Journal of Governance

Volume x Issue x, Month Year (xx-xx)

(P-ISSN 2528-276X) (E-ISSN 2598-6465)
DOI

Collaborative Governance in Improving the Quality of Education through

the Implementation of CSR PT. Vale in East Luwu County

Nuryanti Mustari1*, Herman2, Ulfiah Syukri3, Intan Fatima Tuzzahra Dinar4

1
Government Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Makassar
2
Government Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Makassar
3
Goverment Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Makassar
4
Governemtn Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Makassar

*Correspondence Email: nuryantimustari@unismuh.ac.id

Received: -------; Revised: --------; Accepted: ------

Abstract : This research specifically examines Public Private Partnership through the
implementation of CSR in the field of education in East Luwu. The education sector is gaining
attention because the statistics of declining community school participation are taken from
the 2018-2021 data in East Luwu. Therefore, the East Luwu government is required to carry
out a partnership strategy with PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk to improve the quality of education.
The phenomenon is observed from various points of view, namely collecting documents and
direct interviews with related informants. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative
analysis software, namely Nvivo 12 plus. The results showed that the partnership capacity
between PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk with the Education and Culture Office of East Luwu Regency
has been fulfilled well. This is studied through 2 sub-chapters, namely the implementation of
CSR in the field of education including accountability, transparency, and sustainability. And,
PPP's perspective in implementing CSR in the field of education includes contracts, design and
finance. However, community involvement in this regard still needs to be improved in all
forms of partnership activities.

Keywords: public private partnership; CSR implementation; Education

Abstrak : Penelitian ini secara khusus mengakaji tentang Public Private Partnership
melalui pelaksanaan CSR dalam bidang pendidikan di Luwu Timur. Sektor pendidikan
mendapatkan perhatian karena statistik partisipasi bersekolah masyarakat yang menurun
diambil dari data tahun 2018-2021 di Luwu Timur. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Luwu
Timur dituntut melakukan strategi kemitraan bersama perusahaan PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk
untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Fenomena diamati dari berbagai sudut pandang
yaitu mengumpulkan dokumen dan wawancara langsung bersama informan terkait.

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Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software analisis kualitatif yaitu Nvivo 12
plus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas kemitraan antara PT. Vale Indonesia
Tbk dengan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Luwu Timur telah terpenuhi
dengan baik. Hal ini dikaji melalui 2 sub bab yaitu pelaksanaan CSR dalam bidang
pendidikan meliputi accountability, transparency, dan sustainability. Dan, perspektif PPP
dalam pelaksanaan CSR di bidang Pendidikan meliputi kontrak, desain dan financial.
Namun, keterlibatan masyarakat dalam hal ini masih perlu ditingkatkan dalam segala
bentuk aktivitas kemitraan.

Kata Kunci: public private partnership; pelaksanaan CSR; Pendidikan (minimal tiga kata
kunci)

Introduction Indonesia as a compound country is

Education is one of the important
aspects for every country to give birth to
intelligent and characterful people (Aithal
& Aithal, 2015). Since pre-historical times,
education has been part of people's lives,
as proof that society will educate its
children how to farm and hunt (Harits et
al., 2016). In Indonesia, after
independence in 1945, education was
constitutionally enshrined as the right of
all Indonesian citizens and sought to build
an education system that prioritizes
equality of degrees and is open
(Shaturaev, 2021a). However, the reality
of education is currently experiencing a
gap so that it has not been able to answer
the nation's expectations as aspired by the
father of the proclamation Ir. Soekarno
(Digdowiseiso, 2020). The OECD or
Organization for Economic Coperation
and Development (OECD, 2015) in (Maliki
et al., 2021) released world education
ranking data by placing Indonesia in 69th
place out of 75 countries in terms of
education quality. In addition, according
to Suhendar in (Supardi, 2015) mentioned
that based on annual data on global
competitiveness or also known as The
Global Commpetitiveness Report 2011-
2012 released by the World Economic
Forum (WEF), Indonesia is in 46th
position out of 142 countries in the world.
also required to pay attention to the right
to education for all levels of society
without exception, this is as stated in Law
No. 20 of 2002. This law states that the
government has an obligation to provide
services and infrastructure and ensure the
provision of quality education for every
citizen without a solution (Saputra, 2018).
For example, the Indonesian government
promotes a free nine-year compulsory
education program by focusing on
providing learning opportunities,
improving regional autonomy
management and decentralized education
initiatives (Shaturaev, 2021). Moreover,
the most important thing for the
government is to make the equality of
education starting at the regional level as
the main indicator of improving the
quality of education. East Luwu Regency
is one of the areas located at the end of
South Sulawesi province as a result of the
expansion of North Luwu. Although, it has
a fairly large area, East Luwu still faces
problems in terms of education.
East Luwu has complex educational
problems, this can be seen in terms of lack
of educational and financial motivation,
inadequate infrastructure, declining
quality of educators, untransparent
education services and/or educational
programs not paying attention to future
sustainability. First, the lack of educational

