. The two alleles of a trait make up the

15. If there are two dominant or two recessive alleles, what is the organism called?

16. If there are one dominant and one recessive allele, what is the organism called?

17. What is the tool called that scientists use to predict the chance of different genotypes occurring in
offspring?

18. If both parents are heterozygous for a trait, what is the chance of seeing the dominant trait in the
offspring?

19. What is the mathematical chance that something will happen called?

20. What do the prefixes of heterozygous and homozygous tell you? How does that determine what
alleles you will use? Explain

21. Meiosis produces 4 _____________ cells (sex cells) while Mitosis produces 2 Diploid cells (body
cells).

21. A male dog is heterozygous and has a long tail (T). A female dog is short tailed. A dog breeder
wants to know the chances of the offspring showing the different traits.
Male
What are the chances of having a short tailed
offspring?
Female
 What are the chances of having a long tailed
homozygous offspring?

22. Mom and Dad have no freckles and are both heterozygous (Ff). The couple has 4 children.
Female
-What is the chance of having a child with no
freckles?
-What is the chance of having a child with freckles?
Male -Does this mean that the couple will have 1 child
with freckles and 3 children without freckles? (yes or
no).

Explain your answer: