Colinares, Shiara Camille A.

NCM131
BSN – 1 ; N17 Gelaga, Katrina Issa Abella

1. Nursing Theories

Type of
Theorist/Theory Metaparadigm
Theory
1. Florence Philosophy
Nightingale Nursing; Environment Nursing
Needs - Concepts of ventilation, warmth, - Nursing as the act of utilizing the
Environmental Theory light, diet, cleanliness, and noise. environment of the patient to
Theory - Focused on the physical aspects assist him in his recovery.
of the environment. Believed that
healthy surroundings were
necessary for proper nursing
care.
Patient Health
- The patient is the focus of the - A healthy body can recover and
theory, where the nurse performs undergo reparative process
the task for the patient and through environmental control
control the environment for easy towards recovery.
recovery.
- Nurse-patient passive
relationship.
2. Hildegard E. Middle-
Peplau Range Environment Nursing
Theory; - The patient’s culture and mores - Nursing as a human relationship
Psychodynamic Interaction are to be considered when the between an individual who is
Nursing Theory Theory patient is still adjusting to sick, or in need of health
hospital routine. services, and an knowledgeable
nurse to respond to the help.
Patient Health
- Man as an organism that strives - Health as a symbol that implies
in its own way to reduce tension forward movement of personality
generated by needs. The client is and other ongoing human
an individual with a felt need. processes in the direction of
community living.

3. Virginia
Henderson Philosophy Environment Nursing
Nursing; - Maintaining a supportive - focuses on the importance of
Nursing Need Needs environment conducive for increasing the patient’s independence
Theory Theory health is one of the to hasten their progress in the
elements of her 14 activities hospital.
for client assistance.
Patient Health
- An individual achieves - Health means balance in all realms of
wholeness by maintaining human life. It is equated with the
physiological and emotional independence or ability to perform
balance. activities without any aid in the 14
components or basic human needs.
4. Faye Glenn Philosophy
Abdellah Nursing; Environment Nursing
Needs - Defines environment as the - Nursing is based on an art and
21 Nursing Theory home or community from which science that molds the attitudes,
Problems Theory the patient comes. intellectual competencies, and
- Society is part in planning for technical skills of the individual
optimum health. nurse into the desire and ability
- The focus of nursing service is to help people, sick or well, cope
the individual. with their health needs.
Patient Health
- The patient is the focus of the - Emphasis should be placed upon
theory, The individuals and prevention and rehabilitation.
families are the recipients of
nursing.

5. Dorothea Middle-
Orem Theory Environment Nursing
- The environment has physical, - A result of working toward
Self-care Deficit chemical, and biological improving the quality of nursing
Theory features. It includes the family, in general hospitals.
culture, and community.

Patient
- Patients or humans are defined
as men, women, and children
cared for either singly or as
social units and are material
object of nurses and others who
provide direct care.
Health
- Health is a state that
encompasses both the health of
individuals and of groups, and
human health is the ability to
reflect on oneself, to symbolize
experience, and to
communicate.

6. Lydia Eloise Philosophy

Hall Nursing; Environment Nursing
- Assumes that the hospital - Nursing is identified as
Care, Cure, Core environment during the consisting of participation in the
treatment of acute illness creates care, core, and cure aspects.
a difficult psychological
experience.

Patient Health
- Viewed a patient as composed of - Viewed becoming ill is a
three aspects: body, pathology, behavior. Illness is directed by
and person. feelings-out-of-awareness, which
are the root of adjustment
difficulties.
7. Jean Watson Philosophy
Nursing; Environment Nursing
Science of Needs - Devised 10 curative factors to - Nursing is a science of persons
Caring Theory the caring human experience and health-illness experience
that need to be addressed by that are mediated by
nurses with their patients when professional, personal, scientific,
in a caring role. and ethical interactions.
Patient Health
- The patient is viewed as a fully - Health is defined as overall
functional integrated self. physical, mental, and social
- Human is viewed as greater functioning; a general adaptive-
than and different from the sum maintenance level of daily
of his or her parts. functioning;and the absence of
illness, or the presence of efforts
leading to the absence of illness.

