MAPEH 9
Instruments
MUSIC
ROMANTIC PERIOD
 is described as a cultural movement that
stressed emotion, imagination, individualism,
and freedom of expression
 Nationalism was incorporated in the music of
the romantic period
 Ludwig Van Beethoven bridged the music
 focuses on provoking emotion and passion
 music was used to evoke stories, places or
events
 nature was particularly popular subject
The Music Elements of Romantic Period
1. Rhythm- music's pattern in time
(movement, pattern)
2. Dynamics- loudness / softness of sound
3. Melody- tune, voice or line
4. Harmony- the sound of two or more notes
heard simultaneously
5. Tone color- refers to the specific sounds
created by an instrument that distinguishes it
from any other instrument
6. Texture-the effect of the different layers of
sound in a piece of music, and the
relationship between them
7. Form - the structure of a musical
composition (verse 1, chorus, verse 2, chorus,
bridge, Chorus)
The Main Characteristics of Romantic Music
 Freedom of form and design.
 Song-like melodies (lyrical) (expressing the
writer's emotions in an imaginative and
beautiful way)
 Dramatic contrasts of dynamics and pitch
 Big orchestras- (the orchestra had become a
great force due to its increasing size
including the following: strings - larger
string section. woodwind - flutes and
piccolo, oboes and clarinets, bassoon and
double bassoons. brass - trumpets,
trombones and French horns)
 Wide variety of pieces
 Programme music (opera, lieder(song),
ballet)
 Shape was brought to work through the use
of recurring themes
 Great technical virtuosity (highly skilled
performer)
 Nationalism (ideology that emphasizes
loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a
nation or nation-state)
Romantic music can be recognized for:
 larger orchestras
 use of rubato - slight speeding up and
slowing down of the music
 adventurous harmonies and modulations
 All of these features create interest and
variety for the listener
the orchestra had become a great force due to its
increasing size
strings - larger string section
woodwind - flutes and piccolo, oboes and
clarinets, bassoon and double bassoons
brass - trumpets, trombones and French horns
(tuba added later in the period)
percussion - full percussion section
key – piano
Types of Romantic Music
The symphony for orchestra
-a large piece of work with four movements, was
louder and longer
-the improvement in instrumental build, along
with the increased number of players
-ensured that a romantic orchestra could have
lots of dynamic contrast - including exaggerated
crescendo, and diminuendo
-lots of timbral colors
Instrumental music
-continued to develop and virtuoso compositions
were created
FORM AND STYLE
New Types of Composition
Several dances –
waltz- popular ballroom dance, fashionable in
Vienna, Austria
-has soft, round, flowing movements,
-often performed in large coffee houses and
ballrooms
polonaise- folk dance, couples dance that was
stately and slow
POLANAISE - a stately march like Polish Dance,
or music for piano primarily a promenade by
couples.
mazurka- lively Polish folk dance, intended for a
circle of couples and characterized by the
stamping of feet and clicking of heels, traditionally
danced to the music of a village band.
Chopin – virtuoso pianist
Pieces with certain character
Nocturne-is a musical composition that is
inspired by, or evocative of, the night
Prelude-an introductory piece of music, most
commonly an orchestral opening to an act of an
opera
Rhapsody- one-movement work
Concert Overture – one movement piece
musical composition, usually the orchestral
introduction to a musical work (often dramatic)
Songs - German type of song-LIED
Schubert
Lieder Lyrics – written for solo voice with piano
accompanimen
Orchestra – a new kind of symphony Programme
Symphony Carnival of the Animals (Saint – Saens)
 for Music for Art
COMPOSERS : Nationalism Chopin from (Nationalism)
Poland, wrote nationalism
Violin and Strings Music music that became an
Niccolo Paganini promoted important
Piano Music nationalism factor in
Frederic Chopin by encouraging
Franz Liszt incorporating revolutionary
Robert Schumann folk music activity
Program Music - Programmatic music tells a for Music for Art
story through instruments Nature Bedrich (Nature)
Hector Berlioz Smetana capture the
Peter Tchaikovsky combined the power and
