•Introduction

•Solar Radiation
•Temperature
•Humidity
•Wind Movement
•Precipitation
•Soil Moisture
•Agrometeorological Requirements of Crops
•Micro-climate Modification
•Climate Change and its Impacts on Agriculture

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Introduction
 Agrometeorology = Agriculture + Meteorology
 Meteorology is generally defined as a branch of physics that
deals with the physical process in the atmosphere that
produces weather and climate.
 The physical process are influenced by solar radiation,
temperature, humidity, wind movement, atmospheric pressure,
precipitation and soil moisture.

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Agrometeorology
• Is the study of those aspects of meteorology which
have direct relevance to agriculture
• Is an applied science which deals with the relationship
between agriculture (plants and animals) and
prevailing conditions of weather and climate
• Puts the science of meteorology to serve agriculture by
 Helping for sensible use of land
 Accelerating production of food
 Avoiding the irreversible abuse of land resources

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Relationship with other areas of
agricultural science
Is an interdisciplinary science
Major scientific disciplines involved are
atmospheric sciences and soil sciences which
are concerned with the physical and chemical
environment
Plant and animal sciences which deals with
contents of biosphere

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Weather And Climate
Weather is a state of atmosphere at a given place and at a
given time.
Is the condition of atmosphere in terms of temperature,
humidity, wind movement and atmospheric pressure for a
short interval of time i.e. a part of day or complete day of
small area
Climate is the summation of weather conditions over a
given region during a comperatively larger period.
Denotes the measurement of temperature, humidity, wind
movement, precipitation, intensity and duration of light in
the specific time in months or greater then month

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Objectives of Agrometeorology
• Overall Objective
• To discover and define effects of weather and climate on
agriculture (plants and animals) for practical use

Specific Objectives
 To increase quantity and quality of agriculture
production through selection of crops and crop varieties
of best fit to prevailing condition of weather and climate
 To increase or enhance the efficiency of agriculture
operation through efficiency of input use
Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale
 Contd…
 To protect the crop and livestock from adverse climatic
risk by an incidence and extent of pest and diseases
 To study about soil erosion from wind and water
incidence and effect of drought, frequency and extent of
frost
 To provide guidelines for short and long term planning
 To help appropriate use of land
 To avoid the irreversible abuse of the land resources

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Scope
Weather Monitoring
 In 1966 AD, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
is established in Nepal
 282 agro-meteorological stations located in different
parts of the country to measure weather conditions
 Temperature, humidity, rainfall, direction and velocity of
wind and rate of evaporation are monitored
 World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the
international agency responsible for worldwide climatic
data, is located in Geneva, Switzerland

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Contd…

Agrometeorological Forecasting
 Forecasting of weather condition and trend
 Forecasting of insects and disease to decide
transplanting of crops, spraying of insecticides and
pesticides to control disease and harvesting the crops

Crop zonation and Crop Planning

 Environmental condition can be regionalized based on
latitude, altitude, day length etc.
 Nepal is divided into five crop zones- tropical, sub-
tropical, temperate, sub alpine and alpine

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Contd…
Weather Crop Relationship
 The relationship between weather and selection of crop
according to the prevailing weather condition
Climatic Control
 cannot control climate in huge scale
 Micro modification is possible
 Achieved by the use of greenhouse
 Important in the research to maintain environment of
certain place
 Helps in agro climatic classification and crop weather
modeling

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Role / Importance
Despite of considerable advancement in agricultural
technology, the production still depends on weather and climatic
conditions to a great extent.

The knowledge of weather conditions and their expected

variations are therefore important in several agricultural
decisions.

Examples
Selection of cropping system and land use
Selection of types and breed of livestock
Application of agricultural inputs both in terms of time and rate
Scheduling of agricultural operations

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Classification of climate
Köppen Climate Classification System :a German botanist-climatologist

A - Tropical Moist Climates: all months have average temperatures above 18° Celsius.
tropical wet, tropical monsoon, tropical wet and dry

B - Dry Climates: with deficient precipitation during most of the year.

dry arid, dry semiarid,

C - Moist Mid-latitude Climates with Mild Winters.

humid subtropical, Mediterranean, marine

D - Moist Mid-Latitude Climates with Cold Winters.

dry winters, dry summers, wet all seasons

E - Polar Climates: with extremely cold winters and summers.

polar tundra, polar ice caps

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale
 Sources of Climatic Variation

1) Latitude and its influence on solar radiation received.

2) Air mass influences.
3) Location of global high and low pressure zones.
4) Heat exchange from ocean currents.
5) Distribution of mountain barriers.
6) Pattern of prevailing winds.
7) Distribution of land and sea.
8) Altitude.

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Micro-climate
•A microclimate is a local set of atmospheric conditions that
differ from those in the surrounding areas, often with a slight
difference but sometimes with a substantial one.

•The term may refer to areas as small as a few square

meters or square feet (for example a garden bed or a cave)
or as large as many square kilometers or square miles.

•Because climate is statistical, which implies spatial and

temporal variation of the mean values of the
describing parameters, within a region there can occur and
persist over time sets of statistically distinct conditions, that
is, microclimates.
•Microclimates can be found in most places.
Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale
 Micro-climate
•Microclimates exist, for example, near bodies of water which
may cool the local atmosphere, or in heavy urban areas
where brick, concrete, and asphalt absorb the sun's energy, heat
up, and re-radiate that heat to the ambient air: the
resulting urban heat island is a kind of microclimate.

•Another contributing factor of microclimate is the slope

or aspect of an area.
•South-facing slopes in the Northern Hemisphere and north-
facing slopes in the Southern Hemisphere are exposed to more
direct sunlight than opposite slopes and are therefore warmer for
longer periods of time, giving the slope a warmer microclimate
than the areas around the slope.

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale

 Biological Environment
• Natural biological factors (such as wild animals and plants
or bacteria) that affect human life (as in a particular place or
period)

•The biological components of the environment are the living

organisms, such as animals, plants, bacteria, fungus, etc.
•These are often referred to as biotic factors.

•The physical components of the environment are the non

living things, such as soil, water, rocks, etc.
•These are often referred to as abiotic factors.

Lectures Slide By:- Er. D R Bagale