1.

IDENTIFICATION OF SYSTEM LAYOUT (Study Exercise)

A) FRONT PANEL INDICATORS, FRONT PANEL SWITCHES AND REAR SIDE CONNECTORS

Aim
To identify the front panel indicators and front panel switches, and to identify the rear
side connectors available in a computer system.

Hardware Required
A CPU.
Theory
FRONT PANEL INDICATORS
1. Power LED indicator:
It is a power ON indicator, it glows when power is present in the PC.
2. HDD LED indicator :
It glows when the hard disk is accessed.
3. Turbo LED indicator :
It indicates the system is working in high clock speed.
4. Seven segments LED indicator :
It indicates processor speed in GHz. It is optional.
5. CD/DVD drive - activity indicator :
It glows / blinks when the system accesses the drive.
6. CD/DVD drive LOAD / EJECT SWITCH :
Pressing this button opens or closes the drives tray. They operates only when power
is present.
7. Emergency eject hole in CD /DVD drive:
Used to take the disk out of the drive manually using a pin.

REARSIDE CONNECTORS
1. Keyboard & mouse connector:
 
It is used to connect a keyboard colour purple and to connect a mouse colour
green.
2. Universal Serial BUS ports :
For connecting devices like pen drive, printer, scanner etc.
3. Serial port connector [distinctive green colour] COM1, COM2
It is used to connect serial interface devices such as mouse, serial printers, Modem etc.,
4. Parallel port connector [LPT 1]:
It is a 25 pin D type female connector It is used to connect parallel interface
devices such as parallel printers, plotters etc.
5. Monitor output connector [Blue colour 15 pin VGA] :
It is a 15 pin 'D' shaped female connector. This connector supports output to a VGA
compatible screen device.

6. RJ 45 jack - RJ 4.5 connector :

Short for Registered Jack 45 connector. An eight wire connector used to attach
devices to LAN.
7. Power connector:
It is a 3 pin male connector. It is used to supply the 230 V AC input to the system.

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B) FAMILIARIZE THE COMPUTER SYSTEM LAYOUT
AIM :
To familarize the computer system layout and marking the position of SMPS, Motherboard, FDD,
HDD, CD, DVD and add on cards in both flip top model and tower case model.
Hardware Required
A motherboard with all its components.
Theory
a) Types of Memory
RAM - It is a volatile memory which is used to store the data until it is permanently stored
in the secondary storage device. It is also called primary memory.
ROM - This ROM confirms whether all the necessary peripheral devices are connected.
The main job of ROM is to check the components connected to the system through software
written on to it.

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 Daughter Boards (Interface cards)
Daughter board is also known as interface cards or add-on-cards. It is a printed circuit
board attached to motherboard to provide additional functions. The most common interface
cards used in the PC's are graphic cards, NIC card, sound card, TV tuner card etc.
c) SMPS - switched mode power supply
The power supply used in computer are switch mode power supplies. SMPS switches
only the required power to the output.
d) Floppy disk drive (FDD)
It is a device used to drive the floppy disk for reading and writing data into or from the disk.
There are different types of floppy drives to drive different types of floppy disks (5.25 inch and
3.5 inch).
e) I/O Expansion slots
Now-a-days two types of slots are used. They are ISA and PCI. The ISA slot is 8bit/16bit and
PCI slot is 32 bit. The slots carry all the necessary signals and voltages needed to the I/O cards.
f) Hard disk drive (HDD)
Hard disk is a secondary storage memory device. It is available in various capacities like
20GB, 40GB, 80 GB etc.

C) BIOS SETUP
AIM:
To familiarize the computer system by configuring the BIOS setup program and practicing the
trouble shooting of typical problems using BIOS utility.
Hardware Required
A computer system
Theory
The BIOS setup utility stores information about the motherboard components, and the
configuration of other devices that are connected to it. After switching on the computer prompt appears
on the computer display which says "Press DEL to run Setup". When you see this prompt press the
Delete key, and the system will start the setup utility and main menu appears.
The Main Menu
Once you enter Award BIOS COMS Setup Utility, the Main Menu will appear on the Screen.
Use arrow keys to select among the items and press to accept or enter the sub-menu.
Standard CMOS Setup
This setup page includes all the items in standard compatible BIOS.
Advanced BIOS Features
It displays setup page which includes all the items of Advanced Features available on your
system.
Advanced Chipset Features
This setup page includes all the items of chipset special features