Camille Saint-Saens themes of beauty of
nationalism nature was a
Characteristics of the Romantic Style and nature in tempting
1. Beauty of the untamed, natural world his work challenge
2. Attractiveness of the pastoral life 'Die Moldau, for artists
3. Freedom
4. Imagination
5. Emotion Musical improvisation (also known as musical
6. Lack of authority extemporization) is the creative activity of
7. Rights of the individual immediate ("in the moment") musical composition,
which combines performance with communication
How am I related to music? of emotions and instrumental technique as well as
Music and for Music for Art spontaneous response to other musicians.
the Art in Using bold tone (painting)
the colors, a term Depicts a Throughout the eras of the Western art music
Romantic that describes scene of tradition, including Romantic periods,
Period the unique intense improvisation was a valued skill.
sound of a suffering and Tchaikovsky, Chopin, Liszt, and many other
Emotional musical desperation. famous composers and musicians were known
Subjectivit instrument. To especially for their improvisational skills.
y expand the tone
color options PIANO MUSIC
available, several  Sheet music to be played on a piano.
new instruments It is a free form.
were added to Example: fantasy, rhapsody, ballade
the orchestra nocturne
during this PROGRAM MUSIC
era.
Musical composition intended to depict or
suggest non-musical incidents, ideas or images.
Expressed in tone poems.
Example: symphony fantastique
for Music for Art Most of the musical composition of the era portray
Contemporary Ludwig van (Politics) literature, history, emotions and nature.
Events Beethoven's thir Romantics
d symphony. often created ROMANTIC PERIOD COMPOSERS
Originally art based on
composed as a contemporary A. Violin and Strings Music
tribute to events,
Napoleon especially 1. Niccolo Paganini
Bonaparte those related Born October 27, 1782 ( Italy )
to politics. Playing the mandolin ( 5 )
Violin ( 7 )
Famous violin virtuoso in the world
Amazing skills ( violin ) gift from the devil and that
he sold his soul in exchange for those skills
To have a problem with women and gambling
B. PIANO MUSIC His father is a physician sent him to a medical
school/ ended up pursuing a career in music
1. FREDERIC CHOPIN Famous musical compositions five movement
- “ POET of the PIANO “ symphony
Born MARCH 1, 1810 Poland Died October 17, “ Symphonie Fantastique “ Fantastic Symphony
1849 Paris
Play piano ( 4 ) 2. PETER IIYICH TCHAIKOVSKY
Composed Polonaise ( 7 )
Born May 7, 1840 Russia
Well – known composition – FANTASIE
Known for his ballet music
Wife George Sand a famous French Writer
Studied law / law clerk St. Petersburg
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
He rebelled and began to study music
Mazurkas and Polonaise express his love for
A big fan of Mozart
Poland
Marital problems / become famous after
Ballade Prelude
composing the musical poem “ FATUM “ , ‘
Etude Waltz
ROMEO and JULIET ‘
Mazurka Impromptu
Died due to Cholera
Nocturne Scherzo
Works:
Polonaise Sonata
Swan Lake
2. FRANZ LISZT 1812 Overture
Virtuosity (works) Sleeping Beauty
Virtuoso pianist, composer Romeo and Juliet
Busiest musician
Played and studied in Vienna / Paris 3. CAMILLE SAINT – SAENS
Born in Hungary -Known as a talented musician from an early age
He understood sight reading -October 9, 1835 Paris
( 6 ) father ( first teacher ) -started his music through the help of his aunt by
Liszt heard the virtuoso violinist Niccolo Paganini teaching him piano lesson ( 2 )
perform so he decided to dedicate himself in compose piano piece ( 3 )
becoming a virtuoso pianist -Composer who creates elegant music, neat,
clean, polished and never excessive
Piano Works
WORKS :
La Campanella
The Swan
Liebestraume No.3
The Carnival of the Animals
Hungarian Rhapsodies
3. ROBERT SCHUMANN
Beautifully combined music and words
Composer / music critic
Born 1810 Zwickau
Father ( study law ) Leipzig
Friedrich Wieck – how to play piano
1830, he developed a problem with his hands,
effectively ending his dreams as a pianist
1834, music journal
2 pseudonyms
Eusebius ( his sensitive , lyrical side )
Florestan ( his fiery, stormy side )
WORKS:
- Carnaval , OPUS 9 ( 1835 ) A portrait of a
masked ball attended by his allies and his beloved
Clara.
- Overture , Scherzo
- Finale,Opus 52(a mini symphony)