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 Authors name Hikmawan and friends, Title of article
motivation leads to an increase in dropout
rates. Based on data from the Central
Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2016, it was
recorded that as many as 69 percent of
students dropped out of school because
they prioritized having a family and were
also constrained by tuition or tuition fees.
While the other 31 percent continued
(Alwi, 2017). Furthermore, in 2018, there
were 2 students who dropped out of
school because they did not have the cost
to buy shoes, uniforms, and others,
namely Rama and Siska, brothers and
sisters, who were students from SDN
Mallaulu, Malili District (Editor, 2018). In
addition, related to school infrastructure
is also still often a problem. According to
Mr. Aripin as the Chairman of the East
Luwu DPRD, reviewing SMPN 3 Towuti is
located in Libukan Mandiri village, where
there is still a need for additional teacher
rooms, halls, prayer rooms and according
to him, existing facilities also need to be
updated (Astian, 2022).
In connection with the above
problems, the East Luwu Regency
government is required to be wiser in
preparing a quality education
development plan by paying attention to
all aspects and layers of people's lives. The
government as an authority institution
can involve stakeholders, namely the
private sector, business actors and the
community in taking a role in the
implementation of development.
According to Kurdish (2004) in (Setyawati
& Purnaweni, 2018), the government's
goal to enter into partnerships is to obtain
financing capital in infrastructure
development, improvement of Natural
Resources and technology, expanding and
developing efficient and professional
service quality. This relationship between
the government and the private sector is
also known as the Public Private
Partnership. PPP as an institutional
arrangement of cooperation between the
public and private sectors, has received
3
considerable attention over the past 40
years (Wang et al., 2018).
The concept of Public Private
Partnership has been used by Turkey
inspired by a British project started in
2006 with a capital of more than $5 billion
for the construction of 2,500 bed dakit
houses and others (Sadeghi et al., 2016).
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a
globally accepted public sector
procurement mechanism in which the
government involves commitments from
the private sector and transfers a certain
level of responsibility to the private sector
in providing public facilities or services
(Ismail, 2013). Facility development
efforts including the design, financing,
construction, ownership and operation of
the public sector are often linked to the
PPP model (Yuan et al., 2012). The
European Commission (2003) in
(Abdullah, 2020) said that the conceptual
use of the Public Private Partnership
model has several advantages, namely (1)
helping to accelerate the procurement of
models for the construction of
infrastructure; (2) there is a division of
roles so that the work is more efficient,
the private sector is responsible for
construction and design, the government
also contributes to financing. (3) enable
the reduction of unnecessary costs during
the implementation of the project
between the government and the private
sector. The Public Private Partnership
(PPP) model can be actualized through
Corporate Social Responsibility or better
known as CSR.
CSR is a form of corporate
contribution and responsibility to society
through the procurement and
maintenance of a balance between profit-
taking, social functioning and
environmental maintenance in order to
realize sustainable development (Lestari
et al., 2013). Smith on CSR (2001) in
(Latapí Agudelo et al., 2019) provides
guidance on the need to make CSR part of
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Journal of Governance Volume x, Issue x, Month Year
a company's strategic perspective in order
to fulfill its long-term obligations to
society. According to Chairil (2007: 285)
in (Pranoto & Yusuf, 2014) said that CSR
programs are aimed at business people
including the industrial and corporate
sectors that contribute to economic
improvement by paying attention to the
environment. The impact of the PPP
model through the implementation of CSR,
as evidenced by one example is the
Education and Culture Office of East Luwu
Regency in partnership with PT. Vale
Indonesia to improve the quality of public
education. The contribution of private
parties is not only limited to
responsibility, but this is as regulated by
the government in article 74 of Law No.40
of 2007 concerning Limited Partnerships.
In addition, Law no.25 of 2007 in article
15, article 17 and article 34 explains
investment related to corporate
responsibility in organizing Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) (Retnaningsih,
2015).
This is also realized by PT. Vale
Indonesia, Tbk as a global mining
company manages Natural Resources in
the Sorowako area in the form of nickel
(Zakaria, 2019). As a mining company, PT.
Vale is required to have a special
environment, complete facilities and
organize effective and efficient activities
(Sahding, 2018). The program promoted
from the partnership of PT. Vale Indonesia
and the Government of East Luwu
Regency focus on the fields of (1)
education, skills and training sectors, one
of which is the existence of the Sorowako
Technical Academy and industrial training
centers. (2) public welfare through the
provision of health services; (3) adequate