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Integrated Peripherals
This section page includes all the items of IDE hard drive and Programmed Input / Output
features
Power Management Setup
This menu provides functions for Green products by allowing users to set the timeout value for
monitor and HDD.
PnP / PCI Configurations
This menu allows the user to modify PNP / PCI configuration functions.
PC Health Status
This menu allows users to monitor PC Health status
Load Fail-Save Defaults
Use this menu to load the BIOS default values for the minimal/stable performance for your
system to operate.
Load Optimized Defaults
Use this menu to load the BIOS default values that are factory settings for optimal
performance system operations.
Supervisor / User Password Setting
Change, set, or disable password. It allows you to limit access to the system and Setup, or just
to setup.
Save & Exit Setup
Save CMOS value changes to CMOS and exit setup.
Exit Without Saving
Abandon all CMOS value changes and exit setup.

Troubleshooting problems using BIOS utility

1. Troubleshoot the cause of the BIOS error message you see on the monitor.
2. Clear the CMOS. Clearing the BIOS memory on your motherboard will reset the BIOS settings.
3. Test your power supply. Just because your computer initially turns on does not mean that the
power supply is working.
4. Reset everything inside your computer case. Resetting will reestablish the cable, card, and
other connections inside your computer.
5. Test your computer's hardware using a Power On Self Test card. A POST card will help identify
which piece of remaining hardware is causing your computer to stop booting.
Result: Thus we have identified the front panel indicators, front panel switches and rear side
connectors. We have also studied the BIOS setup and identified the troubleshooting process.
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 2. HARD DISK
A) INSTALL HARD DISK

Aim To install and configure the given HDD in a system. Also to partition and format the HDD.
Hardware Required
A computer system, a Hard disk drive and a 40 pin flat ribbon cable (IDE cable), disk
defragmenter and disk cleanup utility, anti-virus software..
Procedure
(i) Switch off the system and disconnect the power cable.
(ii) Remove the system case cover (system box cover).
(iii) Using 40 pin flat ribbon cable [IDE cable], connect HDD with the motherboard.
(iv) Connect 4 pin power cable connector [big] of SMPS to the HDD .
(v) Set the jumpers on the drive correctly.
(vi) Now place the HDD into respective drive bay.
(vii) Replace the system case cover and switch on the system.

B) CONFIGURE CMOS-SETUP
Procedure: To configure the HDD, the CMOS SETUP should be changed.
i. Turn 'ON' or restart (reboot) the system. Press DEL key and the system will display its main
menu BIOS setup.
ii. From the main menu select 'STANDARD CMOS SETUP' .
iii. Move to the item primary master or primary slave or secondary master or secondary slave
according to the cable
iv. connection and jumper settings given early. And then press Enter key.
v. This auto detect facility enables the CMOS setup utility to automatically detect whether the
disk is master or slave.
vi. Press F10 key to save all the changes .
vii. Now reboot the system and the hard disk drive is ready for use.

C) PARTITIONING AND FORMATTING A HARD DISK

PARTITIONING A DISK
Procedure: Partitioning is a technique to divide the physical drive into number of logical drives. The
following steps should be followed to make DOS partition.
(i) Type FDISK at the DOS prompt; that brings the partition program to the screen.
(ii) Select the drive for logical partition and press enter.
FORMATTING A HARD DISK
Procedure: It requires a low level formatting and a high level formatting. Formatting an existing disk
completely erases the information stored on it. There are 2 types of formatting.
i) Low level formatting
Low level formatting magnetically divides the disk into tracks and sectors. The
DOS FDISK program is used to find out whether a drive is low level formatted or not
ii) High level formatting
High level formatting creates a file structure. The command to perform high level
formatting is:
C:\>FORMAT C:/S
Press Enter key.
The switch /S is used to transfer the system files (booting files) to the hard disk drive before
formatting.

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 D) MASTER/SLAVE/IDE DEVICES
1. Set the jumpers on the drive correctly. Specify whether the drive will work as master / slave.
2. Now place the HDD into respective drive bay.
3. Replace the system case cover and switch on the system.