C. PROGRAM MUSIC
Is an instrumental composition that conveys
images or scenes to tell a story without text or
lyrics

1. HECTOR BERLIOZ
Is a French
Romantic composer
Born December 11, 1803
Learned to play guitar and flute
 - looked to - works that
Roman styles concern about
ARTS during the time the human
Arts of the Neoclassic and Romantic Periods of Alexander world and
the great for those that
Neoclassicism ( 1780 – 1840 )
inspiration as concern the
Neos – New well as to natural world
Classicus – first class mimic their - social art
 Western Movement with the influence of style dynamic,
Classical Art (Greek /Rome) - marble emotional
ROMANTICISM, 1800s-1810s sculpture that style and

Sculpture
• a movement in which the artists of delicately many
Neoclassical period sought to break new rendered nude monuments
flesh - Animals
ground in the expression of emotion, both
- idea of anatomy of
subtle and stormy. portraying his subjects
• distinctive themes, such as a longing for discrete sexual (sketching)
history, supernatural elements, social pleasures by
injustices, and nature. using contours
with
I. II. mythological
Art forms Neoclassicism Romanticism compositions
, , - sculptures of
mythological
- embraced (Portraits / and religious
the ideals of Figures) themes
order and - emphasize -a style - feature
moderation in on emotion principally castellation
which artistic - expressed derived from in which the
interpretations much feelings the walls and
of classic and passion architecture towers are
Architecture

Greek and - energetic,

Roman history powerful,
of Classical crenelated in
restored to brilliantly Greece and imitation of
realistic colored, and Rome and the Medieval
portrayal tightly architectural castles.
Painting

- gave great composed designs of the

importance to - visual effects Italian
the costumes, using small, architect
settings, and adjacent Andrea
details of stokes of
Palladio
classical contrasting
subject-matter color
- temple style
- subject more (Landscape)
on history - physical Neoclassicism
- nude world that
portraits, and surrounds us Neoclassicism: REASON
mythological - ranges from Nature is defined as human nature
themes highly detailed Society more important than individual
and realistic
Imitation
Tradition
Rules and order
Mechanical form (imposed from outside)
Logic
Reason
Attempted objectivity
Town or cultivated landscape
Constraint
Conformity
Cultivated, formal, social
 It shows the portrayal of a revolutionary leader
Jean-Paul Mart.

THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER (J. Ingres)

This painting was a state commission by Charles
X to have himself remembered in the building
works of the Louvre. The painting depicts an
image of Homer, receiving all of the brilliant men
of Rome, Greece, and contemporary times.

Sculpture
Romanticism
Romanticism: PASSION
Nature is defined as natural environment
(woods, mountains, etc.)
Individual more important than society
Originality
Experimentation
Freedom
PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS
Organic form (growing from inside) (A. Canova)
Intuition It is a marble sculpture portraying the
Imagination, Emotion relationship of Psyche and Cupid.
Accepted subjectivity
Country, preferably untouched nature
Spontaneity
Independence, Rebellion
The primitive becomes focus

. Neoclassic
Characteristics:
- rebirth of Roman history
- formal composition CHRIST (B. Thorvaldsen)
- the use of diagonals shows the apex of It is a marble sculpture image of resurrected
emotion/moment Christ
(versus a regular moment)
Architecture
- local color
- overall lighting
- classic geo-structure

Painting

PANTHEON, Paris
It is an example of temple style building, design
was based on an ancient temple

The Death of Marat ( J. David )

WHITE HOUSE
It is an example of Palladian building, was based
THE THIRD OF MAY (F. Goya)
on Andrea Palladio’s style of villa construction.
This is Goya’s masterpiece sought to
commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon’s
armies during the occupation of 1808 in the
Peninsular War.
Painting (Landscape)

LIBRARY OF SAINTE-GENEVIÈVE (H. Labrouste)

The building features a rectangular or square
plan, with a flat roof and an exterior rich in
classical detail.

LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES (J. Corot)

Romantic
Characteristics:
- shows the height of action
- emotional extremes
- celebrated nature as out of control
- dramatic compositions
- heightened sensation (life and death
moments)
Painting (Portraits/ Figures)

LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN (T. Rousseau)

Sculpture

THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA (T. Géricault)

The Raft of the Medusa portrays the victims
of a contemporary shipwreck. The people on this
raft were French emigrants en route to West
Africa.

DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS (F. Rude)

Known as La Marseillaise, this work portrays the
goddess liberty urging the forces of the French
Revolution onward.

LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE (E. Delacroix)

This painting commemorates the July Revolution
of 1830, which toppled King Charles X of France.
A woman personifies Liberty and leads the people
forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding
the flag of the French Revolution.

