.

INTRODUCTION

The Executive Engineer 12 th Division, U.P. Jal Nigam, Krishna Nagar Mathura

Department, AMU, Aligarh to carry out health

approached the Civil Engineering
Head Water Tank in Nagar Panchayat Chhata, Mathura
monitoring of existing Over
of Civil Engineering Departiment,
AMU, Aligarh constituted a
The Chairperson
desired purpose. The experts along with technical staf
committee of experts for the
the visit the members of the U.P. lal
visited the proposed sites on July 23, 2020. During
team. The details of correspondence and proforma
Nigam also accompanied with the
table.
bill are provided in the following

Letter No. & Demand Draft No. wMth Amount in Rs.

Date date
003345dated 12.03.2020 47200/-
341/Testing/21
dated

March 18,2020

physical observations, NDT tests, analysis, results,

The details of the methodology,
existing Over Head Water Tank in Nagar
conclusions and recommendations for

described in the following sections.

Panchayat, Chhata, Mathura are

METHODOLOGY
2.

was carried out by standard non-destructive tests practices universally

The assessment
Pulse
worldwide. The non-destructive tests (Rebound hammer Test and Ultra Sonic
accepted
being considered some powerful methods for evaluating the existing
Velocity Test) are now

concrete structures with regard

to their strength and durability. Its use has gained momentum
tne
last few decades owing to the ease of operation. It can very well supplement
over the
concrete in

other findings
for a reasonably good estimation of the strength of a deteriorated
tor tne
structure. Visual inspection and non-destructive tests have been chosen
distressed
present study

2.1 Visual Inspection

Visual inspection is one of the most versatile and powerful of the non-destrucuvc
of
Visual inspection
can provide a lot
ofinformation that may lead to positive identification

4
the cause of observed distress. Visual inspection has the obvious limitations that only visihle
surface can be inspected. Internal delects go unnoticed and no quantitative informiodi on is
obtained about the properties otf the structure. For these reasons visual inspection is tisuall
supplemented by one or more non-aestructive tests. In the present investigation Schmidt

Rebound Hammer Test and Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Test has been used. The teanm af
experts critically observed the site and carried out Non-destructive tests at various critical

sections of columns and beams. A brief description regarding their principal and working is
is

given below.

2.2 Sehmidt Rebound Hammer Test

It consists of a spring-controlled mass that slides

on a plunger within a tubular housing. When
the surface of the concrete, the spring-
the plunger of rebound hammer is pressed against
rebound depends upon the surface hardness
controlled rebounds and the extent of such
mass

and therefore the rebound is taken to be related to the

of concrete. The surface hardness
concrete. The rebound is
read off along a graduated scale andi
compressive strength of the
the test, the hammer is held at
as the rebound
number or rebound index. During
designated smooth. The test is
turn should flat and
of the sample which in
to the surface
right angle and its water content. If the
like local variations in the sample
sensitive to other factors across
flaws or heterogeneity
member has internal micro-cracking,
concrete in a particular
same. Prior to testing,
hammer indices will not indicate the
rebound for
the cross-section, the manufacturer
test anvil provided by
calibrated using a calibration
hammer should be of the
a convenient
and rapid indication
method provides
that purpose. The rebound hammer between the
a suitable correlation
m e a n s of establishing
compressive strength of concrete by out that
rebound

of concrete. It is also pointed

rebound index and the compressive strength from the surtaàce.
to a limited depth
strength of
concrete
are
indicative of compressive lowest ones
indices are
of which the highest and
taken out
12 readings are generally
A total of are taken.
of the remaining ten readings
then the average
dropped and

Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Method of the

2.3
23 homogeneity
establish the
be used to
method could
The ultrasonic pulse velocity changes in
tne
stustandard
other imperfections,
voids and
of cracks, in relation
concrete, the
presence concrete

the quality of the

occur with time,
concrete which may
the
sqirements, the quality of one
erement ot concrete in relation to.

