Chapter 13

TEMPERATURE AND THE IDEAL GAS

Conceptual Questions Page 512

1- Explain why it would be impossible to uniquely define the temperature of an object if the
zeroth law of thermodynamics were violated?
Ans: The development of standard temperature scales requires use of the zeroth law of
thermodynamics. This law tells us that if a thermometer is in thermodynamic equilibrium
with both a test object and an object used to define a standard, then the test and standard
objects must be in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other. If this law did not hold,
the temperature scale on a thermometer would have no relation to the actual temperature
of the test object, and therefore, no standard could be defined.

3- Under what special circumstances can kelvins or Celsius degrees be used

interchangeably?
Ans: A temperature difference of 1 K is the same as a temperature change of 1C. Thus,
either scale may be used in applications dealing only with temperature differences.

4- What happens to a hole in a flat metal plate when the plate expands on being heated?
Does the hole get larger or smaller?
Ans: Imagine a circle drawn on the plate instead of a hole cut into it. The drawn circle
must expand in the same manner as the cut hole. Thus, the center of the plate expands
outward whether or not a hole exists and the hole must therefore grow larger.

5- Why would silver and brass probably not be a good choice of metals for a bimetallic strip
(leaving aside the question of the cost of silver)? (See Table 13.2 .)
Ans: The thermal expansion coefficients of silver and brass only differ by about 5%.
Thus, a bimetallic strip made from these materials would bend only slightly during
expansion, contrary to its intended purpose.

6- One way to loosen the lid on a glass jar is to run it under hot water. How does that work?
Ans: Metals have thermal expansion coefficients several orders of magnitude larger than
glass. Running the jar under hot water therefore facilitates its opening since the lid
expands more than the jar as its temperature increases.

Problems Page 514

6- Five slabs with temperature coefficients of expansion a have lengths L at T i = 20 ° C.

Their temperatures then rise to T f . Rank them in order of how much their lengths
increase, greatest to smallest.
(a) L = 90 cm, T f = 40 ° C, a = 8 × 10 − 6 K − 1 (granite)
(b) L = 90 cm, T f = 50 ° C , a = 8 × 10 − 6 K − 1 (granite)
 (c) L = 60 cm, T f = 40 ° C , a = 8 × 10 − 6 K − 1 (granite)
(d) L = 90 cm, T f = 40 ° C, a = 12 × 10 − 6 K − 1 (concrete)
(e) L = 60 cm, T f = 50 ° C, a = 12 × 10 − 6 K − 1 (concrete)
Strategy Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Compute the changes in length.

L
(a)  T , so L  L0T  (0.90 m)(8 106 K 1 )(40C  20C)  1.44 10 4 m.
L0
(b) (0.90 m)(8 106 K 1 )(50C  20C)  2.16 10 4 m
(c) (0.60 m)(8 106 K 1 )(40C  20C)  0.96 10 4 m
(d) (0.90 m)(12 10 6 K 1 )(40C  20C)  2.16 104 m
(e) (0.60 m)(12 106 K 1 )(50C  20C)  2.16 10 4 m
Ranking the slabs in order of how much their lengths increase, greatest to smallest, we
have
(b) = (d) = (e), (a), (c).

7- A 2.4-m length of copper pipe extends directly from a hot-water heater in a basement to a
faucet on the first floor of a house. If the faucet isn’t fixed in place, how much will it rise
when the pipe is heated from 20.0 ° C to 90.0 ° C? Ignore any increase in the size of the
faucet itself or of the water heater.
Strategy Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Find the amount the faucet rises.

L
 T , so L  L0T  (2.4 m)(16 106 K 1)(90.0C  20.0C)  2.7 mm .
L0

8- Two 35.0-cm metal rods, one made of copper and one made of aluminum, are placed end
to end, touching each other. One end is fixed, so that it cannot move. The rods are heated
from 0.0 ° C to 150 ° C. How far does the other end of the system of rods move?
Strategy Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Find the expansion of the rods to determine how far the unfixed end moves.
L
 T , so L  L0T . For the system of rods, we have
L0
LCu  LAl  L0Cu T  L0 Al T  L0 T (Cu   Al )
 (0.350 m)(16 106 K 1  22.5 106 K 1 )(150C  0.0C)  2.0 mm .

