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CCP 4.1 - PRELIMS (Updated)
CCP 4.1 - PRELIMS (Updated)
DENATURATION
BUFFERS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
● Process of changing or deviating from the native
BUFFER SOLUTION conformation
Denaturing Agents: Heat, extreme pH, Mercaptoethanol
● Contain either a weak acid or weak base and its salt.
Both of these must be present. They can resist TYPES OF PROTEINS
changes in pH when small amounts of either acid or
base are added. ● Based on shape:
● Must contain relatively large concentration of acid to ○ Globular - (Globule) Albumin, Hemoglobin,
react with any hydroxide ions that may be added / Insulin, Catalase
Must contain relatively large concentration of base ○ Fibrous - (Large) Collagen, Keratin
to react with any hydrogen ions that may be added ● Functions
● The buffer components must not consume each ○ Collagen - structural protein; has 2 amino
other in neutralization reactions. The remedies by acids
using an acid-base conjugate pair. ○ Elastin - blood vessels
Example: ○ Myoglobin - storage proteins, muscles
CH₃COOH / CH₃COONa Buffer ○ Hemoglobin - transport proteins, carries O2
Adding acid, the reaction would be: blood
CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺ ↔ CH₃COOH ○ Insulin & Glucagon - hormones, control
Adding a base would result: blood sugar
CH₃COOH + OH⁻ ↔ CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O ○ Immunoglobulins - antibodies
HENDERSON-HASSELBALCH EQUATION ISOLATION/SEQUENCING
● Used to estimate the pH of a solution ● By polarity; salting out, precipitation
● H-H Equation formula ● By charge
● By size
BUFFER CAPACITY
Chromatography - separating components or solutes of a
● The number of moles of an acid or base necessary to mixture on the basis of relative amounts of each solute
change the pH of a buffer by 1 distributed between a moving fluid stream called the mobile
phase (liquid/gas) and a contiguous stationary phase
03 - ISOLATION AND (solid/liquid)
GENERAL QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR AMINO ACIDS
CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS
TEST REAGENT POSITIV PRESENCE
PROTEINS E
● Constitute 90% of the organic matter of cell
Xanthoproteic Test HNO₃ Yellow/o Phenylalanine
● Polymers of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
range
ppt
AMINO ACIDS
QUALITATIVE TESTS
1. Biuret Test
a. Detect peptide bonds