E) PRACTICE WITH SCAN DISK, DISK CLEANUP , DISK DE-FRAGMENTER, VIRUS

DETECTING AND RECTIFYING SOFTWARES.
Theory
Scan disk is an utility program, it is used to check, fix and correct the problems in the
following areas of each drive
(i) File allocation table (FAT)
(ii) Physical surface of the drive (Bad sectors)
This utility program also runs automatically. If the system is not properly shut down.
Procedure
The scandisk utility program can be run in both DOS environment and windows environment.
(i) If you are running a scan disk from DOS environment, use the following
syntax Syntax : SCANDISK drive :
(ii) If you are running from windows environment,
Click start -» Select programs -> Select accessories —» Select system tools -» Select
scandisk
The following options are listed:
a. System and data areas : Checks your entire disk for physical damage.
b. System area only : Checks only the system areas of the hard disk for physical damage..
c. Data area only : Checks only the data area of your disk for physical damage.
DISK CLEANUP : The Disk Cleanup tool helps you free up space on your hard disk. The utility
identifies files that you can safely delete, and then enables you to choose whether you want to
delete some or all of the identified files.
Use Disk Cleanup to:
 Remove temporary Internet files.
  Remove downloaded program files (such as Microsoft ActiveX controls and Java applets).
 Empty the Recycle Bin.
 Remove Windows temporary files.
 Remove optional Windows components that you don't use.
 Remove installed programs that you no longer use.

To use Disk Cleanup

1. Click Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Disk Cleanup. If several
drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.
2. In the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.
Choose the files that you want to delete.
3. Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.
DISK DE-FRAGMENTER:
Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that consolidates fragmented files and folders on your
computer's hard disk. As a result reading and writing to the disk speeds up.
To use Disk Defragmenter:
1. Click Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools ->Disk Defragmenter.
2. In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment. and
then click the Analyze button.

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 3. To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment button. After the
defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results. If bad sectors are
found, choose to fix them.

FAMILIARIZING VIRUS DETECTING AND RECTIFYING SOFTWARE

1) Invoke the antivirus software either automatically or manually.
2) Select the drive or external devices to be scanned.
3) Right click on the drive or device and select the option scan.
4) The result will display the number of infected files.
5) Select the corrective measures like REPAIR/DELETE the infected files.

F) CREATING SYSTEM RESTORE POINTS IN WINDOWS FOR SYSTEM RECOVERY.

You’ve created a system restore point, let's take a look at using it.

Step 1: Select the System restore button from the System properties window.

Step 2: The restore point you created from the previous section should now show up alongside the
description you entered, the time, and the date.

Furthermore, within the System restore menu, select the Show more restore point’s option to see the
ones saved automatically. You can also scan them for affected programs.

Step 3: After selecting that restore point and the Next button, select the Finish button to complete
the process.

Result:
Thus we have installed and configured the hard disk. We also have identified the disk
as master/slave and performed disk defragmentation, scan disk and disk cleanup utilities,
performed scan for anti-virus and creating system restore points.

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 3. INSTALL AND CONFIGURE A DVD WRITER AND A BLU-
RAY DISC WRITER.

Aim: To install and configure a DVD-Writer and a Blu-ray disk writer.

Hardware Required
  A computer system, a software CD, a DVD RW drive with its driver software CD.

 
A blank DVD RW or a DVDR, a blu-ray disk drive.

Theory:
A Blu Ray drive uses a blue laser in place of the previous red laser used for the DVD format.
The blue laser has a shorter wavelength allowing much more data to be packed into a single disc.
A Blu Ray disc can hold between 25GB and 50GB of data which is great news for high
definition movies which use far more data than can fit on a standard DVD disc.

Installing a DVD Write / Blu ray disk writer:

1. Switch OFF the system and open the system box.
2. Select the open drive bay to fix the DVD writer /Blu ray writer.
3. Connect the data cable and power cable into the writer
4. Set the jumpers on the drives correctly.
5. Mount the screws properly
6. Close the System box

Configuring a DVD Writer:

When we install the CD Writer and DVD Writer, Windows operating System will
automatically detect and configures it.
To record a blank DVD
(i) Insert a blank DVD in the DVDRW drive and insert any software DVD in the DVD RW drive, )
(ii) Double click the nero icon in the desk top.
(iii) Select favorites select copy disk.
(iv) Click the burn button and now the software is recorded into the blank DVD.

To burn datas to a blu-ray disk

We need a Blu-ray burner , a BD-R or BD-RE (Rewritable) disc, IMGBurn software and the
file that has to be burned in the disk.
1) Open ImgBurn in Build Mode.
2) Add the required folder into the IMGBurn project.
3) Click the Burn icon
4) Select UDF.
5) Confirm the Volume Label.
6) Verify your settings and the files on the disc.

Result:
Thus we have installed and configured DVD writer and Blu ray disk writer successfully.