9- Steel railroad tracks of length 18.30 m are laid at 10.0 ° C. How much space should be
left between the track sections if they are to just touch when the temperature is 50.0 ° C?
 Strategy Since each section of track expands along its entire length, only half of
the expansion is considered for a particular gap. Two sections meet at a gap, so the gap
should be as wide as the expansion of one section of track. Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Find the amount of space that should be left between the track sections.
L
 T , so L  L0T  (18.30 m)(12  106 K 1)(50.0°C  10.0°C)  8.8 mm .
L0
10- A highway is made of concrete slabs that are 15 m long at 20.0 ° C. (a) If the temperature
range at the location of the highway is from − 20.0 ° C to + 40.0 ° C, what size expansion
gap should be left (at 20.0 ° C) to prevent buckling of the highway? (b) How large are the
gaps at − 20.0 ° C?
Strategy Since each concrete slab expands along its entire length, only half of the expansion is
considered for a particular gap. Two sections meet at a gap, so the gap should be as wide as
the expansion of one concrete slab. Use Eq. (13-4).
Solution Find the sizes of the expansion gaps.

(a) L  L0T  (15 m)(12  106 K 1)(40.0°C  20.0°C)  3.6 mm

(b) L  L0T  (15 m)(12 106 K 1)(20.0°C  20.0°C)  7.2 mm

gap width  7.2 mm  3.6 mm  10.8 mm

11- A lead rod and a common glass rod both have the same length when at 20.0 ° C. The lead
rod is heated to 50.0 ° C. To what temperature must the glass rod be heated so that they
are again at the same length?
Strategy Form a proportion with LPb and Lglass (which are set equal) to solve for Tglass
when TPb  50.0C. Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Find the final temperature of the glass.

LPb L0 Pb TPb  Pb TPb
1   , so
Lglass L0 glass Tglass  glass (Tglass  20.0°C)
29  106 K 1
Tglass  (50.0°C  20.0°C)  20.0°C  113°C .
9.4  106 K 1
12- The coefficient of linear expansion of brass is 1.9 ×10 − 5 ° C − 1 . At 20.0 ° C, a hole in
a sheet of brass has an area of 1.00 mm 2 . How much larger is the area of the hole at
30.0 ° C? ( tutorial: loop around the equator)
Strategy The hole expands just as if it were a solid brass disk. Use Eq. (13-6).
 Solution Find the increase in area of the hole.
A  2 A0T  2(1.9  105 °C1)(1.00 mm 2 )(30.0°C  20.0°C)  3.8 10 4 mm 2

13- Aluminum rivets used in airplane construction are made slightly too large for the rivet
holes to be sure of a tight fit. The rivets are cooled with dry ice ( − 78.5 ° C) before they
are driven into the holes. If the holes have a diameter of 0.6350 cm at 20.5°C, what
should be the diameter of the rivets at 20.5 ° C if they are to just fit when cooled to the
temperature of dry ice?
Strategy According to Eq. (13-4), the change in diameter is given by d  d0T  d  d0.

Solution Find the diameter of the rivets.

d  d0  d  d 0  d 0T  d 0 (1  T ), so
d 0.6350 cm
d0    0.6364 cm .
1  T 1  (22.5 10 K 1)(78.5°C  20.5°C)
 6

14- A long, narrow steel rod of length 2.5000 m at 25 ° C is oscillating as a pendulum about a
horizontal axis through one end. If the temperature changes to 0 ° C, what will be the
fractional change in its period?
Strategy For a physical pendulum, T  L . Form a proportion. Use Eq. (13-5).

