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Muscle List Anatomy & Physiology I C. J. Shuster: Name Origin Insertion Action Antagonist
Muscle List Anatomy & Physiology I C. J. Shuster: Name Origin Insertion Action Antagonist
SHUSTER
Name Origin Insertion Action Antagonist
----Temporal Fossa
Masseter
Zygomatic arch
closes mouth and moves jaw from side to side as in chewing Blinking, Squinting Close Mouth Smiling Muscle Swallowing depresses hyoid elevates hyoid, depresses mandible Swallowing flexes at neck (head forward) and rotates at neck (turns head to side); also elevates (raises) sternum and rib cage in breathing
----------------hyoid mandible
----------------sternum hyoid
none that we studied none that we studied none that we studied none that we studied Mylohyoid Sternohyoid
they are very deep Manubrium (upper part) of sternum and clavicle.
they are very deep mastoid process of temporal bone (base of skull just behind and below the ear)
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Antagonist
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E. Superficial Thorax
Serratus anterior Trapezius ----Spines of cervical and thoracic vertebrae and occipital bone ----Spine of scapula and clavicle Stabilize Scapulae Shoulder joint depresses (lowers) and adducts scapula (draws scapulae in towards midline), also extends at neck (tilts head back) Sternocleidomastoid flexes at neck (bows head forward)
Origin
Insertion
Action
Antagonist
adducts at shoulder (pulls arm toward midline) and flexes at shoulder (pulls arm across the front of the body) abducts at shoulder (lifts arm away from body), can be used to flex at shoulder (bring arm across front) or extend at shoulder (back of body) Rotator of Humerus
latissimus dorsi extends at shoulder (pulls arm across back of body); deltoid abducts at shoulder (lifts arm away from midline) both latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major adduct at shoulder (pull arm toward midline)
Deltoid
----The fossae, lateral border & posterior surface of Scapula Spines of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and iliac crest (crest of hip bone) Greater & Lesser Tubercles of Humerus intertubercular groove of humerus
Stabilize Shoulder Joint Action: adducts at shoulder (pulls arm toward midline) and extends at shoulder (across the back of the body) Pectoralis major flexes at shoulder (pulls arm across front of body); deltoid abducts at shoulder (lifts arm away from midline)
Latissimus dorsi
NOTE: the biceps brachii and triceps brachii also move the shoulder, although they are on the next table
Brachialis
triceps brachii extends arm at elbow biceps brachii and Brachialis both flex at elbow
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Supinator
pronator teres pronates (turns hand palm down or palm to the rear) supinator and biceps brachii both roll hand palm up or palm forward (supinate) extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis both extend at wrist flexor carpi radialis abducts at wrist extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis both extend at wrist, flexor carpi ulnaris adducts at wrist
Pronator teres
flexes wrist (bends forward) and adducts wrist (toward little finger side of hand) flexes wrist (bends forward) and abducts wrist (bend toward thumb side of hand)
Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus, and the proximal ulna
Insertion
posterior surface of medial metacarpals and carpals (pinkie side) posterior surface of lateral metacarpals (on thumb side of hand)
Action
Extends wrist (bends forward) and adducts wrist (toward little finger side of hand) Extends wrist (bends forward) and abducts wrist (bend toward thumb side of hand)
Antagonist
flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis both flex at wrist extensor carpi radialis abducts at wrist flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis both flex at wrist, extensor carpi ulnaris adducts at wrist
ID all superficial forearm muscles Notice: "Digitalis" refers to "moves fingers" or "move phalanges" "Carpi" refers to "moves wrist" or "moves carpal bones" "Ulnaris" = pinkie-side "Radialis" = "thumb-side" Do you see any other trend in nomenclature??
Origin
Insertion
Action
Antagonist
extends at hip (draws leg back) and lateral rotation at hip (turns foot outward) abducts at hip (lifts leg away from midline) and medial rotation at hip (turns foot inward) extends (straightens) at knee also flexes at hip (raises leg forward)
rectus femoris flexes at hip (lifts leg forward), gluteus medius medial rotation at hip (turns foot inward) gracilis adducts at hip (pulls leg in towards midline); gluteus maximus lateral rotation at hip (turns foot outward) gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis and all 'hamstring' muscles all flex at knee, gluteus maximus and all 'hamstrings' extend at hip gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis and all 'hamstring' muscles all flex at knee gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis and all 'hamstring' muscles all flex at knee gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis and all 'hamstring' muscles all flex at knee
Q u a d r I c e p s
rectus femoris
inferior iliac
vastus lateralis
Same as above
vastus medialis
Same as above
shaft) of femur
vastus intermedius
Insertion
lateral proximal end of fibula and tibia
Action
flexes (bends) at knee, extends at hip (draws leg backward) flexes (bends) at knee, extends at hip (draws leg backward) flexes (bends) at knee, extends at hip (draws leg backward)
Antagonist
all 'quadriceps' muscles extend at knee, rectus femoris and sartorius flex at hip all 'quadriceps' muscles extend at knee, rectus femoris and sartorius flex at hip all 'quadriceps' muscles extend at knee, rectus femoris and sartorius flex at hip
H A M S T R I N G S
A D D U C T O R S
biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
Semi-membra nosus
ischial tuberosity
ID the pectineus, adductor longus, adductor magnus. The adductor brevis is deep, and can't be seen easily on any model.
Adduction of Thigh
sartorius
flexes (bends) at knee, flexes at hip (lifts leg forward), rotates hip outward (lateral). Combined motion results in sitting cross-legged adducts at hip (brings legs together at midline) also flexes (bends) at knee
gluteus maximus and all 'hamstrings' extend at hip, all 'quadriceps' muscles extend at knee
gracilis
pubic symphysis
soleus
posterior proximal ends of tibia and fibula lateral proximal end of tibia
calcaneus (heel)
plantar flexion (stand on tip-toes) dorsiflexion (bends ankle to raise foot towards front of lower leg)
tibialis anterior
Study Hints: 1. For origins and insertions, start off by knowing the bones, before you learn the specific features. For example, you get partial credit for knowing that the biceps brachii originates: "on the scapula" more partial credit for knowing "the Coracoid process of the scapula" and full credit for knowing "the Coracoid process and glenoid cavity of the scapula"
Trends worth noting: 1. If a muscle crosses a joint, it moves it (action!) 2. Muscles on the anterior surface of the body tend to flex a joint (only true up to the knee!) 3. Muscles on the posterior surface of the body tend to extend a joint (only true up to the knee!) 4. Muscles on the lateral or medial surface of the torso or limb tend to adduct, abduct, and/or rotate a joint.