FIRST AID

GROUP 2
MEMBERS
CIELO KYLE
COMPETENTE ALLAN
CAMPO ACE
CEPE BRYAN JAY
DEL ROSARIO RON IRA
DELOS SANTOS EUROSEAN
DE GUZMAN JOSE ENRIGUE
DOMANTAY NIEL RAILE
ENTERIA ANGELO
WHAT IS FIRST AID
First aid is the first and immediate assistance
given to any person with either a minor or serious
illness or injury, with care provided to preserve
life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to
promote recovery.
 EARLY HISTORY AND WARFARE
Skills of what is now known as first aid have been recorded throughout history, especially in
relation to warfare, where the care of both traumatic and medical cases is required in
particularly large numbers. The bandaging of battle wounds is shown on Classical Greek
pottery from c. 500 BC, whilst the parable of the Good Samaritan includes references to
binding or dressing wounds. There are numerous references to first aid performed within the
Roman army, with a system of first aid supported by surgeons, field ambulances, and hospitals.
Roman legions had the specific role of capsarii, who were responsible for first aid such as
bandaging, and are the forerunners of the modern combat medic. Further examples occur
through history, still mostly related to battle, with examples such as the Knights Hospitaller in
the 11th century AD, providing care to pilgrims and knights in the Holy Land.
 Formalization of life saving treatments
During the late 18th century, drowning as a cause of death was a major concern amongst the population. In 1767, a society for the
preservation of life from accidents in water was started in Amsterdam, and in 1773, physician William Hawes began publicizing the power
of artificial respiration as means of resuscitation of those who appeared drowned. This led to the formation, in 1774, of the Society for the
Recovery of Persons Apparently Drowned, later the Royal Humane Society, who did much to promote resuscitationNapoleon's surgeon,
Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, is credited with creating an ambulance corps, the ambulance volantes, which included medical assistants,
tasked to administer first aid in battle.n 1859, Swiss businessman Jean-Henri Dunant witnessed the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino, and
his work led to the formation of the Red Cross, with a key stated aim of "aid to sick and wounded soldiers in the field".[8] The Red Cross and
Red Crescent are still the largest provider of first aid worldwide.n 1870, Prussian military surgeon Friedrich von Esmarch introduced
formalized first aid to the military, and first coined the term "erste hilfe" (translating to 'first aid'), including training for soldiers in the Franco-
Prussian War on care for wounded comrades using pre-learnt bandaging and splinting skills, and making use of the Esmarch bandage
which he designed.[5] The bandage was issued as standard to the Prussian combatants, and also included aide-memoire pictures showing
common uses.In 1872, the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in England changed its focus from hospice care, and set out to start a system
of practical medical help, starting with making a grant towards the establishment of the UK's first ambulance service. This was followed by
creating its own wheeled transport litter in 1875 (the St John Ambulance), and in 1877 established the St John Ambulance Association (the
forerunner of modern-day St John Ambulance) "to train men and women for the benefit of the sick and wounded"Also in the UK, Surgeon-
Major Peter Shepherd had seen the advantages of von Esmarch's new teaching of first aid, and introduced an equivalent programme for
the British Army, and so being the first user of "first aid for the injured" in English, disseminating information through a series of lectures.
Following this, in 1878, Shepherd and Colonel Francis Duncan took advantage of the newly charitable focus of St John,[5] and established
the concept of teaching first aid skills to civilians. The first classes were conducted in the hall of the Presbyterian school in Woolwich (near
Woolwich barracks where Shepherd was based) using a comprehensive first aid curriculum.
.
Esmarch bandage showing soldiers how
to perform first aid
 TYPES OF BASIC FIRST AID
Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation

Those trained in cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR) can help a victim of
cardiac arrest to start breathing again. CPR
involves first checking the person’s airway is
clear, then using rescue breathing and chest
compressions to maintain blood circulation.
II

BLEEDING

It’s important to stop a wound from

bleeding to prevent the loss of too
much blood. You’ll need to be able to
identify the type of bleeding to
determine its severity and know when
the person needs medical attention
 BURNS
To treat a burn, you need to remove
its source (whether that’s heat, a
chemical, or electricity) and then
cool the affected area with running
water for several minutes. Aloe vera
and over-the-counter medication
are useful for minor burns, whereas
major burns require immediate
medical attention.
 First-degree burn
First-degree burns cause minimal skin damage. They are also called “superficial burns”
because they affect the outermost layer of skin. Signs of a first-degree burn
include:5redness6minor inflammation, or swelling7paindry, peeling skin occurs as the
burn heals
Since this burn affects the top layer of skin, the signs and symptoms disappear once the
skin cells shed. First-degree burns usually heal within 7 to 10 days without scarring.
 Second-degree burn
Second-degree burns are more serious because the damage extends beyond the top
layer of skin. This type burn causes the skin to blister and become extremely red and
sore.
Some blisters pop open, giving the burn a wet or weeping appearance. Over time, thick,
soft, scab-like tissue called fibrinous exudate may develop over the wound.Due to the
delicate nature of these wounds, keeping the area clean and bandaging it properly is
required to prevent infection. This also helps the burn heal quicker.
Some second-degree burns take longer than three weeks to heal, but most heal within
two to three weeks without scarring, but oftenwith pigment changes to the skin.The
worse the blisters are, the longer the burn will take to heal. In some severe cases, skin
grafting is required to fix the damage. Skin grafting takes healthy skin from another area
of the body and moves it to the site of the burned skin.As with first-degree burns, avoid
cotton balls and questionable home remedies. Treatments for a mild second-degree
burn generally include:running the skin under cool water for 15 minutes or longertaking
over-the-counter pain medication (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)applying antibiotic
cream to blisters
 Third-degree burn
Excluding fourth-degree burns, third-degree burns are the
most severe. They cause the most damage, extendingthrough
every layer of skin.There is a misconception that third-degree
burns are the most painful. However, with this type of burn
the damage is so extensive that there may not be any pain
because of nerve damage.Depending on the cause, the
symptoms third-degree burns can exhibit include:waxy and
white colorchardark brown colorraised and leathery
textureblisters that do not developWithout surgery, these
wounds heal with severe scarring and contracture. There is
no set timeline for complete spontaneous healing for third-
degree burns.
 II

CHOKING
An obstruction leading to choking can cut
off a person’s air supply and lead to
unconsciousness or even death. It’s
important to recognize if someone is
choking and needs help. Plus, you need to
know what procedure is appropriate to use.
For instance, when a person is unable to
cough or talk but is still conscious, you
should use the Heimlich maneuver;
however, the appropriate first aid is different
2
for someone who is unconscious.
 II

BROKEN BONES
You should always treat any injury to a limb, hand, or
foot as if it were a broken bone to prevent further
damage. If it’s not an open fracture, the person is
conscious, there is no heavy bleeding, and the skin
appears normal, add a cold pack to the injury. You
should also create a splint with padding for a limb
injury, without trying to straighten the limb, before
you head to the hospital. Broken bones related to the
spine, head, pelvis, hip, and thigh are more severe
and require emergency treatment. You’ll need to
wait for an ambulance, as only a trained medical
professional should move the injured perso
Thank you
for
listening!