infrastructure; (4) the plantation and
agricultural industry sector; (5)
development of MSMEs; (6) coaching in
the socio-cultural sector.
PT. Vale specifically contributes in
terms of funding or budgeting so that it
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can support the economy of the people of
East Luwu Regency (Utama, 2017). One of
the focuses of PT. Vale in the
implementation of CSR is the development
of education, training, skills and basic
expertise through capacity building
activities for educators and education of
youth and students.
There are 3 forms of PT liability.
Vale Indonesia Tbk in its partners with the
Education and Culture Office of East Luwu
Regency, namely scholarships, training
and infrastructure. Scholarship points, PT.
Vale disburses education funds through
the Employee Child Scholarship (BAK)
program which has been held from 2013
to the present. Training points, can be in
the form of training or workshops both for
students and increasing the capacity of
teachers / educators. The last is the
provision of infrastructure in the form of
capacity building and physical
construction of kindergarten buildings
with a total budget of 582,100,000,
development of PAUD as many as
1,878,457,000, construction of
kindergarten fences, concrete rebates
yards and others. As previously
researched by Khoirul Abror Ad-Dluha
Ghoni, et al (2020) entitled
Implementation of Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) Programs in the Field
of Education (Study on the Regional
Government of East Kutai Regency and PT.
Kaltim Prima Coal in Bengalon District.
The results showed that by using 3
aspects, namely accountability,
transparency and sustainability, the
implementation of CSR in the field of
education in Bengalon sub-district was
successfully carried out (Ghoni et al.,
2020).
Furthermore, the research
researched by Magya Ramadhania Putri &
Isnaini Rodiyah (2016) was entitled
"Public-Private Partnership in Corporate
Social Responsibility Program in Pasuruan
Regency". Research says that mutualism
 Authors name Hikmawan and friends, Title of article
partnership is a model of cooperation
used by the local government of Pasuruan
Regency with PT HM Sampoerna Tbk in
implementing PPP-based CSR (Putri &
Rodiyah, 2016). The partnership can be
said to be all because there is no
contractual agreement on official black
and white paper between the two. The
two studies above have the same research
concept as researchers do, namely
referring to the implementation of
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and
using CSR theory analysis. Meanwhile,
researchers combine the theories of
Public Private Partnership and Corporate
Social Responsibility.
Judging from the various urgency of
education in East Luwu Regency above,
the implementation of CSR as a result of
partnerships specifically wants to take the
sympathy of the community around the
company, especially in this case it is to
lead towards the education sector. Based
on the urgency above, the researcher
wants to conduct a study that aims to
describe and analyze the Public Private
Partnership between the Education and
Culture Office of East Luwu Regency and
PT. Vale Indonesia, Tbk through the
implementation of Corporate Social
Responsibility to improve the quality of
education. The research entitled "Public
Private Partnership through the
Implementation of CSR in Improving the
Quality of Education in East Luwu
Regency" is expected to provide
theoretical benefits in the form of this
research can be used as reading material
to expand science and / or write literary
works regarding the implementation of
CSR or Public Private Partnership. The
practical benefit is that this research is a
recommendation for local governments
specifically related parties to organize
advanced CSR programs that are right on
target.
5
Method
Qualitative research methods with a
descriptive approach are used as methods
in this research. According to Sugiyono
(2018) (in Apriliyani et al., 2022), a
method that serves to describe the
description of the object of study by
collecting data or samples according to
actual conditions. The informants in this
study included the implementing officials
of the East Luwu Regency Education and
Culture Office as the person in charge of
education and PT. Vale Indonesia as the
implementer of CSR program. This
research took place in the regional
apparatus organization (OPD) of the
Education and Culture Office of East Luwu
Regency and PT. Vale Indonesia with the
same location. From each place, 3
informants will be taken, consisting of 3
(three) government officials from the
Education and Culture Office, 1 person
from PT. Vale Indonesia and the
community. Based on this data
triangulation approach, the study uses
data collection techniques, namely
observation, interviews and
documentation to obtain information
through an open question and answer
process that can construct a common
meaning about the topic and
documentation through the study of
official documents, taking photos and/or
videos. Data is obtained from two data
sources, namely primary and secondary.
Primary data includes in-person
interviews with relevant informants.
Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained
from official documents, scientific articles,
news, laws, and other documents. All data
obtained will be analyzed as according to
Miles and Huberman (in Wanto, 2018),
namely the components of data collection,
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Journal of Governance Volume x, Issue x, Month Year