HERCULES SITTING ON A BULL (A. Barye)

Architecture Iconic artists of the neoclassic and romantic
period
Neoclassical
Neoclassical Painting - Neoclassical artists
embraced the ideals of order and
moderation in which artistic interpretations
of classic Greek and Roman history were
restored to realistic portrayals. Neoclassical
painters give great importance about the
WESTMINSTER PALACE (LONDON) costumes, settings and details of classical
also known as the House of Parliament subject-matter without adding distracting
details but with as much historical accuracy as
possible.
a. Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
An influential French painter in the
Neoclassical style and considered to be the pre-
eminent painter of the era. His subjects of
paintings are more on history.
- The Death of Marat, Napoleon Crossing the
Alps, Oath of the Horatii
ST. PATRICK’S CATHEDRAL b. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-
(MANHATTAN) 1867)
Ingres is a pupil of Jacques Louis David and
is influenced by Italian Renaissance painters
like Raphael. His paintings are usually nudes,
portraits and mythological works. He is
ELEMENTS
regarded as one of the great exemplars of
NEOCLASSICISM ROMANTICISM
"academic art" and one of the finest “Old
intuition, Masters” of his era.
Values order, solemnity emotion, - Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne,
imagination The Apotheosis of Homer
Medieval and Neoclassical Sculpture - The Neoclassical
Classical Rome,
Baroque eras, period was one of the great ages of public
Inspiration patriotism,
Middle and sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles
courage, honor
Far East during the time of Alexander the Great for
subjective, inspiration as well as to mimic their style.
Tone calm, rational spontaneous, a. Antonio Canova (1757-1822) Italy
nonconformist He was a prolific Italian sculptor who
legends, became famous for his marble sculptures that
Greek and exotica, delicately rendered nude flesh. He opened the
Subjects
Roman history nature, idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by
violence using pure contours with his mythological
Stressed drawing compositions.
unrestrained, - Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss,
with
rich color; Washington
Technique lines, not color;
visible
no trace of
brushstrokes b. Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-1838) Denmark
brushstroke
dramatic, - was the first internationally acclaimed
morally uplifting, Danish artist. He executed sculptures of
Role of art carry viewer
inspirational mythological characters.
away
- Christ, Lion of Lucerne
use of
most figures in diagonal, Neoclassical architecture - is a style
Composition principally derived from the architecture of
foreground crowded
compositions Classical Greece and Rome and the architecture
of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
Linear style
a. Temple style - building features a design
(outlines are Painterly style
based on an ancient temple
sharply (brushstrokes
Lines (peristyle)
defined through are less
- Jacques-Germain Soufflot - Greek – based
controlled restrained)
(Pantheon, Paris)
brushstrokes)
- Robert Smirke - Roman – based
smooth, no often has (British Museum)
Texture brushstrokes visible - Pierre-Alexandre Vignon - La Madeleine de
can be seen brushstrokes Paris
b. Palladian style - is based on Andrea
Palladio’s style of villa construction.
(balustrade)
- Robert Adam (1728-1792) Britain (White
House, United States Capitol)
c. Classical Block Style - building features a
rectangular or square plan
- Henri Labrouste - Library of Sainte-Genevieve
- Charles Garnier- Palais Garnier
Romantic Period
Romantic painting (Portraits/Figures) - focus
on emotion, artists expressed as much feeling
and passion as it could be on to a canvas.
a. Jean Louis Theodore Gericault (1791-
1824) France
is the first French master and the leader of
the French realistic school. His masterpieces
are energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and
tightly composed.
- The Raft of the Medusa, Charging Chasseur,
Insane Woman
b. Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) France
He was considered the greatest French
Romantic painter of all. He achieved brilliant
visual effects using small, adjacent strokes of
contrasting color. He was the most influential to
the most of Romantic painters and eventually,
his technique was adopted and extended by the
Impressionist artists.
- Liberty Leading the People
c. Francisco Goya (1746-1828) Spain
Francisco Goya is a commissioned
Romantic painter by the King of Spain. He is
also a printmaker regarded both as the last of
the “Old Masters” and the first of the
“Moderns”.
- The Third of May, Saturn Devouring His Son,
The Burial of Sardine
Romantic painting (Landscape Painting) -
Landscape painting depicts the physical world
that surrounds us.
a. Theodore Rousseau - Der kleine Fischer,
Landscape with a Plowman
b. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot - The Church
of Marissel, near Beauvais
- Le repos
sous les Saules
- members of Barbizon School (a circle of
artists who held meetings in the village of
Barbizon) that led the Romantic landscape
painting in France
Romantic sculpture - can be divided into
works that concern about
the human world and those that concern the
natural world.