8. Dorothy Conceptual
Johnson Models and Environment
Grand - This consists of all biological
Behavioral Theory; elements of the human being.
Systems Model Outcome To strive the behavioral aspects,
Theory the biological elements must be
maintained, and this is
manipulated by the nurse.
Patient
- The human being as a valued,
respected, cared, nurtured,
understood, assisted person or
in general viewed as a fully
functional integrated self.
Human is viewed as greater
than and different from the sum
of his or her parts.
Nursing
- Johnson views human beings as
the biological system (medicine)
and the behavioral system
(nursing). There should be
continual adjustments to
achieve, maintain, or regain
balance to the steady-state.
Health
- Health is seen as the opposite of
illness, and it is “the regularity
and constancy in behavior,
which reflects adjustments and
adaptations to be able to
function efficient and effective.”

9. Sr. Callista Conceptual

Roy Model and Environment Nursing
grand - Environment includes focal, - Nursing is a science which
Adaptation Theory; contextual and residual. expands adaptive abilities and
Model Outcome - Having a healthy environment enhances the transformation in
Theory for the patient is key for healing. person and environment.
Patient Health
- The person must learn to adapt - Roy defines health as “a state
by being consciously aware and and process of being and
use choice in order to integrate becoming integrated and whole
their condition with their that reflects person and
environment with the help of environmental mutuality.”
nursing.
10. Betty Neuman Conceptual
Model and Environment
Systems Model Grand - The environment is viewed as all
Theory; factors that affect and are
Outcome affected by the system. In
Theory Neuman Systems Model
identifies three relevant
environments: (1) internal, (2)
external, and (3) created.
Patient
- Human being is viewed as an
open system that interacts with
both internal and external
environment forces or stressors.
Nursing
- Nursing is to define the
appropriate action in situations
that are stress-related or in
relation to possible reactions of
the client or client system to
stressors.
Health
- Health is defined as the
condition or degree of system
stability and is viewed as a
continuum from wellness to
illness.

11. Myra Levine

Conceptual Environment
Conservation Model and - Operational environment
Model Grand (undetected natural forces and
Theory that impinge on the individual),
- Perceptual environment
(information recorded by the
sensory organs),
- Conceptual environment
(language, culture, ideas, and
cognition).
Patient
- Person is the unique individual in
unity and integrity, feeling,
believing, thinking, and whole.
Nursing
- Nursing is the human interaction
relying on communication,
rooted in the organic
dependency of the individual in
his relationships with other
human beings.
Health
- Health is the pattern of adaptive
change of the whole being.

12. Madeleine Middle

Leininger Range Environment Nursing
Theory - These terms are not defined by - Nursing is humanistic and
Culture Care: Leininger; she speaks instead of scientific profession and
Diversity Model worldview, social structure, and discipline focused on human
and Universality environmental context. care phenomena in order to
Theory assist or enable individuals or
groups to maintain or regain
their well-being.
Patient Health
- Such are believed to be caring - It is a state of well-being that is
and to be capable of being culturally defined, valued, and
concerned about the needs, practiced, and which reflects the
well-being, and survival of ability of individuals (or groups)
others. to perform their daily role
activities in culturally expressed,
beneficial, and patterned
lifeways.

13. Ida Jean Middle

Orlando Range Environment Nursing
 Theory - Orlando completely disregarded
Nursing Process environment in her theory, only
Theory focusing on the immediate need
of the patient, chiefly the
relationship and actions between
the nurse and the patient (only
an individual in her theory; no
families or groups were
mentioned).
Patient
- emphasizes individuality and the
dynamic nature of the nurse-
patient relationship.
- Humans in need are the focus of
nursing practice.
- Orlando speaks of nursing as
unique and independent in its
concerns for an individual’s need
for help in an immediate
situation.
Health
- The theory explains that the
nurse's role is to find out and
meet the patient's immediate
needs for help.
- The nurse's job is to determine
the nature of the patient's
distress and provide the help he
or she needs.