data reducation, data presentation and appreciation for the commitment of

conclusion drawing. In addition, the
information will be processed using the
Nvivo 12 Plus PC software.
Result and Discussion
Implementation of CSR in improving
the quality of education
The first focus of research related
to the implementation of Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) by PT. Vale
Indonesia Tbk with the Education and
Culture Office of East Luwu Regency is the
implementation of CSR in improving the
quality of education. Researchers use 3
main indicators to analyze this, including
accountability, transparency and
sustainability. Accountability is defined as
a concept that leads to the accountability
of public sector institutions to provide
answers to parties related to the
organization (Wicaksono, 2015). There
are 3 accounting-based programs
launched by the company as a form of CSR
implementation including scholarship
programs, workshop / training
procurement and infrastructure.
The first is related to scholarships,
scholarships, PT. Vale together with the
Education and Culture Office in 2021
launched the Employee Child Scholarship
(BAK) specifically for the children of PT.
Vale Indonesia Tbk which wants to
continue the S2 and S3 levels. Regarding
the scholarship program, PT Vale
Indonesia launched a scholarship
program under the name "Employee Child
Scholarship" or BAK for short by
partnering with the Education and
Culture Office of East Luw Regency. The
provision of this scholarship aims to
develop human resources (HR) through
education and specifically as a form of
company employees. The second form is
the provision of training, as for the
training provided by PT. Vale Indonesia as
stated by Mrs. Rahmawati as the person
in charge of junior high school is:
"There are also activities from PT.
Vale's, recycling activities. That is
where the Junior High School (SMP)
is involved which includes the
empowerment area of PT. Vale.
Vale's own empowerment areas
include Malili, Wasuponda, Towuti
and Nuha districts" (interview with
Mrs. Rahmawati, junior high school).
From the statement above, it can be
concluded that, PT. Vale not only provides
assistance in the form of scholarships but
also conducts training to increase the
capacity of the community. The same
thing was also conveyed by Mr. Amin as
the person in charge of PAUD:
"There is also training, but it is
specifically for teacher capacity
building, it will be completely listed
on the document. In addition, PT.
Vale also contributes, especially to
the field of PAUD because I
represent this field of PAUD in the
form of physical construction of
facilities and infrastructure. So I can
read here, the construction of a
kindergarten building worth Rp.
596,000,000, that's assistance from
PT. Vale. The addition of RKB/Hall
amounted to 225 million.
Meanwhile, the construction of the
PAUD development was 75 million,
the construction of the kindergarten
fence was 231 million. That was for
development from a physical point
of view. If the development in terms
of community capacity development
in the form of workshops / training,