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 4. PRINTER INSTALLATION AND SERVICING
Aim:
To do head cleaning in a printer, install and configure dot matrix printer, Inkjet and laser
printer, troubleshoot the above printers, check and connect the data cable connectivity.

Hardware required:
A computer system and a dot matrix printer, laser printer.

DOT MATRIX PRINTER:

Head cleaning mechanism of a dot matrix printer:
a) Turn off your printer, and unplug it from the power supply.
b) Dip your cloth in alcohol, and gently clean the outside of the printer.
c) Open your printer. There should be a door protecting the inside mechanical parts.
d) Gently clean the print heads of your dot-matrix printer with an alcohol-swabbed
cloth. Avoid the ribbon. If necessary, you should remove the ribbon while cleaning.
e) Close the printer door. Reconnect the power.
Installing dot matrix and laser printer:
The steps to be followed while installing the printer are:
1.Click Start--> Control Panel--> Printers and other hardware--> Printers and Faxes.
2. Under Printer Tasks, click Add Printer.
3. Click Next on the first Add Printer Wizard window.
4. Select only "Local Printer" option and click "Next”.
5. Make sure to uncheck "Automatically detect and install My Plug and play printer" option.
6. Under Select a Printer Port option, select the LPT1/USB port and click Next.
Under the Manufacturers list, select the correct type.
7. Under the Printers list, select the correct product and printer model number of your
printer and click Next.
8. Under “Do you want to use this printer as the default printer?” , Select "Yes" and click
Next.
9. Test the printer by printing a test page.
DOT MATRIX PRINTER

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 LASER PRINTER

INK JET PRINTER

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Troubleshooting dot matrix printer:
Problem: Printer does not power up.
Solution: No AC Power. Check power cord
Problem: Power is on but printer does not print.
Solution: Printer is not ON LINE. Press ON LINE.
Problem: Printout is faint.
Solution: Replace the ribbon.
Problem: Carriage moves but there is no printing.
Solution: Ribbon is not installed correctly. Re-insert ribbon.

Troubleshooting of Inkjet & LASER printer:

Problem: Light or faded print.

Solution: Replace the toner cartridge.

Problem: Dirt on the backside of the page.

Solution: The page layout may be too complex.

Problem: Thin/dark/vertical black lines.

Solution: Check the cartridge and replace if necessary.

Checking and connecting the data cable connectivity:

1. For proper functioning of the printer, the signal cable connecting the system and the
printer must work properly.
2. Check whether the signal cable is connected properly at the end of the system and
the printer.
3. Check the power cable also. If the signal cable or power cable are worn-out or damaged,
replace it with a new cable.
4. In correct port assignment is also making a problem in printer. So assign the correct port for
the printers according to the technical specifications.

Result:
Thus we have installed and configured dot matrix and laser printer successfully.

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 5. To Install and configure Scanner, Web cam and bio-
Metric device with system and troubleshoot the problems.
Aim:
To Install and configure Scanner, Web cam and bio-metric device with system in a computer
system.
Procedure:
To Install and configure Scanner:
On Windows, connect your scanner. Open "Settings" → "Devices" → "Printers & Scanners" →
"Add a printer or scanner".

1. Plug in your scanner to a power source and turn it on. You need it powered on so your computer
can detect it.
2. Connect your scanner to your computer with a USB cable. Using the USB cable that came with
your scanner, plug it into an open USB port on your computer. If you don't have a USB cable that
came with your scanner, usually any USB cable will work.
 If your computer detects the scanner once they are both powered on, you need to follow the
on-screen prompts to download any necessary drivers and skip the rest of this method.
3. Plug in your scanner to a power source and turn it on (if it's not already on).You need it powered
on so your computer can detect it.
4. Open your Windows Settings. You can do so on Windows 10 and 11 by clicking the Start menu
and selecting Settings or the gear icon.
5. Click Devices (Windows 10) or Bluetooth & devices (Windows 11).On Windows 10, you'll see this
with an icon of a speaker and keyboard in the second column. On Windows 11, you'll see it in the left
panel.
6. Click Printers & Scanners. You’ll see this in the vertical menu on the left side of the window.
7. Click Add a printer or scanner. You’ll see this at the top of the window.
8. Click your scanner's name and click Add device. In the list that populates, the scanner you want
to add will most likely display with the manufacturer name, the model name, and/or the model number .