Solution Find the fractional change in the period of the oscillating steel rod.
Tnew Lnew L0 (1  T )
   1  T , so
T0 L0 L0
T Tnew  T0 Tnew
   1  1  T  1  1  (12 106 K 1)(0C  25C)  1  1.5 104
T0 T0 T0
15- The George Washington Bridge crosses the Hudson River between New York and New
Jersey. The span of the steel bridge is about 1.6 km. If the temperature can vary from a
low of − 15 ° F in winter to a high of 105 ° F in summer, by how much might the length
of the span change over an entire year?
Strategy Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Find the maximum change in the length of the span over an entire year.
 1K 
L   L0T  (12  106 K 1)(1.6  103 m)[105°F  (15°F)]    1.3 m
 1.8°F 
16- The fuselage of an Airbus A340 has a circumference of 17.72 m on the ground. The
circumference increases by 26 cm when it is in flight. Part of this increase is due to the
pressure difference between the inside and outside of the plane and part is due to the
increase in the temperature due to air drag while it is flying along at 950 km/h. Suppose
we wanted to heat a full-size model of the airbus made of aluminum to cause the same
increase in circumference without changing the pressure. What would be the increase in
temperature needed?
Strategy Find the temperature change required to increase the circumference of the
A340 by 26 cm. Use Eq.
(13-4).
 Solution Find the required increase in temperature.
L L 0.26 m
 T , so T    650 K .
L0  L0 (22.5 106 K 1 )(17.72 m)

The melting point of aluminum is 660C.

17- Suppose you have a filling in one of your teeth, and, while eating some ice cream, you
suddenly realize that the filling came out. One of the reasons the filling may have become
detached from your tooth is the differential contraction of the filling relative to the rest of
the tooth due to the temperature change. (a) Find the change in volume for a metallic
dental filling due to the difference between body temperature (37 ° C) and the
temperature of the ice cream you ate ( − 5 ° C). The initial volume of the filling is 30 mm
3 , and its temperature coefficient is a = 42 × 10 − 6 K − 1 . (b) Find the change in
volume of the cavity. The temperature coefficient of the tooth is a = 17 × 10 − 6 K − 1 .
Strategy Use Eq. (13-7) and the fact that  = 3.

Solution
(a)Find the change in volume for the dental filling.
V
 T , so V   V0T  3V0T  3(42  10 6 K 1)(30 mm3)(5C  37C)  0.16 mm 3 .
V0

(b) Find the change in volume for the cavity.

V  3V0T  3(17  106 K 1)(30 mm3 )(5C  37C)  0.064 mm 3

18- A cylindrical brass container with a base of 75.0 cm 2 and height of 20.0 cm is filled to
the brim with water when the system is at 25.0 ° C. How much water overflows when the
temperature of the water and the container is raised to 95.0 ° C?
Strategy Determine how much more the volume of the water expands than that of the
brass container. Use Eq. (13-7).

Solution Find the amount of water that overflows.

V
 T , so Vwater  Vbrass  V0 (  water   brass )T
V0
 (75.0 cm2 )(20.0 cm)(207 106 K 1  57 106 K 1 )(95.0C  25.0C)  15.8 cm3 .

19- An ordinary drinking glass is filled to the brim with water (268.4 mL) at 2.0 ° C and
placed on the sunny pool deck for a swimmer to enjoy. If the temperature of the water
rises to 32.0 ° C before the swimmer reaches for the glass, how much water will have
spilled over the top of the glass? Assume the glass does not expand.
Strategy Determine how much the volume of the water expands. Use Eq. (13-7).
 Solution Find the amount of water that will have spilled.
V
 T , so V  V0 T  (268.4 mL)(207 106 K 1)(32.0C  2.0C)  1.67 mL .
V0
20- Consider the situation described in Problem 19. (a) Take into account the expansion of
the glass and calculate how much water will spill out of the glass. Compare your answer
with the case where the expansion of the glass was not considered. (b) By what
percentage has the answer changed when the expansion of the glass is considered?
Strategy Both the glass and the water expand, but the water expands much more than
the glass. Use Eq.
(13-7).

Solution Find the difference in volume expansions to find the amount of water spilled.
VH O  Vglass  V0 H O T  V0 glass TV0  V0 ( H O  glass )T
2 2 2
 (268.4 mL)(207 106 K 1  28.2 106 K 1 )(32.0C  2.0C)  1.44 mL
Less water spilled compared to the situation in Problem 19.
(b)Strategy Refer to Problem 19 and part (a).

