Personality Dr. Sumant Kumar Bishwas School of Business Indian Institute of Technology Guwahativ Xhas a good personality- refer to physical appearance v¥ Y Should have a more dynamic personality- desired behavior of Y “+ The term ‘personality! is used in several sense. ** Personality is an organized, consistent pattern of perception of the “I”, around which the individual interacts and has experiences. “+ Personality consists of the Mental, Physical, Moral, and Social qualities of individual. ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083tt eto) 1a] a %* Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. “* The sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. “Measuring Personality » Managers need to know how to measure personality. = Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is best for a job. » The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083Bhd Rema iiay Psychometric/ Trait Theories of Personality + Sixteen Personality Factors (16 P-F) + Big Five + FIRO-B Psychodynamic Theories of Personality * Carl Jung and MBTI + Sigmund Freud ¢ Transactional Analysis Lifestyle-based Theories of Personality + Type Avs. Type B + Enlarging vs. Enfolding + Personality-Job Fit ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083eT im ey — Is personality the result of heredity or environment? — Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. = The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes. * Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics. — Shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid. = These are Personality Traits. ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083Taare (| Extraversion: One’s comfort level with relationships: talkative, outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Agreeableness: One’s inclination to defer to others: Good-natured, cooperative, warm, caring, and trusting. Conscientiousness: One’s reliability regarding responsibility; Self disciplined, hardworking, dependable, persistent, and organized. Emotional Stability: One’s ability to withstand stress; Calm, happy, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative). Openness to Experience: One’s range of interests and fascination with novelty: Creative, curious, intellectual, imaginative, and sensitive. ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083How Big Five Traits Influence OB Criteria BIG FIVE TRAITS WHY IS IT RELEVANT? WHAT DOES IT AFFECT * Less negative thinking and ‘* Higher job and life satisfaction Emotional stability —- fewer negative emotions -»- * Lower siress levels * Less hypervigilant ‘* More adoptable to change * Better interpersonal skills ‘* Higher performance Extraversion -—s® *Greater social dominance _—» * Enhanced leadership * More emotionally expressive ‘Higher job and life satisfaction * Increased learning ‘* Enhanced Training Openness» * More creative L Performance * More flexible and autonomous ‘Enhanced leadership * Better liked * Higher performance Agreeableness _—» * More compliant ond Ls *lower levels of deviant conforming behavior * Greater effor and persistence ‘Higher performance Conscientiousness —» *More drive and discipline |» * Enhanced leadership * Betier organized and planning * Greater longevityFundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO-B) > Developed by William Schutz in late 1950s » Based on theory of Interpersonal Relations. > Interpersonal needs are very important to understand and predict behaviour of human beings. Three main basic needs people have: v To give and receive Affection: Y To Control others and be controlled by others; and Y Need to socialize and interact with people (Inclusion). ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083Expressed and Wanted Dimensions Three basic needs (William Schutz) Inclusion Control Affection Expressed Expressed Expressed Expressed Behavior Inclusion Control Affection Wanted Wanted Wanted Wanted Behavior Inclusion Control Affection ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083Sigmund Freud and P Siac Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle Super Ego- voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave Moral ** We are born with Id. Id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. “ Over the next three years Ego begins to develop By the age of Five, the Superego developsSigmund Freud and P ality Structu The superego is our Moral part. ++ Ego does the balancing act, satisfying the needs of the id and not weakening the Superego. *S If the Id gets too strong, impulses and self-gratification take over the person’s life. + If the Superego becomes too strong, the person would be driven by rigid morals, and would be judgmental and unbending.yc lee I Erotic (Dependent): Optimistic, Manipulative IL Obsessive (Orderly): Stubborn, Meticulous II Narcissistic (Independent): Courageous, Stylish IV Detached (Interdependent): Democratic, Linking with others, Situation-specific ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083lesa si BY SMe LeU) Personality test that taps Four Characteristics and classifies people into | of 16 personality types. Characteristics * Type of social interaction- + Extroverted vs Introverted (E or I) 3 % Preference for gathering data- * Sensing vs Intuitive (S or N) % * Preference for decision making- =: Thinking vs Feeling (T or F) * Style of decision making- . Judging vs Perceiving (J or P) ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083Aspects Source of Energy Extroversion (E) Introversion (I) Ocollecting Information Sensing (S) Intuiting (N) “Decision Making Thinking (T) Feeling (F) ¥ Understanding the world Judging (J) Perceiving (P) Characteristics > Outgoing, sociable and assertive. Relates more easily to the outer world of people and things than to the inner world of ideas. > Quiet and shy. Relates more easily to the inner world of ideas than to the outer world of people. Q Practical, prefer routine and order, look for details- work with known facts than look for possibilities and relationships. Q Theoretical, abstract. Would look for possibilities and relationships than work with known facts * Analytical, use reasons and logic to handle problems than personal values % Subjective, heart. Relies more on personal values and emotions. Y Structured, organized. Likes a planned and orderly way of life than a flexible spontaneous way Y Flexible, spontaneous. Likes a flexible, spontaneous way than a planned and orderly way of life.Combination of Four (Jungian) Aspects for 16 Personality Types ISTJ ESTS INTJ ENTJ ISTP ESTP INTP ENTP ISFJ ESFJ INFJ ENFJS ISFP ESFP INFP ENFP * INTIs are visionaries. (introverted, intuitive, thinking, judging) ESTJs are organizers. (extroverted, sensing, thinking, judging) * ENTPs are conceptualizers. (extroverted, intuitive, thinking, perceiving) ‘Dit Suseant Bicwwen/ UT Guwrehet/2083Problems/ L ela roy mY = ** Forces a person into one type of another *% Reliability of the answer * Results from MBTI not related with Job performance Valuable tool for increasing self-awareness and providing career guidance but not for Job Performance. ‘Dit: Suseant Bicwwe/ WT Guwehet/2083