a. François Rude (1784-1855) France
- was best known for his social art which
inspires and captures the interest of a broad
public.
- Departure of the Volunteers, Jeanne D’ARC
b. Antoine-Louis Barye (1796-1875) France
- the most famous animal sculptor of all time,
studied the anatomy of his subjects by
sketching residents of the Paris zoo
- Hercules Sitting on a Bull, Theseus Slaying a
Minotaur
GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE
(NEOGOTHIC) - buildings features castellation
which is the crenelated walls and towers in
imitation of medieval castle
a. Charles Barry - Westminster Palace London
(House of Parliament)
b. James Renwick - St. Patrick’s Cathedral
(Manhattan)
- they uses the Neogothic style
FILIPINO ARTISTS
a. FÉLIX RESURRECCIÓN HIDALGO Y
PADILLA (1855-1913)
- Felix Hidalgo was acknowledged as one of the
great Filipino painters of the late 19th century
and also as significant in Philippine history for
having been an acquaintance and inspiration
for members of the Philippine reform movement.
- THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS BEING EXPOSED
TO THE POPULACE
b. JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO (1857-1899)
- is a painter and sculptor and he became one
of the first recognized Philippine artists. He was
also a political activist of the Philippine
Revolution during the late 19th century.
- SPOLIARIUM
c. FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO (1892-
1972)
- is a National Artist in Painting. He was a
portraitist and painter of rural Philippine
landscapes. Also, he was popularly known for
his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of
light.
- PLANTING RICE WITH MAYON VOLCANO
d. GUILLERMO ESTRELLA TOLENTINO
(1890–1976)
- is a Filipino sculptor who was named National
Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973, and is hailed
as the “Father of Philippine Arts.”
-PAMBANSANG BANTAYOG NI ANDRES
BONIFACIO, OBLATION
NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM 1740-1850
The Neoclassical movement coincided with
the 18th century Age of Reason also known as the
Age of Enlightenment. The art style in this period
was brought about by the renewed interest in
Greek and Roman classics. Neoclassical art pieces
such as paintings, sculptures, and architectures
generally portrayed Roman history which elevated
the Roman heroes.
Arts of the Neoclassic Period are artworks
produced in the late 18th century. These
artworks are influenced by Ancient Greece and
Ancient Rome. Some of the famous artists of the
Neoclassic Period are Jean-Auguste-Dominique
Ingres, Jacques-Louis David, Robert Smirke,
Robert Adam, Antonio Canova, and Bertel
Thorvaldsen. Neoclassic style is highly visible in
paintings, sculptures and architectures of the Festivals have been consistent crowd-producing
18th century. activity leading to upliftment of a community’s
economy due to its tourism and entertainment
Romanticism was a movement in which the value.
artists of Neoclassical period sought to break new It attracts foreign and domestic tourists to visit a
ground in the expression of emotion, both subtle place eventually leading to the elevation of the
and stormy. It embraced a number of distinctive Filipino’s quality of life.
themes, such as longing for history, supernatural
elements, social injustices and nature. RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
Name of Place of Religious Month
Romanticism is highly contrasted with Festival Origin Figure Celebrated
Neoclassicism. It is a reaction to the classical, Sinulog Cebu City Sto. Nino January
contemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces. It Festival
seeks Dinagyang Iloilo City Sto. Nino January
modernism and express emotion through art. Festival
Famous artists were Jean Louis Théodore Ati-Atihan Kalibo, Sto. Nino January
Géricault, Eugene Delacroix, Francisco Goya, Aklan
François Rude and Antoine-Louis Barye. Peñafrancia Bicol Virgin September
Landscape painting became more popular due to Mary
people’s Romantic adoration of nature. Théodore
Higantes Angono, Saint November
Rousseau and Jean Baptiste-Camille Corot led the
Festival Rizal Clement
Romantic landscape painting in France. Gothic
revival architectural movement began in the late Longanisa Vigan Saint January
1740s in England. It is widely used for churches Festival City, Paul
and civic buildings throughout the West, Ilocos Sur
especially in Britain and the United States. Kinabayo Dapitan James July
Festival City the Great
PE Pintados Passi City, Sto. Niño March
Dancing is a great aerobic workout which is not Festival Iloilo
only fun and entertaining; it also provides great Pattarradd Santiago Senor May
number of astounding health benefits. It consists ay City San
of different unique steps that are choreographed Tiago
to music.
Sangayaw Tacloban Sto. Nino July
Festivals are a form of entertainment, wherein
Filipinos do primarily to celebrate. It draws the Festival City
people’s culture by portraying their way of life
through movements, costumes and place of origin. SECULAR/NON RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
Festival Dance Name of Place of Month
are cultural dances Festival Origin Celebrated
performed to the strong beats of percussion Bangus Dagupan, Milkfish April to
instruments by a community of people sharing the Festival Pangasinan Industry May