Solution Compute the percent change.

1.44 mL  1.67 mL
100%  14%
1.67 mL
So, 14% less water was spilled than when we don’t consider the expansion of the glass .

21- A steel sphere with radius 1.0010 cm at 22.0 ° C must slip through a brass ring that has
an internal radius of 1.0000 cm at the same temperature. To what temperature must the
brass ring be heated so that the sphere, still at 22.0 ° C, can just slip through?
Strategy Use Eq. (13-4). The internal radius of the ring expands as if it were a solid
piece of brass.

Solution Find the temperature at which the internal radius of the ring is 1.0010 cm.
L L
 T , so  T  T0 . Compute the temperature.
L0  L0
L 1.0010 cm  1.0000 cm
T  T0   22.0°C  75°C
 L0 (19 106 K 1 )(1.0000 cm)
22- A square brass plate, 8.00 cm on a side, has a hole cut into its center of area 4.90874 cm 2
(at 20.0 ° C). The hole in the plate is to slide over a cylindrical steel shaft of cross-
sectional area 4.91000 cm 2 (also at 20.0 ° C). To what temperature must the brass plate
be heated so that it can just slide over the steel cylinder (which remains at 20.0 ° C)? [
Hint : The steel cylinder is not heated so it does not expand; only the brass plate is
heated.]
 Strategy The area of the hole expands as if it were a solid disk of brass. Use Eq. (13-6).

Solution Find the temperature at which the area of the hole is 4.91000 cm2.
A A 4.91000 cm2  4.90874 cm2
 2 T  2 (T  T0 ), so T   T0   20.0°C  26.8°C .
A0 2 A0 2(19 106 K 1)(4.90874 cm2 )
23- A copper washer is to be fit in place over a steel bolt. Both pieces of metal are at 20.0 °
C. If the diameter of the bolt is 1.0000 cm and the inner diameter of the washer is 0.9980
cm, to what temperature must the washer be raised so it will fit over the bolt? Only
the copper washer is heated.

Strategy The diameter of the hole expands as if it were a solid piece of copper. Use Eq.
(13-4).

Solution Find the temperature at which the diameter of the hole is 1.0000 cm.
L L 1.0000 cm  0.9980 cm
 T   (T  T0 ), so T  T   20.0°C  150°C .
L0  L0 0 (16 106 K 1)(0.9980 cm)
145 C
24- Repeat Problem 23, but now the copper washer and the steel bolt are both raised to the
same temperature. At what temperature will the washer fit on the bolt?
Strategy Find the temperature at which the diameters of the washer and bolt are the
same. Use Eq. (13-5).
 Solution Set the final diameters equal and solve for the final temperature.
Lc0  Lc0 c T  Ls0  Ls0s T
Lc0 c (Tf  Ti )  Ls0  Lc0  Ls0s (Tf  Ti )
Tf ( Lc0 c  Ls0s )  Ls0  Lc0  Ti ( Lc0 c  Ls0s )
Ls0  Lc0
Tf   Ti
Lc0 c  Ls0s
1.0000 cm  0.9980 cm
Tf   20.0C  520C
(0.9980 cm)(16  106 K 1 )  (1.0000 cm)(12  106 K 1 )

25- A steel rule is calibrated for measuring lengths at 20.00 ° C. The rule is used to measure
the length of a Vycor glass brick; when both are at 20.00 ° C, the brick is found to be
25.00 cm long. If the rule and the brick are both at 80.00 ° C, what would be the length of
the brick as measured by the rule?
Strategy Use Eqs. (13-4) and (13-5).

Solution Find the new scale of the rule.

Lr Lr  Lr0 L L
  r  1   r T , so r  1   r T .
Lr0 Lr0 Lr0 Lr0
Divide the new length of the brick by the new scale.
Lb L (1   bT ) (25.00 cm)[1  (0.75 106 K 1)(60.00 K)]
 b0   24.98 cm
1   r T 1   r T 1  (12 106 K 1)(60.00 K)

26- A temperature change Δ T causes a volume change Δ V but has no effect on the mass of
an object. (a) Show that the change in density Δ r is given by Δ r = − b r Δ T . (b) Find
the fractional change in density (Δ r / r ) of a brass sphere when the temperature changes
from 32 ° C to − 10.0 ° C.
Strategy A decrease in volume for a fixed mass increases the density, and vice versa.
Use Eq. (13-7).