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 Authors name Hikmawan and friends, Title of article
the total number is around 193
million. That's all the help that PT.
Vale Indonesia in the field of PAUD.
For the development of its capacity
it is especially for its teachers (Mr.
Amin, PAUD).
As a result of the interview above, it
can be seen that training is also provided
for the field of PAUD in the form of
teacher capacity building. Then it
continued, with the contribution of PT.
Vale in the form of infrastructure as is the
last form of PT. Vale Indonesia with the
Education and Culture office of East Luwu
Regency. After knowing the form of
accountability, the researcher analyzes
the success of the implementation of
accountability. According to Crowther,
D.,and Aras, G. (2008) in (Ghoni et al.,
2020), accountability is said to be
successful if it meets 4 conditions. (1) all
interested parties may understand the
partnership process. First, it is
understandable to all interested parties.
In the provision of children's
scholarships (BAK) can be seen from
figure 1 explaining the selection flow of
BAK PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk is assembled
as simply as possible so that it can be
understood by various interested parties.
Educational scholarships are essential to
advance and disseminate education
effectively (Chan et al., 2017). In addition,
training. The division of roles in the
training program so far can be
understood because in this case the
government acts as the recipient and
implementer while the company budgets
the funds.
7
Figure: 1.
The selection flow of PT. Vale Indonesia
Tbk
Source: Terms of BAK PT Vale Indonesia
Tbk
Second, is the relevance to the user
to the information provided. For example,
the BAK scholarship program funded by
PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk is conveyed
through its official website and is also
complete with the provisions document of
BAK PT. Vale Indonesia which contains
the definition of the scholarship, the
purpose of the scholarship, special and
general provisions, accountability sheets,
and the selection flow. As for training and
infrastructure, PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk
provides information through the
government of the Education and Culture
Office of East Luwu Regency to be
conveyed to the community, especially
schools in East Luwu district.
Third, is reliability in terms of
accuracy of representation,
representation of impact and freedom. In
this section, PT. Vale Indonesia conducts
restrictions as an example of providing
scholarships specifically for the children
of PT employees. Vale Indonesia under
the name of the Employee Child
Scholarship (BAK) program, in addition to
that there are certain quota limits,
including being limited to BAK 2021
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Journal of Governance Volume x, Issue x, Month Year
scholarship recipients only for S2 and S3.
The same is true for training and
infrastructure. Finally, is the
comparability that implies consistency, in
CSR programs in the field of education in
the form of scholarships, training and
infrastructure has been achieved judging
from the sustainability of the program
whose implementation commitment from
2013 to the present.
Next, transparency. Transparency is
access or freedom for everyone to obtain
information about government
administration, information about the
policies of the process of making,
implementing and the results achieved
(Suwanda & Suryana, 2021).
Transparency ensures that public
officials, civil servants, managers, board
members, employers, can report their
activities so that the public can hold
stakeholders accountable (Muis, 2020).
According to Limberg, et al (2008) in
(Ghoni et al., 2020) the implementation of
CSR programs has the main keys, namely
1) the creation and dissemination of
annual reports, PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk
publishes activity reports to the
government and the public.
Meanwhile, the education and
culture office of East Luwu Regency has a
report on the activities of the PT CSR
program planning meeting. Vale
Indonesia Tbk East Luwu Regency. 2) the
development of a check and balance
mechanism, this is evidenced by the
cooperation contract which means that
there are meetings and procurement of
discussions between PT. Vale Indonesia
Tbk and the Education Office. 3)
dissemination of information, this is seen
from PT. Vale Indonesia clearly shares the
selection provisions for bak scholarship
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admission each period through its official
website
http://www.vale.com/indonesia/. 4)
dissemination of information in the right
form, this can be seen from the impact felt
from the beneficiaries of PT. Vale
Indonesia with the Education and Culture
office of East Luwu district. Through an
interview conducted with Alfira Putri
Rengganis as the recipient of the
Employee Child Scholarship (BAK).
"The scholarship selection process
is in accordance with scholarship
regulations in general, only in the
criteria, especially those who can
receive scholarships are the