dynamic elastic modulus of the concrete. another, and the

values of
nltrasonic pulse is generated by an electro acoustical
into the concrete from a transducer, it transducer. When
undergoes multiple reflectione
of the different material
>e
phases within the concrete. A
is developed which includes complex system of t
longitudinal, shear and
surface waves. The
stress
transducer detects the onset ot the receii ng
longitudinal waves, which is the
velocity of the
fastest. Becae
pulses is almost
independent of the geometry of the material the s

through which
hich
they pass and depends only on its elastic
properties, pulse velocity method is a
technique for investigating structural concrete. convenient

The underlying principle of

assessing the quality of concrete is that
velocities are obtained when the quality of concrete in comparatively higher
terms of density,
homogeneity and
uniformity is good. In case of poorer quality, lower velocities are obtained. If there is
a crack,
void or flaw inside the concrete which comes in the way of transmission of the
pulses, the
pulse strength attenuated, and it passes around the
is
discontinuity, thereby making the path
length longer. Consequently, lower velocities are obtained. The actual
pulse velocity obtained
depends primarily upon the materials and mix proportions of concrete.
Density and modulus
of elasticity of
aggregate also significantly affect the pulse velocity.
The ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete is mainly related to its density and moduaisS or

elasticity. This in tum, depends upon the materials and mix proportions used in making
Concrete as well as the method of placing, compaction and curing of concrete. Ihe quainy
COncrete in term of
uniformity, incidence or absence of internal flaws, cracks and segrega
c . can
be Judged using guidelines as per IS:13311 (Part-I); 1992 is given in labie

Table 1 Velocity Criterion for Concrete Quality Grading

S.No. Pulse velocity (Km/sec) Concrete quality grading.
Excellent
2 Above 4.5
3.5 to 4.5 Good
3.0 to 3.S Medium
Below 3.0 Doubtful
33. OBSERVATION, ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Deseription of site
3.1
litres capacity, 10.0 m high with 6.0 m dome diameter overhead RCC resemne
lconstruction year 1970) consists offive columns and brace beams which are
the
olumns at single level. Water tank is resting on single ring beam supported over the

columns. Fig. I shows the schematic plan and elevation of the overhead reservoir. Fig. 2
shows the photographic views of the overhead water tank. The columns are in circular share

snaced at 3.5m centre to centre. The diameter of the column is 400mm. The brace beam is of

size 200X450mm. The reservOir had a concrete staircase tor inspection and maintenance

purposes but it has

been found in completely damaged condition. For identification Durposes
I to 5. Brace beams are numbered with reference to the
the olumns are numbered as

columns (For example, brace beam between columns CI and C2 is

corresponding adjacent
numbered as C1-C2 or C2-C1).

documentation
3.2 Visual observation and

documentation were made on the structural members of the

The visual observation and
observed at many
spalling& chipping of
concrete was

overhead water tank. Delamination,

cracks were observed in the columns and
and in columns. Severe
places in brace beams observed at all
and cracks were

beams at different sections

also. Voids, honeycombing
brace of brace
of reinforcement bars at some places
level-I. Exposure
junctions of columns at 3. In general, it
was
observed as shown in Fig.
columns were also
beams and junctions of cover

compaction of concrete, inadequate

due to poor
observed that the damage was mainly were present at many
maintenance. Voids and honeycombs
thickness and also due to poor at junctions
in columns mainly
was more
severe. The damage
places where the damage was
darmaged, and
it

beam junctions.
The staircase was totally
levels and near the brace and
at various not proper
reinforcement was
tank. Detailing of
w a s not possible to
reach the top of the
bars were curtailed
at the same
section.
n
and most of the
the of the bars were improper
laps secpag were
was observed There
of concrete well
of the dome spalling & chipping
C LOm
was also reported by
the
tu
(Fig.4).lt
marks on the bottom and side wall of the tank is being
and watct
10 years back for seepage
repaired about
operator that the dome was
surrounding
alca

capacity. The
tank fillingwith half of its
Supplea to the users by
 idential
occupiedbyresidentiali buildings, primary school as well as State Bank of India, Sarai
Shahi
Chhata branch.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
3.3
the visual observations, the following non-destructive unli
Keeping in view identified at different components of the tank.
cted at the site and critical locations
were