same culture usually done in honor of a patron
Bambanti Isabela Scarecrow January
saint or in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest
Festival (Farming)
It can be religious or secular
Mammangui City of Corn May
Festival Iligan Industry
Due to the Spanish influence on Filipino
Mango, Iba, Mango April
Catholic’s spirituality, most of these festivals are
Festival Zambales Industry
religious in origin. Others commemorate certain
Panagbenga Baguio City Flower February
important events in history of the country. No
Festival Industry
matter what the original meaning of the festival
Ibon Ebon Pampanga Migratory February
was, these days are usually marked with people
Festival Birds
garbed in elaborate costumes, overflowing food Egg
and drinks, fluvial parades, processions, Industry
competitions, and many more. Masskara Bacolod Mask October
Festival City (Sugar
Most of the festivals in the Philippines are Industry)
traditionally rooted in Christianity, and rightfully T’nalak Koronadal, Colorful January
so. Being under Spanish colonial rule for more Cotabato Abaca
than 500 years has largely shaped our festival Ammungan Nueva Gathering May
scene. A variety of events can happen in a Filipino Festival Vizacaya of Tribal
festival but you can expect processions, Holy Industries
Masses, parades, exhibits, trade fairs, pageants, Binatbatan Vigan, Weaving May
concerts, religious and cultural rituals, as well as Festival Ilocos Sur Industry
plays and re-enactments.
Sinulog Festival –held in celebration of one of the
country’s most famous historic relics: the Santo
Niño de Cebú. This was the statue of the baby
Jesus that was handed to the Rajah Humabon of
Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand
Magellan in 1521. This was one of the most
important events in the religious history of the
Philippines as it paved the way to the birth of
Christianity in the country.
Higantes Festival - The annual town’s fiesta of
Angono held every 23rd of November is a
celebration in honor of San Clemente (patron
saint of fishermen). The main event is a
procession of the patron saint, which is carried by
male devotees, convoyed by “pahadores” (devotees
dressed in colorful local costumes or fishermen’s
clothes, wooden shoes and carrying boat paddles,
fish nets, traps, etc.). Adding to the festivity is the
“Higantes” (giants).
Panagbenga Festival is an annual flower festival
celebrated every February which takes place in
Baguio City, Philippines. The term “Panagbenga”
comes from a Kankanaey term meaning “season of
blooming”. This festival reflects the history,
traditions and values of Baguio and the
Cordilleras. It lasts over a month long and
flourishes through community
Masskara Festival - started at a time of crisis and
disaster in the 1980s. The World Market prices for
sugar, the province’s monocrop, and main source
of livelihood went drastically down. Because of
these, two artists thought of promoting mask
making as an alternative source of income for the
locals and the Mayor decided to make a festival for
it. The smiling masks were a declaration of the
people of Bacolod City that they will pull through
and survive the challenges and tragedies that they
are facing. Hence, Bacolod is called “The City of
Smiles”.
Components of Body Movements
Locomotor and Non-Locomotor Movements
. Locomotor Movement - These are movements
that allow you to move from one point in space to
another. It is canned from 2 words, “locos”, which
means place, and motor which means movement.
Preparatory movements:
a. Step - This is the basis of all locomotor
movements. It prepares you to move in any
direction you wish to go. It is defined as transfer
of weight from one foot to the other.
b. Walk - Series of steps executed by both of your
feet alternately in any direction.
c. Run - Series of walks executed quickly in any
direction wherein only one foot stays on the
ground while the other is off the ground.
d. Jump - This movement is simply described by
having both feet lose its contact with the ground.
. Non Locomotor Movement - These are
movements that are performed in one point in
space without transferring to another point. They
don’t allow you to move from one place to the
other.
a. Flexion - It is the act of decreasing the angle of
a joint. Another term for flexion is to bend. If you
bend a joint, like your elbow or knee, you are
performing flexion.
b. Extension - This is the opposite of flexion. You
are extending if you are increasing the angle of a
joint. Stretching is another word for extension.
c. Contraction - A muscle movement done when
it shortens, narrows and tightens using sufficient
amount of energy in the execution.
d. Release - A muscle movement opposite to
contraction done when it let goes or let looses of
being held into a shortening movement.
e. Collapse - To deliberately drop the exertion of
energy into a body segment.
f. Recover - The opposite of collapse. This is to
regain the energy exerted into a body segment.
g. Rotation - To rotate is to move a body segment
allowing it to complete a circle with its motion.
Rotation can also be done in wrists, waist, knees
and ankles.
h. Twist - To move a body segment from an axis
halfway front or back or quarter to the right or left
as in the twisting of the neck allowing the head to
face right or left and the like.