To Install and configure Webcam:

1. Attach the webcam to your computer.
2. Connect your webcam to your PC. Most new webcams are plug-and-play. Use the USB cable
attached to your webcam to plug it into any free USB port on your PC. Your computer should
detect it automatically.
3. Install the driver software if needed.

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 4. Set your webcam as the default. On Windows 10, you can do this using the Control Panel.
On Windows 11, you can disable your PC's built-in webcam in the Settings menu. Use the
following steps to set your webcam as the default:[1]
a. Windows 10:
i. Click the Windows Start menu.
ii. Type Co n t ro l P a n e l .
iii. Click the Control Panel icon.
iv. Click View devices and printers.
v. Right-click your webcam.
vi. Click Set as Default Device.
b. Windows 11:
i. Click the Windows Start menu.
ii. Click the Settings icon which, resembles a gear.
iii. Click Bluetooth & devices.
iv. Click Cameras.
v. Click your built-in webcam (not the external webcam you just installed).
vi. Click Disable.

To Install and configure Bio-metric Device:

1. Insert the software installation disc that came along with your fingerprint reader, into the
disc drive of your computer. The installation disc has drivers that need to be installed to use the
reader.
2. Run the installer by choosing "Open with File Explorer", then by opening the installer.
Plug the fingerprint reader into the USB port. This is essential because without it, you cannot use
the sensor.
3. Follow the steps the installation wizard prompts you to. Choose the location for installing the
software. Once the installation is complete, click the close or finish button to end the process.
4. Place the reader on a convenient surface, such as on a desk. It should be easy to find and easy
to get to.
5. Make sure the reader is easily accessible since you will be using it for accessing the computer
most of the times.
6. Register each fingerprint. Try using Windows Hello/Touch ID, if that does not work, then run the
software that the reader comes with.
7. Lock your computer, and sign in by touching the fingerprint sensor.

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Troubleshooting of Scanner:
1. Check Cables.
2. Update Scanner Drivers.
3. Add Your Scanner Manually via the Settings.
4. Set Scanner Services to Open Automatically.
5. Run Scanner in Compatibility Mode.
6. Run the Hardware and Devices Troubleshooter.

Troubleshooting of Webcam:
1. Unplug and replug the webcam.
2. Uninstall and reinstall of the Device Driver and Software.
3. Connect your webcam to another computer

Troubleshooting of Bio Metric Device:

Cleaning the Fingerprint Reader

1. Cut a one-inch piece of cellophane tape from a tape dispenser.

2. Place the sticky side of the tape onto the fingerprint reader's window. Press the tape onto the

window, then quickly remove it.

3. Swipe your finger across the reader's window from top to bottom to access the computer. If the

reader doesn't recognize the fingerprint or a "can't read" error occurs, proceed to the next step.

4. Apply 1 tbsp. of a mild ammonia-based glass cleaner to a soft cloth or towel. Wipe the fingerprint

reader's window gently with the cloth or towel. Use a clean area of the towel or cloth and wipe the

reader again.

Result:
Thus the Install and configure Scanner, Web cam and bio-metric device to the pc are installed
successfully.

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 6. CABLE CRIMPING

AIM :- To do Cable Crimping for Standard Cabling and Cross Cabling in a network .

REQUIREMENTS: RJ45 Connectors, Crimping tool & CAT 5 cable of desired length.

PROCEDURE:
CAT 5 Cable has 4 pairs of copper wire inside it. The color coding of Standard cables has ORANGE
WHITE (1), ORANGE (2), GREEN WHITE (3) , BLUE (4), BLUE WHITE (5), GREEN (6), BROWN
WHITE (7), BROWN (8).

Standard Cabling

1. Remove the covering of CAT 5 cable.

2. Straighten the eight wires of the cable.
3. Using Crimping tool’s cutter cut the end of wires so that they are of same length
4. Arrange the wire in order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 respectively as shown in the diagram.

5. Insert the arranged cable in the RJ45 connector with clip pointing down.
6. In crimping tool insert the head of RJ45 connector and crimp (press) it hardly.
7. Follow same steps with same color order for the other end of cable.

Cross Cabling

Of the Eight wires in Cat 5, only 4 wires of the cable are used i.e. Two wires for
transmitting signal and two wires for receiving signal. 1st point 2nd point of cable wires
1 -----------3
2 -----------6
3 -----------1
4 -----------4
5 -----------5
6 -----------2
7 -----------7
8 -----------8
Cable each wires setting.