14. Ernestine
Weidenbach Philosophy Environment Nursing
Nursing; - Recognized the potential effects - Nurses ascribed to an explicit
The Helping Art of environment. philosophy: 1)Reverence for the
of Clinical gift of life, 2)respect for the
Nursing dignity, worth, autonomy,
3)resolution to act dynamically in
relation to one’s beliefs.
Patient Health
- Each person is endowed with a - Not defined nor discussed in
unique potential to develop self- Wiedenbach’s model.
sustaining resources.
- Self-awareness and self-
acceptance is essential.

15. Imogene King Grand

Theory; Environment Nursing
Goal Attainment Needs - Environment is the background - Nursing is a process of action,
Theory and Theory for human interactions. It is both reaction, and interaction
Interacting external to, and internal to, the whereby nurse and client share
Systems Theory individual. information about their
perceptions in the nursing
situation.
Patient Health
- Individuals are social beings - Health is a dynamic life
who are rational and sentient. experience of a human being,
Humans communicate their which implies continuous
thoughts, actions, and beliefs as adjustment to stressors in the
well as choose between internal and external
alternative courses of action, to environment through optimum
set goals, to select the means to use of one’s resources to
achieve goals, and to make achieve maximum potential for
decisions. daily living.

16. Josephine
Peterson and Environment Nursing
 Loretta Zherad - represents the place where the
service is delivered, the
Humanistic community, or the world. The
Nursing environment can be understood
as the time and space in which
the nursing experience takes
place.
Patient
- Human beings are viewed as
open energy fields, being holistic
in nature, are special, dynamic,
aware, and multidimensional,
capable of abstract thought,
creativity, capable of taking
responsibility.
- Nursing as a “lived experience
between human beings”. It is an
evolving, affecting, and helping
relationship in which the patient
and nurse engage in a dialogue.
The nurse must therefore modify
her/his response in offering a
genuine presence.
Health
- Health is valued as necessary
for survival and is often
proposed as the goal of nursing.

17. Joyce
Travelbee Environment Nursing
Middle- - Not clearly defined. - “An interpersonal process
Human to Human Range whereby the professional nurse
Relationship Theory practitioner assists an individual,
Model family or community to prevent
or cope with experience or
illness and suffering, and if
necessary to find meaning in
these experiences.”
Patient Health
- Person is defined as a human - Health is subjective and
being. Both the nurse and the objective.
patient are human beings.

18. Patricia
Benner Philosophy Environment Nursing
Nursing - Used the term ‘situation’ instead. - described nursing as enabling
Novice to Expert Defined by the person’s engaged condition of connection and concern
interaction, interpretation an which shoes a high level of
understanding of the situation. emotional involvement in the nurse-
client relationship.
Patient Health
- Person is viewed as a participant - Focused on the lived experience
in common meanings. of bring healthy and ill.
- The role of the situation, body, - Health as what can be assessed,
personal outcomes, temporarility. well-being as the human
experience of health or
wholeness.
2. Express your reflection on your initial experience as a new student nurse who is being
introduced to the concepts of nursing, you may also add your inspirations as you go through
this pandemic based on the quote of Mother Teresa “it is not how much we do; it is how much
love we put into the doing”.

Being introduced to the concepts of nursing has presented me with a new and exciting challenge as I
embark on my journey as a nursing student. While I may already have some familiarity with these
concepts, it is crucial that I fully master them in order to excel in my future career as a nurse, because I
have so much responsibilities to take, and this profession is definitely something that I have to do
seriously, and not half-heartedly.

I realized that becoming a nurse is not just about providing medical care; it's about empathy,
compassion, and building strong connections with those under your care. It is daunting but, alongside
this challenge, I know I have to have a deep passion passion that drives me throughout the learning
process and in all aspects of my life. I believe that this journey will ultimately bring me fulfillment, as I
strive to make a positive impact on the lives of others without any stipulation. I am prepared to face the
inevitable obstacles that lie ahead, viewing them as opportunities for personal growth rather than
hindrances in my path.