i. Pivot - To change the position of the feet or any
body part that carries the body’s weight allowing
the body to face in a less than 360 degrees turn.
j. Turn - To move in a turning movement with a
base of support, usually a pointed foot, the other
raised, while equilibrium is maintained until the
completion of the turn
Health
First Aid – is an immediate and temporary care
given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured
First Aider
It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance is not available or delayed. It can mean
the difference between life and death in extreme
cases. However, we must know the limits of the
first aid we can give because improper first aid
can do more harm than good in some instances.
Roles of First Aid
It is bridge that fills the gap between the victim
and the physician.
It is not intended to compete with or to take the
place of the services of the physician.
It ends when the services of the physician begin.
Objectives of First Aid
To save lives
To prolong life
To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury
Vital signs are measures of various physiological
statistics taken to assess the most basic body
functions. The act of taking vital signs normally
entails recordings of body temperature, pulse rate
or heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
Before, Circulation, Airway and Breathing (CAB)
are mnemonics for essential steps used by both
medical professionals and lay persons such as
first aiders when dealing with a patient.
Signs are details discovered by applying your
senses-sight, touch, hearing and smell during the
examination.
Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or
experiences and may be able to describe.
Remember to spell C-A-B
The American Heart Association uses the letters
C-A-B — compressions, airway, breathing — to
help people remember the order to perform the
steps of CPR.
Compressions: Restore blood circulation
Airway: Open the airway
Breathing: Breathe for the person
Principles of
Wound Dressing
Dressing is an essential element of standard
wound care.
The main purpose of wound dressing
provide a temporary protective physical barrier,
absorb wound drainage,
provide the moisture necessary to optimize re-
epithelialization
The choice of dressing depends on the anatomical
and pathophysiological characteristics of the
wound. Contemporary wound dressings provide
additional benefits, such as antimicrobial
properties and pain relief
Techniques in Applying a Dressing
Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as
possible. Be sure not to touch the wound.
Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the
victim’s skin while you are trying to position it,
discard and use a fresh one.
Place the dressing over the wound.
Use a dressing that is large enough
to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges of the
wound
If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the
wound with a dressing that will stick.
Then secure the dressing with a bandage or
adhesive tape.
Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding,
for covering wounds and burns, and providing
support for immobilization for broken bones,
sprains, and strains.
Three main types of bandage
-Cloth can be used as cold compress, padding,
support for pressure, or support sling
-Ace bandage secures dressing in place
-Tubular bandage is used to support joints or
hold dressing in place. Smaller tubular bandage
used for finger injuries.
Cold compress is used to reduce swelling and
relieve pain, especially used for sprains and
Blanket Drag – Used when the victim is seriously
injured and should not be liftedstrains. Cold
packs can be used as cold compress. Hot
compress is also used to allow normal blood
circulation. Cold and hot compress are applied
alternately for closed wounds or contusions
Two Phases of Bandaging
Open Phase Bandaging is used for wounds on top
and back of the head, chest, back, hand and foot,
and as an arm sling.
Cravat Phase Bandaging is used for wounds that
need extra support like wound on the eye,
forehead, ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg,
elbow, knee, and palm and for a sprained ankle.
The narrower the cravat is, the greater pressure it
will give.
Carrying and Transporting an Injured Person
Transporting an injured person to a safer place
requires great care. A first aider must undergo
proper training.
FACTORS:
Weight and Height of the victim
Status of the victim
Environment
Special need considerations
One-man Transport
Fireman’s Carry –
The easiest way to transport a light and smaller 4. Apply ice on the injured part to reduce
victim swelling.
Piggyback –
When the victim is conscious Sprain is an injury to the ligaments of a bone due
Pack Strap Carry – When the victim is smaller to accidental tearing or over stretching.
than the first aider Strain is an injury to the muscles which is a
Shoulder Drag – Used when the floor is smooth, result of improper use of the muscles.
short distance transport
Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl – Used First Aid:
when first aider and victim must crawl 1. Rest the injured part
underneath a low structure 2. Apply ice
Blanket Drag – Used when the victim is seriously 3. Compress the injured part.
injured and should not be lifted 4. Elevate the injured part.

