Air-layering, also known as marcotting, is a way of getting clones of woody plants that are often difficult

to root from cuttings. This method involves propagating a new plant from a branch still attached to the
parent plant, by getting roots to form on the branch. Prepare air layers during February-March, so that
they will be ready for planting in June-July. Select 9-12 month old pencil-thick terminal shoots. Remove
carefully a strip or ring of bark, 0.6 to 1.2 cm thick by using a sharp knife without injuring the underlying
wood. Wind a string around the cut area and cover it with moist moss or wood shavings or sand and saw
dust mixture or ordinary potting mixture and wrap round with 150-200 gauge polythene film of size 23 x
15 cm. Secure loose ends of film with jute fibre. When roots emerge from the ringed portion in 40-60
days, give a 'V' cut at lower end of treated shoot. After about 15 days, deepen the cut slightly. Cut and
separate rooted shoot about 7 days later. Pot the layers immediately after separation from the tree into
containers of size 15 x 15 cm made from coconut husk and keep them in shade. Avoid excessive
watering. Plant the layers along with the container in the prepared pits with the onset of southwest
monsoon. Provide shade and mulch with dry leaves to reduce sun-scorch in tender plants. It is advisable
to defoliate the layers two weeks before separation from the mother plant.

Reference

http://www.celkau.in/crops/Plantation%20Crops/Cashew/qpm.aspx

https://www.nparks.gov.sg/nparksbuzz/oct-issue-2021/gardening/air-layering---a-viable-way-of-
propagating-woody-plants#:~:text=Air%2Dlayering%2C%20also%20known%20as,to%20form%20on
%20the%20branch.
Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants. There are two types of propagation: sexual and
asexual. Sexual reproduction is the union of the pollen and egg, drawing from the genes of two parents
to create a new, third individual. Sexual propagation involves the floral parts of a plant. Asexual
propagation involves taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new
plant. The resulting new plant is genetically identical its parent. Asexual propagation involves the
vegetative parts of a plant: stems, roots, or leaves.

The advantages of sexual propagation are that it may be cheaper and quicker than other methods; it
may be the only way to obtain new varieties and hybrid vigor; in certain species, it is the only viable
method for propagation; and it is a way to avoid transmission of certain diseases. Asexual propagation
has advantages, too. It may be easier and faster in some species; it may be the only way to perpetuate
some cultivars; and it bypasses the juvenile characteristics of certain species.

Sexual propagation involves the union of the pollen (male) with the egg (female) to produce a seed. The
seed is made up of three parts: the outer seed coat, which protects the seed; the endosperm, which is a
food reserve; and the embryo, which is the young plant itself. When a seed is mature and put in a
favorable environment, it will germinate (begin active growth). In the following section, seed
germination and transplanting of seeds will be discussed.

Reference

https://extension.umaine.edu/gardening/manual/propagation/plant-propagation/#:~:text=Asexual
%20propagation%20involves%20taking%20a,stems%2C%20roots%2C%20or%20leaves.