Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Work Study
Work Study
Work Study
Measurement
IPE 4111
Work measurement is concern with determining the length of
time it should take to complete the job.
Vital inputs
❑ Manpower and machine planning
❑ Reducing labor costs
❑ Scheduling
❑ Budgeting
❑ Designing incentive systems
1. Historical experience
2. Time studies
3. Predetermined time standards
4. Work sampling
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Historical Experience
➢How the task was performed last time
➢Easy and inexpensive
➢Data available from production records or timecards
➢Data is not objective and may be inaccurate
➢Not recommended
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Time Studies
❖Involves timing a sample of a worker’s
performance and using it to set a
standard
❖Requires trained and experienced
observers
❖Cannot be set before the work is
performed
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Time Studies
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Time Studies
5) Compute average observed time
Sum of the times recorded
Average to perform each element
observed =
time Number of observations
Average Performance
Normal time = Observed X rating factor
time
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Time Studies
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Rest Allowances
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Time Study Example 1
❖ Standard time??
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Time Study Example 1
Average observed time = 4.0 minutes
Worker rating = 85%
Allowance factor = 13%
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Time Study Example 2
Allowance factor = 15%
OBSERVATIONS
(MIN) PERFORMANCE
RATING
JOB ELEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
(A)Compose and type 8 10 9 21* 11 120%
letter
(B) Type envelope 2 3 2 1 3 105%
address
(C)Stuff, stamp, and 2 1 5* 2 1 110%
seal envelopes
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Time Study Example 2
Allowance factor = 15%
OBSERVATIONS
(MIN) PERFORMANC
E RATING
JOB ELEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
(A) Compose and 8 10 9 21 11 120%
type letter *
(B) Type envelope 2 3 2 1 3 105%
address
(C) Stuff, stamp, 2 1 5* 2 1 110%
and seal envelopes
1. Delete unusual or nonrecurring observations (marked with *)
2. Compute average times for each element
Average time for A = (8 + 10 + 9 + 11)/4 = 9.5 minutes
Average time for B = (2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3)/5 = 2.2 minutes
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Average time for C = (2 + 1 + 2 + 1)/4 = 1.5 minutes
Time Study Example 2
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Predetermined Time Standards
A. Divide manual work into small basic elements that have established
times
B. Can be done in a laboratory away from the actual production
operation
C. Can be set before the work is actually performed
D. No performance ratings are necessary
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Work Sampling
A. It is a technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker
or machine spends on various activities and the idle time.
B. Random observations are used to record the activity that a worker
is performing.
C. Knowledge of this allocation may lead to staffing changes,
reassignment of duties, estimates of activity cost, and the setting of
delay allowances for labor standards.
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