1.

Define Sprung Weight & Unsprung Weight, Jounce & Rebound

ANS. :- 1. Jounce: It refers to the bounce or vertical movement of the vehicle suspension upward when it
comes across the bump or shock in the road.

2 Rebound: Rebound refers to the movement of the vehicle suspension in the opposite direction of
jounce. The downward travel of the tyre and wheel that extends the spring and shock absorber is called
rebound, or extension. When the spring is deflected, it stores energy

3. Sprung and Unsprung Musses: The total mass of a vehicle, for the purpose of the suspension design,
is broken up into two parts-sprung and unsprung.
Unsprung weight consists of tyres, wheels and suspension components that attach these items to the main
body chassis structure

2. Give any four probable causes of tyre wear and give it’s remedies.
ANS. :- 1) Incorrect inflation ----ensure correct tyre pressure.

2) Excessive braking and violent acceleration -----avoid rash driving

3) Worn king pins----replace it.

4) Misalignment------ ensure wheel alignment.

5) Wrong loading ----- ensure proper loading

6) Toe-out incorrect on turn- ----ensure wheel alignment

7) Careless driving --- ----ensure proper driving

8) Incorrect caster ,camber or toe in ----------ensure wheel alignm

9) Damaged beads------ ensure proper driving

10) Bleeding of air in tyre------- ensure valve

11) Out of balance wheel-------ensure wheel alignment

3. Explain Mac-Pherson type suspension system with neat sketch.
ANS. :- In this type of Suspension system only lower wishbone is used. A Strut containing shock
absorber and the spring carries also the stub axle on which wheel is mounted. The Wishbone is hinged to
the cross member. The wishbone positions the wheel as well as resists accelerating, braking and side
forces. This type of suspension system is firstly used in Maruti 800. This type of Suspension with anti-roll
bar as employed in Volkswagen jetta and passat car.
4. Explain with neat sketch construction and working of telescopic shock absorber.
ANS.:-
Working: When the vehicle comes across a bump the lower eye
moves up. Therefore the fluid passes from the lower side of the valve
A to its upper side but since the volume of the space above valve A is
less than the volume of the rod the fluid exerts pressure on the valve B.
This pressure of the fluid through the valve opening provides the
damping force. Similarly when the lower eye moves down the fluid
passes from the upper side of the valve A to the lower side and also
from the lower side of the valve B to its upper side.

5. Student A: Underinflation increases the rolling resistance of a tire.

Student B: Underinflation causes hard steering, decrease in fuel economy and tire life.
Who is correct and why?
6. Sketch telescopic shock absorber and label main parts.

7. Compare Radial tyre with cross ply tyre.

ANS.:-
8. Write any four advantages of tubeless tyre over tube tyre.
9. Explain the procedure for wheel balancing of car.
ANS.:- First remove wheel from the vehicle, place the wheel on bubble or static balancer If the wheel is
heavier in one section, the bubble in the center of balancer will move off cetre. Balance the wheel by
adding wheel weights to the rim until the bubble is centered. Steel wheel and aluminum wheels may
require different types of clip on weight. Aluminium wheel may require adhesive or stock on weight.
10. List various types of rims used in automobiles.
ANS.:- 1) Drop Centre Rim
2) Flat Base Rim
11. Explain the necessity of wheel balancing.
ANS.:- 1) Wheel imbalance causes wheel tramp, wheel hop, makes the tier vibrate up and down
2) Centrifugal forces try to throw heavy arcas outward when the wheel is spinning
3) Weight must be evenly distributed around the axis of rotation
4) Wheel balancing is necessary to balance the wheel and distribute the weight of wheel evenly.
12. Students A: Mac-Pherson suspension system is more preferred because of riding comfort it provides.
Student B: Mac-Pherson suspension system is not preferred because it is heavier than Wishbone
suspension system.
Who is correct/wrong and why?

CHAPTER 5

13. Explain wire harness.

ANS.:- The group of wires are wrapped together to form wiring harness. Most vehicles have several
wiring harness which run throughout the body. Wiring harnesses connects the light with the battery and
alternator. So the electrical system of a car (wiring harness) has two main functions.
1) It must supply electrical energy to start and operate the engine.
2) It must provide the power to operate the lights, instrument and other electrical accessories.
14. Explain working of battery ignition system with neat sketch.
15. Describe with neat sketch working of alternator.
ANS.:- Working: It consists of an
electromagnetic rotor which is
energized form the current of the
battery through brush and slip ring
assembly. Rotor is rotated by belt
and pulley arrangement get power
form engine stator winding is
wound around the rotor. The
rectifier circuit consisting of diodes
is connected to the stator winding.
Diodes are electronic device that allows current to flow only in one direction. When the electromagnetic
rotor is turned its magnetic lines of force cut the stationary stator loop. This induces a current in the stator
winding. Through the electromagnetic rotor reverses its polarity the alternating current produces in the stator
winding is converted to direct current by the diodes
16. Sketch a cut section showing construction of battery. Label the components and state their functions.
17. Write different wire colour codes used in automobile wiring system.
ANS.:-