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 1. Follow Steps 1 to 6 as done in standard cabling.
2. Only difference is in color coding of other side of wire.
3. Wire that is on 1st number on A-side (one end) should be on 3rd number on B-side (other
side) & vice-versa.
4. Wire that is on 2nd number on A-side (one end) should be on 6th number on B-side (other
side) & vice versa.
5. Now Crimp the RJ45 connector.

I/O Connector Crimping

1. Place the crimp ring over the cable end.

2. Trim the outer cover back about 1/4".
3. Trim the shielding, wire wrap and dielectric back to the bare inner wire.
4. Place the terminator over the end of the wire so the copper core sticks out through the
hole.
5. Push the crimp-style connector down into the cable end so that the tube of the
connector goes between the foil and the outer housing.
6. Crimp the ring around the outside of the cable.
7. Trim any loose wires.
8. Tug on the connector to the system to make sure it is attached.

RESULT:-

Thus we have done the cable crimping for standard and cross cabling in a network and
tested it using a cable tester.

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 7. A. CONFIGURE HOST IP, SUBNETMASK AND DEFAULT GATEWAY IN
A SYSTEM IN LAN (TCP/IP CONFIGURATION).

AIM:-
To configure TCP/IP and DNS to establish interconnection between systems in LAN.
PROCEDURE:
1. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Network and Internet Connections, and then click
Network Connections.
2. Right-click the network connection that you want to configure, and then click Properties.
3. On General tab click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties.
4. Select the option Use the following IP address.
5. Configure the entries
IP address : : 132.147.160.1
Subnet mask : 255.255.0.0
Default gateway : 132.147.160.164
6. If you want to obtain DNS server addresses from a DHCP server, click Obtain DNS server
address automatically.

7. If you want to manually configure DNS server addresses, click Use the following DNS server
addresses, and then type the preferred DNS server and alternate DNS server IP addresses in
the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server boxes.
8. Click OK to save the Connection properties.

Installing DHCP Server

1. Click Start and then select Control panel.
2. Select Add 0r Remove Program and then click Add or Remove windows components.
3. From the windows component wizard select Network Services and then select Details button.
4. From the network service window select DHCP component.
5. Click OK and then click Finish from windows component wizard.

Configuring DHCP Server

1. Click start -> Program and then select Administrative tools
2. From the administrative tools select DHCP
3. From the list select server and from the menu bar select Action.
4. From the Action menu bar select New scope.
5. A new scope wizard appears.
6. Now type the Name and Description for the scope and then click OK.
7. Now enter the Start IP address and End IP address that the scope distributes and then click
next and then Click Finish in the New Scope wizard.

Configuring DHCP Client

When TCP/IP is first installed, Windows XP automatically enables the option to obtain an IP
address from a DHCP server. You can disable this option if you want to manually enter IP addresses.
The IP configuration tool (Ipconfig) allows users or administrators to examine the current
IP address configuration assigned to the computer, the IP address lease time, and other useful
data about the TCP/IP configuration.
Start-> Run -> cmd -> ipconfig

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 7.B. CONFIGURE INTERNET CONNECTION AND USE IPCONFIG, PING /
TRACERT AND NETSTAT UTILITIES TO DEBUG THE NETWORK ISSUES.
AIM:-
To configure internet connection and use ipconfig,ping and netstat utilities to debug
the network issues.
PROCEDURE:
IPCONFIG
  
All incoming and outgoing network connections use the netstat command.
  
At a command prompt, type netstat.

 It lists all connections, including the protocol being
used, the local and Internet
addresses, and the current state of the connection.

To see basic information  about your adapters, type ipconfig at a command prompt, and you'll
see information like this:

We can use ipconfig to release and renew IP addresses, and perform other troubleshooting
functions as well. For example, to renew an adapter's IP address, use this command:
ipconfig /renew "adapter name"

TRACERT
The Tracert tool determines the path taken to a destination.
Tracert displays the path as the list of nearside router interfaces of the routers in the path
between a source host and a destination node.
c:\>tracert 2001:db8:1:f282:dd48:ab34:d07c:3914

PING
Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands. Ping allows a user to
ping another network IP address.
Eg: ping 204.228.150.3
Options available with ping

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-t Pings the specified host until stopped.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.

NETSTAT
Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics,
the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for
the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols).

Result:
Thus we have configured TCP/IP and DNS to establish interconnection between systems in
LAN. We have also configured internet connection and use ipconfig,ping and netstat utilities to debug
the network issues.

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