Test
Rebound Hammer
3.3.1
Hammer Test has been conducted at variois
the present investigation Schmidt Rebound observed the site and carried out Non-
In
The team of experts critically
critical locations(Fig. 5). of coBumns and beams.
various critical sections
destructive tests at

Table 2 Rebound Hammer Test at CriticalSections Quality of

Rebound | No. of Average Compressive
Member Details Rebound strength Concrete
S.N. hammer Grid
direction points value (N/mm2)
13 Very poor
12
Column: C1, at ground level_ 12
12 Very poor
level 12 Very poor
2 Column: C2, at ground ievel 0 12 22
11 Very poor
Column: C5, at ground 21
Column: C3, at level-I
12 23 13 Very poor
0 2 10 Very poor
Column:C4,atlevelH 20
5
Beam, C1-C2 at level-i
0 12 23 13 Very p0or
6 Brace level-I 90 12
7 Brace Beam, C1-C2 at
of
different members
concrete in
indicate that quality of
from NDT test
The results obtained
the overhead tank is very poor.

4.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATiONS

observed
that the
tests it is
non-destructive
d

and also supported

by strength for
safety
Based on visual observation the normal required
and columns are well
below
primary
school as
well
a
of the beams residential buildings,
aus

Surength is surrounded by in 1970)

may
the structure AIso, the tank tank
(constructed
the e k r
overhead findings
of the and
state bank of India .Sudden
failur o b s e r v a t i o n s

of the above
loss of lives and property. In the light needs to be demolisneu.
heavy overhead water tank
the
e a m is
ofthe firm opinion that

8
5ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

on records
their appreciations to Shree P.K. Khandelual
The investigators placed Achok
Shree Yogesh Veer Tiwari; Assistant Engineer and Shree
Executive Engineer, extended all possible supnort
Engineer, Jal Nigam Mathura, who
Kumar Gautam, Junior from all other officers
overhead tank. The c0operation received
the
for the inspection of
acknowledged.
and staffs is also gratefully

REFERENCES

Mehta Paulo and J.M.

and Materials- P.K.
Microstructure, Properties
Concrete
1. Code of
for storage of liquids
-

Monteria, 1999
structures
2009: Concrete
2. IS: 3370 (Part ) -

Code of
for storage of liquids
-

practice Concrete s t r u c t u r e s
2009:
(Part I)
-

3. IS: 3370
concrete
practice for
practice
(Reaffirmed 1991,
1999): Code of
III) -

4. IS: 3370 (Part storage liquids. 1977

for the ACI Journal, Dec.
structures C o m m i t t e e 201 Report,
ACl Concrete-
Durable 1991 -97
Guide to Structures, CECRI,
5.
and Repair of
Concrete
Reinforced Concrete,
BIS, New
Rehabilitation
for Plain and
6. Code of
Practice

7. IS: 456 (2000)- American

Methods- V.M. Malhotra,
Delhi Concrete:
Non-destructive

Hardened
8. Testing Monograph
No. 9, 1976
Institute
Concrete
 ENDORSEMENT

had visited and inspected

overhead tanks personally. The matter provided this
The expert team
This report can't be used for any legal purposes
report is true to the best of our knowledge.

Ansari
Professor Sarfaraz Ali
(1)
Professor Mohammad Muzzammil
(2)
Professor Javed Alam
G)
Ahmad Ansari
Professor Mujib
(4)

Countersigned

by

Chairman

nChairman
Member Seeretary
Project Monitoring Committee
Civil Engg. Deptt.
gH cTGA.M.U.,Aliga
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

TECHNOLOGY
&
COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ZH.
AL ALIGARH-202002

2020