Solution
V  V 
(a)  T and  . Thus,  T , so   T .
V0  V0 

(b)Compute the fractional change in density.


 T  (57 106 K 1)(10.0°C  32°C)  2.4 103


27- A flat square of side s 0 at temperature T 0 expands by Δ s in both length and width when
the temperature increases by Δ T . The original area is s 0 2 = A0 and the final area is ( s 0
+ Δ s ) 2 = A . Show that if Δs << s0,

(Although we derive this relation for a square plate, it applies to a flat area of any shape.)
Strategy Use Eqs. (13-4) and (13-6) and the given initial and final areas.

Solution Find the fractional change.

 A A  A0 (s0  s)2  s02 s02  2s0s  (s)2  s02 2s0s  (s)2 s(2s0  s)
    
A0 A0 s02 s02 s02 s02
Now, since s0  s, we have
A s(2s0  0) 2s0s 2s s
 2
 2   2T since  T .
A0 s0 s0 s0 s0

28- The volume of a solid cube with side s 0 at temperature T 0 is V 0 = s 03 . Show that if Δs
<< s0, the change in volume Δ V due to a change in temperature Δ T is given by Δ _V_ V
0 = 3a ΔT (13-7, 13-8) and therefore that b = 3 a . (Although we derive this
relation for a cube, it applies to a solid of any shape.)
Strategy Use Eqs. (13-4) and (13-7) and the given initial volume.

Solution Find the fractional change.

V V  V0 (s0  s)3  s03 s03  2s02s  s0 (s)2  s02s  2s0 (s)2  (s)3  s03 3s02s  3s0 (s) 2  (s)3
   
V0 V0 s03 s03 s03

V 3s02s s
Now, since s  s0 , 3s02s  s0 (s)2 and (s)3. Thus, we have  3 3  3T
V0 s0 s0
s
since  T .
s0

112- A steel ring of inner diameter 7.00000 cm at 20.0 ° C is to be heated and placed
over a brass shaft of outer diameter 7.00200 cm at 20.0 ° C. (a) To what temperature
must the ring be heated to fit over the shaft? The shaft remains at 20.0 ° C. (b) Once the
ring is on the shaft and has cooled to 20.0 ° C, to what temperature must the ring plus
shaft combination be cooled to allow the ring to slide off the shaft again?
Strategy Use Eqs. (13-4) and (13-5).

Solution
(a)Find T such that L  0.00200 cm.
L 0.00200 cm
L   L0T , so T   T0   20.0°C  44°C .
 L0 (12 10 6 K 1)(7.00000 cm)


(b)Set the diameters ( Ls and Lb ) equal and solve for T.

Ls  Lb
Ls0  Ls0 s T  Lb0  Lb0 b T
T ( Ls0 s  Lb0 b )  Lb0  Ls0
Lb0  Ls0
T  T0 
Ls0 s  Lb0 b
7.00200 cm  7.00000 cm
 20.0°C   21°C
(7.00000 cm)(12  106 K 1)  (7.00200 cm)(19 106 K 1)

113- The inner tube of a Pyrex glass mercury thermometer has a diameter of 0.120 mm. The bulb
at the bottom of the thermometer contains 0.200 cm 3 of mercury. How far will the thread of
mercury move for a change of 1.00 ° C? Remember to take into account the expansion of the
glass.
Strategy The increase in volume of the mercury minus the increase in volume of the glass bulb
equals the volume of mercury that moves up the tube. Use Eqs. (13-6) and (13-7).

Solution Find the how far the thread of mercury moves h.

