10/18/2021

ER Week 3

Agenda
• Decimals
– Number Places
– Types of decimals
• Terminating
• Repeating
• Irrational
– Rounding
– Adding/Subtracting Decimals
– Multiplying/Dividing Decimals
– Scientific Notation
– Percentage
• Converting Decimals, Fractions and Percents
– Decimals to Fraction
– Fractions to Decimals
– Percent to Fractions
– Fractions to Percent
– Decimals to Percent
– Percent to Decimals
• Percent Problems
– Simple percentage
– Percent change
– Sales/Tax problems
– Interest problems

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Decimals – Number Places

Decimals – Types of Decimals

• Terminating – finite ending
– Examples:
• 3.4005
• 2.60007
• 1.0000000000000001
• Repeating – don’t end but repeat a pattern
– Notation – Draw a line above the part that repeats
– Examples:
• 0.6
• 0.1245
• 3.3
• Irrational – Doesn’t repeat and doesn’t end
– Examples:
• π
• e

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Decimals - Rounding
• Why round?
– Rounding makes numbers that are easier to work with in your
head
– For estimating
• How to round
– Determine what decimal place we are rounding to
– Look to the value to the “right” of the decimal place we are
rounding to
– If the number is 0-4 we leave the number the same to the left
– If the number is 5-9 then we add one to the number to the left
– All number to the “right” to the decimal place we are rounding
to are “dropped”

Decimals - Rounding
• Rounding 345.8765 to the nearest tenth.
345.8765

7 is to the right of the tenths place

7 is in the 5-9 range
we add 1 to the 8 and get
345.8
+ .1
345.9

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Adding Decimals
• Line up the numbers by the decimal point so
the decimal place holders “line up”
345.12 + 0.1 + 23.0987

345.12
0.1
+ 23.0987
368.3187

Adding Decimals
• To make it easier … add trailing zero to make
number of decimal place the same

345.12 345.1200
0.1 0.1000
+ 23.0987 + 23.0987
368.3187 368.3187

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Subtracting Decimals
• Same as addition
• Subtract 34.56 from 768.9856
768.9856
- 34.5600
734.4256

Multiplying Decimals

1) Ignore the decimal points and multiply as usual...

Count how many total digits are on the right side of

2)
the decimal points in the guys you are multiplying...

Place the decimal point in your answer so there are

3)
this many digits to the right.

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Multiplying Decimals

Multiplying Decimals

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Dividing Decimals
• Set up for long division
• Move the decimal point to the right on BOTH
numbers until the number you are dividing by
is a whole number
• Move the decimal point from the number
being divided into the same spot in the
answer

Dividing Decimals

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Scientific Notation
• Scientific notation is a way to write a number
as the product of a number between 1 and 10
and a multiple of 10.

Scientific Notation
• Convert 2,980,000,000 to scientific notation
– Move the decimal place until you have a number
between 1 to 10
2980000000.0
987654321
– So 2.98 x 109

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Scientific Notation
• Convert 3.45 x 105 to decimal
– Just move the decimal point to the right the
number of the exponent

3.45000 = 345,000

Percent

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Percent

Converting Decimal to Fractions

• Count the number of significant digits to the
right of the decimal point
• That number is the number of zeros after a 1
in the denominator
• Example
.345 =

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Converting Fractions to Decimals

• First check if the denominator is a factor of a multiple
of 10
• If so … multiply numerator and denominator to make
the denominator a multiple of 10
• Number of significant decimals point is the multiple of
10
• If not … use long division
• Examples:

Converting Fractions to Decimals

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Converting Fractions to Decimals

Converting Percent to a Fraction

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Converting a Fraction to a Percent

Converting a Fraction to a Percent

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Converting Decimals to Percents

• Convert to a fraction using place value
• Convert fraction to a percent

Converting Percent to a Decimal

• Use the word "percent" to convert the percent
to a fraction
• Use decimal place values to convert the
fraction to a decimal

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Percent Problems – Simple

Percentages
• What is X% of Y
– Of mean multiplication!

45% of 200 = .45x200 = 90

Percent Problem – Percent Change

• Method 1
– Determine the change
– Divide the “change” by the old value
– Convert to a percentage

What is the percent change from 40 to 60?

1. Change = 60-40 = 20
2. 20/40 = .5
3. 50%

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Percent Problem - Percent Change

• Method 2
– Divide new value by old value
– Convert to a percentage
– Subtract 100%

What is the percent change from 40 to 60?

1. Divide 60/40 = 1.5
2. 1.5 = 150%
3. 150%-50%= 50%

Percent Problems – Tax/Discounts

• To figure out the tax on an item multiply the sales price
by the sales tax
• To figure out the final sales price with a discount you:
– Method 1
• calculate the discount by multiplying the starting price by the
discount rate
• Subtract the discount from the staring price
– Method 2
• Subtract the discount rate from 100% (100%-discount rate)
• Multiply the starting price by (100%-discount rate)
• If sales tax and discount
– Determine discount first
– Calculate tax on final price

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Percent Problems – Tax Discounts

• What’s the sales tax if the purchase price is $130 and the sales tax is 8%?

$130*(0.08) = $10.40

• What would the total be?

$130.00+$10.40 = $140.10

• What if there had been a 10% discount?

Discount: $130*(0.10) = $13

Final Price Before tax: $130-$13= $117
Sales Tax: $117*(.08) = 9.36
Final Sales Price: $117+$9.36 = $126.36

Percent Problem – Simple Interest

• Simple Interest Formula:
I=P r t
Where
I = Interest
P = Principal
r = rate
t = time

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Percent Problem – Simple Interest

• What is the interest generated from a $4500
investment at 9.5% interest over a 6 year period?

I = ($4500)*(0.095)*(6) = $2565.00

Extra: What would the balance be at the end?

$4500+2565=$7065 … same as

Balance = P * (rate+1) * (time)

Balance = $4500*(1.095)*(6) = $7065

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