Heat Exhaustion is caused by loss of salt and

water due to excessively high temperature. This
may lead to heatstroke and even death.

First Aid:
Two-man Carry 1. Transport a victim to a cool place.
• Chair or Seat Carry – When there are two first 2. Give him/her plenty of water.
aiders and a chair is available. 3. Check for vital signs.
4. Seek medical help.
Three or More-man Carry
• Hammock Carry – When there are three first Food Poisoning is caused by consuming food or
aiders drink that is contaminated with bacteria or
• Bearer Alongside Carry – Carriers will stay on viruses.
the uninjured side of the victim
• Six Man Lift and Carry – When there are six First Aid:
first aiders 1. Help the person to lie down and rest.
2. Give him plenty of flavorless fluid to drink
FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL and a bowl to use if he/she vomits.
INJURIES 3. Call for medical help if the condition
worsens.
Many accidental injuries and emergencies can be
prevented by taking another look at your family's Choking results when a foreign object blocks the
environment, lifestyles, and risks. Finding throat.
problems early and responding quickly is crucial
in keeping situations manageable, and from First Aid:
becoming an emergency. It is important to know 1. Ask the person if he/she is choking.
the following for common unintentional injuries so 2. Encourage him/her to cough.
that you can be alert and to make and follow a 3. Check his/her mouth. If obstruction is not
program designed to help you and your family cleared, repeat the back blows and abdominal
stay safe. thrust.
4. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for
Fracture is a break or crack in a bone. An open an ambulance. Continue until help arrives.
fracture pierces the skin surface while in a closed
fracture the skin above is contact. Drowning happens when air cannot get into the
First Aid: lungs because of water. It can cause immediate
1. Check vital signs. death when taken for granted.
2. Do not move the injured part.
3. Stop bleeding if there is any. First Aid:
4. If you must move the person, immobilize 1. Lay down the person down on his/her back.
the part by splinting. 2. Check breathing and open airway.
5. Seek medical help immediately. 3. Give rescue breaths and chest compression
if necessary.
Dislocation is a partial or complete displacement 4. If the person is breathing, place him/her in
of the bones. the recovery position.
5. Treat for hypothermia by removing wet
First Aid: clothing and covering him/her with a dry blanket.
1. Call for help immediately.
2. Splint the affected part. Heart Attack is caused by a sudden obstruction
3. Do not try to move a dislocated part or force of blood supply to the part of the heart muscles.
it back into place.
First Aid:
1. Help the person sit or lie down with head
elevated.
2. Call for medical help.
3. If the person is conscious, give him/her a
full-dose aspirin and advice him/her to chew it
slowly.
4. Constantly monitor the vital signs. Be
prepared to give rescue breaths and chest
compression.

Chemical Burns may occur when electricity

passes through the body.

First Aid:
1. Make sure that contact with the electrical
source is broken.
2. Flood the sites of injury at the entry and
exit points of the current with plenty of cold water.
3. Wear disposable gloves and place a sterile
dressing or bandage
over the burn to protect it from airborne
infection.
4. Call for medical help.
5. Reassure the victim and treat for shock.

Heat Stroke is caused by a failure of the

“Thermostat” in the brain to regulate body
temperature. When this happens, the body
becomes seriously heated.

First Aid:
1. Move the person immediately to a cool
place.
2. Remove as much of his/her outer
clothing as possible.
3. Call for medical help.
4. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet and
keep the sheet wet until his temperature drops to
38o C or 37.5o C under the tongue or armpit,
respectively.
5. If the person has returned to normal
temperature, replace wet sheet with a dry one.
6. Monitor vital signs until the help comes.
7. If temperature rises, repeat the cooling
process.

Stroke is a condition in which the blood supply to

a part of the brain is suddenly and seriously
impaired by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel.

First Aid:
1. If the person is conscious, help him to lie
down with his/her head and shoulders slightly
raised supported.
2. Incline his/her head to the affected side
and place a towel on his/her shoulder to absorb
any dribbling.
3. Call for help.
4. Loosen any tight clothing.
5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the victim.
6. If the victim is unconscious, give rescue
breathing and chest compression
7. Call for an ambulance or call for help.