18. Explain the construction and working of Bendix drive.

ANS,:- Bendix drive is an inertia based drive in which the pinion on the starter motor armature engages
and disengages with the flywheel depending on the inertia of motor and flywheel. When the ignition
switch is turned 'ON', the starter motor armature starts spinning. This causes the sleeve to rotate while the
pinion is stationary due to the unbalanced weight. The pinion hence moves axially towards the collar until
it engages with the flywheel ring gear. Since the pinion cannot move further axially, its starts to rotate
along with the sleeve thereby also rotating the flywheel. When the flywheel starts rotating at above 100
rpm the engine gets starts. After the engine has started the pinion gear is turned by the engine much faster
than rotated by starting motor. This causes, the pinion gear to turn back on the threaded sleeve, making it
disengaged with the flywheel.
19. Explain the electronic ignition system with sketch.
ANS.:- Electronics Ignition system is
similar to conventional point type Ignition
System with a small difference. Electronics
Ignition system is provided with Electronic
control unit which opens and close the
primary circuit instead of contact breaker
point as in Contact breaker point ignition
system.
Electronics Ignition system is having two
circuits Primary and Secondary circuit.
Battery, primary winding, ECU and the
timer forms primary circuit. Where as
secondary winding, distributor and spark plug forms secondary circuit. A timer is employed in the
distributor instead of contact Spark breaker. This timer may be Pulse generator or Hall- effect switch
which Triggers the Ignition module also called as electronic control unit. This control unit primarily
contains transistor circuit whose current is triggered off and on by timer which results in the stopping and
starting of the primary circuit. The secondary circuit worked in the similar manner as in conventional
contact breaker type. i.e when the magnetic field collapses it induces current in the secondary winding
having more number of turns. This results in development of very high voltage necessary to generate the
spark at the spark plug.
20. State advantages of electronic ignition system.
ANS.:- 1. No moving part, it translate the control and reliability impossible to achieve any mechanical
system.
2. Better starting with cold engine. Fast build up of output voltage

3. Less possibility of arcing at spark plug. Spark plug fouling is greatly reduced.

4. Longer life due to stable timing.

5. Produce a maximum output voltage which is attainted in a very short time and with a very limited
discharge, resulting in regular engine running, even with dirty/foul spark plug and wide, plug gap.

6. No change in ignition timing due to absence of C.B. point, Cam, etc. which expose to wear and tear.

7. High voltage at secondary circuit throughout engine speed range.

8. Input current and output available voltage are constant over a wide speed range.
21. Explain all batteries rating.
ANS.:-
22. State the need of charging system. Explain construction and operation of charging system used in
automobiles.
23. Explain testing of lead acid battery. Elaborate procedure of testing.
24. Sketch and explain working of fuel level gauge.
ANS.:- A fuel gauge (or gas gauge) is an instrument used to indicate the level of fuel contained in a tank.
Commonly used in most motor vehicles, these may also be used for any tank including underground storage
tanks. As used in vehicles, the gauge consists of two parts:
=The sensing unit
=The indicator
The sensing unit usually uses a float
connected to a potentiometer,
typically printed ink design in a
modern automobile. As the tank
empties, the float drops and slides a
moving contact along the resistor,
increasing its resistance. In
addition, when the resistance is at a
certain point, it will also turn on a
"low fuel" light on some vehicles.
Most new cars have an arrow on the
fuel gauge. It indicates which side
the gas tank is on.
Meanwhile, the indicator unit
(usually mounted on the dashboard)
is measuring and displaying the
amount of electric current flowing
through the sending unit. When the
tank level is high and maximum
current is flowing, the needle points to "F" indicating a full tank. When the tank is empty and the least
current is flowing, the needle points to "E" indicating an empty tank.
1. Student A says that the reserve rating of a battery is the amount of steady current that a fully charged
battery can supply for 20 hours without the voltage falling below 10.5 volts.
Student B says that ampere-hour ratings state how many hours the battery is capable of supplying 25
amperes.
Who is correct & why?
2. Define HGV,LGV & Driver, Passenger
ANS.:- HGV:A( Heavy Goods Vehicle) heavy goods vehicle" means any goods carriage the gross vehicle
weight of which, or a tractor or a road-roller the unladen weight of either of which, exceeds 12,000
kilograms.
LGV: Light goods vehicle (LGV)light motor vehicle" means a transport vehicle or omnibus the gross
vehicle weight of either of which or a motor car or tractor or road-roller the unladen weight of any of
which, does not exceed 7.500 kilograms.
"Driver" includes, in relation to a motor vehicle which is drawn by another motor vehicle, the person
who acts as a steersman of the drawn vehicle.
3. Describe collapsible steering column with neat sketch.
ANS.:- Collapsible steering column- in case of an accident it reduces the driver's risk of hitting the
steering wheel. This steering mechanism is introduced to enhance vehicle safety when collision occurs to
protect the driver from causing serious injured.
1. Steering column assembly
2. Steering column
3. Intermediate shaft
4. Universal joint
5. Power assisted steering column connecting the gearbox
Collapsible steering column consists of a long shaft. The long shaft consist of two shafts or column
interlock with the intermediate shaft with inner and outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is present on shaft
connecting the gearbox
The sleeve is provided with number of steel bearings pressed in between sleeve, the inner shaft to slip
inside the housing like a telescopic manner and when compressed during crashed occurs by absorbing
energy from the impact.
The long shaft is connected the steering wheel to the vehicle's gearbox.
4. Draw a neat sketch of Traffic sign STOP and NO PARKING.
5. Draw labelled layout of a modern service station used in automobile workshop.
6. List any four records to be kept in service station.
ANS.:- 1. Change the engine oil
2. Replace the oil filter
3. Replace the air filter
4. Replace the fuel filter
5. Replace the cabin or a/c filter
6. Replace the spark plugs
7. Describe duties and responsibilities of RTO.
ANS.:-
• Conducting driving tests
• Issuing and renewing the driving licenses
• Inspecting the vehicle insurance
• Clearing the pollution test
• Collection of road fund licenses and road tax/excise duty
• Granting international driving licenses
• Maintaining the database of the registered vehicles
• Selling customized registrations
• Providing badges to the taxi and auto rickshaw
8. Draw organization chart of commissioner of transport
9. Explain significance of a service station.
10. Explain the type of road safety signs with examples.