APPENDIX B

Transient-Stability Enhancement
in a Midpoint SVC-Compensated
SMIB System

Consider the single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) system depicted in Fig. 6.1(b),

in which the transmission line is compensated at the midpoint by an SVC.
Applying Kirchoff’s current law at the SVC bus, we have

V 1 /– d − V m /– (d / 2) V 2 /– 0 − V m /– (d / 2)
+ − V m /– (d / 2) . jBs c 0 (B.1)
j(X / 2) j(X / 2)

or

(V 1 /– d + V 2 /– 0)
V m /– (d / 2) c (B.2)
Xe

where

X
X e c 2 − Bs (B.3)
2

Equating the real and imaginary component of Eq. (B.3), we have

d 1
V m sin c V 1 sin d (B.4)
2 Xe
d 1
V m cos c (V 1 cos d + V 2 ) (B.5)
2 Xe

Because the SVC maintains constant voltage, V m , at the bus, Eqs. (B.4) and
(B.5) are solved to give

g
1
Vm c (V 12 + V 22 + 2V 1 V 2 cos d) (B.6)
Xe
478
 APPENDIX B 479

The power transfer, P, over the SVC-compensated line is given by

V mV 2 d
Pc sin (B.7)
X/ 2 2

Substituting from Eq. (B.5) in Eq. (B.7), we get

V 1V 2
Pc sin d (B.8)
XT

where

X Xe
XT c (B.9)
2

which establishes that X T is the equivalent transfer reactance between the gen-
erator and the infinite bus. The synchronizing torque of the SVC-compensated
system is now expressed as

∂PE
Ks c (B.10)
∂d

Differentiating Eq. (B.8),

2V 1 V 2 cos d 2V 1 V 2 sin d . ∂X e / ∂d
Ks c − (B.11)
X . Xe X . X e2

Differentiating Eq. (B.6),

∂X e − V 1 V 2 sin d
c (B.12)
∂d V m2 X e

Substituting Eq. (B.12) in (B.11),

冢 冣
2V 1 V 2 cos d V 1 V 2 sin d 2 . 1
Ks c + (B.13)
X . Xe XmXe X Xe

or

冢 冣
V 1V 2 V 1 V 2 sin d X2
Ks c cos d + (B.14)
XT XmXT 4X T

The increase in synchronizing torque by the SVC is therefore given by

480 TRANSIENT-STABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN A SVC-COMPENSATED SMIB SYSTEM

DK s c K s − K uc (B.15)

where K s c the synchronizing torque of the uncompensated system given

by (6.17)

Substituting Eqs. (B.13) and (B.17) in (B.15), we obtain

冢 冣
V 1V 2 . V 1 V 2 sin d 2
DK s c Bs cos d + (B.16)
2X e V mXe X . Xe