children of PT workers. Vale. Then
the deposited files from the campus
such as active lecture letters,
transcripts and others. After that,
the name of the graduate will be
selected through a pdf that is
distributed to parents" (Alfira Putri
Rengganis – Female Student).
From the results of the interview
above, it can be seen that PT. Vale
Indonesia Tbk and Disdikbud conveyed
information openly. The selection process
is not so complicated because there are
already admission instructions that
contain information related to the
required files, requirements, scholarship
goals, admission timeline and others.
Sustainability, related to how companies
in carrying out activities (actions) still pay
attention to the sustainability of
resources and the capabilities of future
generations (Fairuz et al., 2018). There
are four main keys, namely 1) community
influence. The main focus of this CSR
program is to meet various things that are
the needs of the community.
Automatically the community determines
 Authors name Hikmawan and friends, Title of article
whether or not a program is continued.
This is evidenced by the presentation of
researcher interview data with one of the
beneficiaries of the Employee Child
Scholarship (BAK).
"The impact is a lot in addition to
helping the payment of tuition fees
with this scholarship, it also helps a
little for parents because it is
compared to vale my plan in the
future with this vale scholarship to
continue S2" (Alfira Putri
Rengganis- Student).
From the results of the interview, it
can be concluded that the presence of
employee child scholarships as a form of
partnership has a good influence, not only
for today but sustainability in the future.
2) the impact on the surrounding
environment, the impact of providing
scholarships paves the way for alumni to
work and advance the region. 3)
organizational culture, as well as the
holding of meetings specifically by related
parties, 4) finance, from the results of
interviews clearly say that PT. Vale
Indonesia contributes funds for programs
to improve the quality of education
starting from the procurement of
Employee Child Scholarships (BAK),
capacity building for both students in the
form of recycling and teachers through
curriculum workshops and the provision
of infrastructure facilities.
Public Private Partnership
perspectives related to CSR programs
in the field of Education.
This section is specifically to
outline the results of researchers' studies
on how the Public Private Partnership
(PPP) perspective through the
implementation of CSR in improving the
9
quality of education in East Luwu
Regency. The researcher used 3 main
focuses, including (1) contracts, from a
PPP perspective, contracts are an
important part that signifies official
cooperation agreements between related
parties. Most forms of Public Private
Partnership involve a contractual
relationship between public and private
parties (e.g., concessions) (Farquharson
et al., 2011).
In this study, the partnership
between the government (Dinas
Pendidikan dan Budaya Kabupaten Luwu
Timur) and the private sector (PT. Vale
Indonesia) in the implementation of CSR
programs in the field of Education can be
known through a written contract that
has been agreed by both parties can be
seen the report of the cooperation
agreement between PT. Vale Indonesia
Tbk with the Regional Government of East
Luwu Regency regarding the provision of
assistance for higher education costs or
clearly shown in figure 2. We recommend
that a written contract in black on white
has been drawn up prior to the
implementation of a program. Then, as a
form of agreement between the two
parties, there is proof of signature from
the education and culture office with PT.
Vale Indonesia Tbk.
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Journal of Governance Volume x, Issue x, Month Year
Figure: 2.
Cooperation agreement document
between PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk with East
Luwu Regency Government
Source : Official document from OPD
Dinas Pendidikan dan Budaya Kab. Luwu
Timur
It can be said that the service
contract is due to the implementation of
PT. Vale Indonesia is authorized in the
implementation and the government
proposes and determines what forms of
assistance are needed. So that the
contract in implementing PPP in CSR
programs in the field of education in East
Luwu Regency has been fulfilled. 2)
Design, the model used in PPP in CSR
programs in the field of education above
including the PPP model. The design of a
CSR program implementation is made in
accordance with their respective main
functions and duties and what areas are
handled, between private parties (PT.
Vale Indonesia Tbk) and the government
(Dinas Pendidikan dan Budaya) have the
same goal of providing services to the
community.
In implementing CSR programs
based on research results, PPP on CSR
programs between the Education and
Culture office of East Luwu Regency and
PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk has a general
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design made by PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk.
Vale Indonesia Tbk which also refers to
government programs as stated in the PT
Sustainability Report document. Vale
Indonesia Tbk 2021 that there are several
criteria that become a reference for CSR
program design, namely:
1. 2007 Law No. 40 concerning Limited
Liability Companies, which requires the
Company to submit a report on their
Social and Environmental
Responsibility (SER) implementation in
the Annual Report
2. OJK Regulation (POJK)
No.51/POJK.03/2017 concerning the
Implementation of Sustainable Finance
in Financial Services Institutions,
Issuers, and Public Companies
3. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2021
standards, with conformity: ‘reference
to the GRI Standards’.
4. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines &
Mining and Metals Sector Supplement
(MMSS) GRI-4
5. Sustainability Accounting Standards
Board (SASB) Metals and Mining 2021.
6. Task Force on Climate-related
Financial Disclosure (TCFD).
Furthermore, 3) Financial, Financial
or financial is the main reason why public
private partnerships are carried out by
the government and the private sector. In
the scholarship program, the government
acts as an informant to the community,
PT. Vale acts as an informer. In the
training program, the government acts as
a policy maker and implements training
programs while PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk
plays a role in providing funds and
everything needed during the training
process. Then, in the infrastructure
program, the government acts as a
planner, beneficiary and companion to
maintain the existing infrastructure.
 Authors name Hikmawan and friends, Title of article
Public Private Sector through CSR
Implementation in Improving the
Quality of Education in East Luwu
Regency
Based on the analysis related to the
implementation of CSR programs in the
field of education and the perspective of
PPP related to CSR programs in the field
of education, the researcher formulated to
analyze the two focuses into how to
implement CSR programs in the field of
education in the perspective of the public
private sector. PPP has been successfully
implemented based on contracts, villages
and finances, then in the PPP researchers
will analyze the success of the
implementation of CSR programs
according to Crowther and Aras (2008),
namely based on Accountability,
Transparency and Sustainability. Thus, in
PPP there should be three benchmarks
for the success of implementing the CSR
program. Here's the analysis:
Contract (Accountability,
Transparency and Sustainability)
Figure: 3.
Contract indicator data
Source: Nvivo 12 Plus Software Analysis
The contract should have fulfilled all
three aspects as according to Crowter and
Aras (2008). In figure 2. Through the
analysis of NVIVO 12 Plus which has a
coding fitu used to collect data and
crosstab queries serve for data
visualization. The results of the nvivo
analysis above were taken from 3
11
informants, namely the public, PT. Vale
Indonesia and the Education and Culture
Office of East Luwu Regency are matched
for contract indicators in accountability,
transparency and sustainability. PT. Vale
tends to have higher statistical numbers
than others. Accountability points have
been achieved by PT. Vale for its
contribution both in terms of funds in the
form of scholarships and capacity
building (community development)
through training / workshops. On the
other hand, the government gets higher
gains in transparency points than PT.
Vale.
This means that the education and
culture office of East Luwu Regency is
proactive in providing access to
information to the public. This is
evidenced by the funding provided by PT.
Vale's 193,013,500 capacity bulding
projects were delivered openly via hard
copy data. Unlike the other two
informants, the community as
beneficiaries. In the aspect of
sustainability, it is explained that in point
one, the sustainability program has been
implemented.
Evidenced by the sustainability
report of PT. Vale Indonesia in 2018, then
brought to the 2019 report. Although
something has changed slightly, the
concept of sustainability still remains the
same. From the explanation above, it can
be concluded that CSR programs in the
field of education from a PPP perspective
have been well implemented by the
education and culture office together with
PT. Vale Indonesia with the
implementation of accountability,
transparency, and sustainability in the
contract. Perhaps, both disdikbuds are
more proactive in involving the
community in PPP.
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III
Journal of Governance Volume x, Issue x, Month Year
Design(Accountability, Transparency
and Sustainability)
Figure: 4.
Design indicator data
Source: Nvivo 12 Plus Software Analysis
Figure 4. The above is the result of
an analysis with similar software using
design indicators in three elements,
namely accountability, sustainability and
transparency. Then it is matched with
publication data and interview results. In
short, the design relates to the role-
sharing scheme in the partnership that is
being carried out. On the point of
accountability, PT. Vale and disdikbud are
able to carry out their respective roles.
PT. Vale as a provider of funds while
disdikbud conducts planning and
implementation in partnership projects.
From the aspect of transparency, this is
shown by the openness of the
government and PT. Vale Indonesia, the
public can access the design on the official
website of PT Vale Indonesia.
Furthermore, the sustainability
aspect, PT. Vale Indonesia scored higher
because its long-term planning program
is more structured as stated in the
sustainability report taken by researchers
from 2018-2021. From the explanation
above, it can be concluded that the design
in the aspects of accountability,
transparency, and sustainability has been
running well. However, community
12
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involvement during the PPP process was
greatly enhanced (design).
Financial (Accountability,
Transparency and Sustainability)
Figure: 5.
Financial indicator data
Source : Nvivo 12 Plus Software Analysis
In the accountability aspect, it can
be seen in the table above that each
program explains who plays a role in
providing funds. For example, the
procurement of partner scholarships, PT.
Vale Indonesia Tbk plays a role in
providing funds, in training it is also the
same, namely PT. Vale provided some
funds to conduct recycling training and
workshops for early childhood and junior
high schools. In the aspect of
transparency, the government and PT.
Vale Indonesia has conducted
transparency regarding who the source of
funds in the program can be seen in the
table above. The roles of each of these
actors can also be accessed by the public
through the official website of PT. Vale
Indonesia and the report document on
CSR activities in East Luwu district. In the
aspect of sustainability, that since the first
time PT Vale Indonesia has operated and
implemented CSR programs until now it
has greatly helped the implementation of
services.
Figure 2. shows that PT. Vale
Indonesia plays a major role in funding to
improve the quality of education in East
 Authors name Hikmawan and friends, Title of article
Luwu District, as do the statistics shown
in disdikbud informants. However, there
is little difference from this financial
indicator, namely that people's statistics
have increased compared to the other two
indicators, namely in contracts and
design.
It can be concluded that in terms of
funding by PT. Vale Indonesia has
sustainability from the first program to
the present.
Conclusion
Education is the most important
part of human life because with the
presence of education, every community
can become intelligent people and be able
to make positive changes. The Indonesian
government has made efforts to improve
education through infrastructure
development, policy evaluation, program
procurement, and others. However, these
efforts still provide gaps in the education
sector. In reality, education problems are
still very complex, starting from the
service aspect, dropout rates due to lack
of educational motivation and costs,
inadequate infrastructure, declining
quality of educators and others.
Therefore, the government is required by
making partnership-based efforts or
Public Private Partnership. This research
study found that PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk
and OPD Dinas Pendidikan dan Budaya
Kab. Luwu Timur are partnering to
improve the quality of education. Some of
the programs promoted include the
provision of educational scholarships,
improvement of supporting
infrastructure in several schools and
capacity building by conducting
training/workshops.
In addition, the supporting factor for
the success of this partnership is the
strengthening of the division of roles and
duties of each, PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk as a
13
funder and planner while the Education
Office serves as the implementer to
distribute these benefits to the
community. Finally, the community as a
beneficiary. At the end of the day, the
results of the study prove the purpose of
the research itself, namely the
achievement of the analysis and
description of PT. Vale in improving the
quality of education in East Luwu.
Based on the above phenomenon, a
limit is needed to determine the subject
matter of the research. First, analyze the
implementation of CSR in the field of
education with variables including
accountability, transparency, and
sustainability. Second, analyze the PPP
perspective in the implementation of CSR
in the field of education including
contracts, design and finance. It was
found that some of the variables in both
indicators above have mostly been met.
However, the role of the community still
needs to be maximized in the partnership
process between the OPD of the East
Luwu Regency Education and Culture
Office and PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk. This
research is expected to be a reference for
local governments and companies to
further maximize partnerships, especially
in terms of disseminating information.
The special benefit that wants to be
provided from the research is that it can
be an evaluation material for local
governments and stakeholders who carry
out partnerships based on improving
education.
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