VHg  Vg  Atubeh
V0  Hg T  V0 g T  ( A0  2 g A0T )h
V0 ( Hg  g )T (0.200 106 m3 )[(182  9.75) 106 K 1](1.00 K)
h   3.05 mm
A0 (1  2 g T ) 1  (0.120  103 m) 2[1  2(3.25 106 K 1)(1.00 K)]
4

114- A wine barrel has a diameter at its widest point of 134.460 cm at a temperature of 20.0 ° C.
A circular iron band, of diameter 134.448 cm, is to be placed around the barrel at the widest spot.
The iron band is 5.00 cm wide and 0.500 cm thick. (a) To what temperature must the band be
heated to be able to fit it over the barrel? (b) Once the band is in place and cools to 20.0 ° C,
what will be the tension in the band?
(a)Strategy Use Eq. (13-4).

Solution Find the temperature to which the band must be heated.

L L 134.460 cm  134.448 cm
 T , so T  T0   20.0°C   27.4°C .
L0  L0 (12 106 K 1)(134.448 cm)

(b) Strategy Use Eq. (10-4).

Solution Find the tension in the band when it cools.

F L
Y , so
A L0
L 134.460 cm  134.448 cm
F  AY  (0.0500 m)(0.00500 m)(2.0  1011 N m 2 )  4.5 kN .
L0 134.448 cm

Multiple Choice Questions: (Test Bank)

1- A brass rod is 25.0 cm long at a temperature of 20.0C. The coefficient of linear
expansion of brass is 19.0  10-6/C. If the temperature changes to 25C, then the increase
in length of the brass rod is
A. 1.65  10-5 m.
B. 2.37  10-5 m.
C. 3.03  10-5 m.
D. 3.72  10-5 m.
E. 4.01  10-5 m.

2- An aluminum rod is 20.0 cm in length, has a diameter of 10.0 mm and is at a temperature

of 20C. The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 23.0  10-6/C. If the
temperature changes to 50C, then the increase in diameter of the aluminum rod is
A. 4.0  10-3 mm.
B. 4.9  10-3 mm.
C. 5.6  10-3 mm.
D. 6.0  10-3 mm.
E. 6.9  10-3 mm.

3- A 3.00 cm  5.00 cm rectangular piece of copper is at a temperature of 10.0C. The

coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17.0  10-6/C. If the temperature of the
copper rectangle increases its temperature by 2.00C, then what is the change in the area
of the rectangular piece of copper?
A. 2.44  10-3 cm2
B. 1.95  10-3 cm2
C. 1.02  10-3 cm2
D. 0.830  10-3 cm2
E. 0.550  10-3 cm2
4- A 40.0 liter gas tank is filled to the brim with gasoline when the temperature is 5.00C.
Gasoline has a coefficient of volume expansion of 950  10-6/C. If the gas tank is moved
into the sun of a hot summer day, the temperature of the gas tank is increased to 60.0C.
What is the volume of gasoline that overflows the tank (ignore the expansion of the gas
tank)?
A. 3.95 liters
B. 3.11 liters
C. 2.67 liters
D. 2.09 liters
E. 1.55 liters

5- A 100 liter water tank is filled to the brim with water when the temperature is 5.00C.
Water has a coefficient of volume expansion of 207  10-6/C. If the temperature of the
water tank is increased to 60.0C, what is the volume of water that overflows the tank
(ignore the expansion of the tank)?
A. 1.14 liters
B. 1.40 liters
C. 1.75 liters
D. 2.01 liters
E. 2.44 liters

6- A 10.0 liter water bottle is filled to the brim with water when the temperature is 5.00C.
The bottle is sealed after it is completely filled with water. Water has a coefficient of
volume expansion of 207  10-6/Cand a bulk modulus of 2.20  109 N/m2. If the
temperature of the water tank is increased to 30.0C, what is the increase in pressure due
to the expansion of the water (ignore the expansion of the bottle)?
A. 1.01  107 N/m2
B. 1.14  107 N/m2
C. 1.75  107 N/m2
D. 2.01  107 N/m2
E. 2.73  107 N/m2
7- The temperature of a copper cube is increased by 35.0C. The linear coefficient of
thermal expansion is 17.0  10-6/C. The fractional change in volume is
A. 3.00  10-3.
B. 2.67  10-3.
C. 2.33  10-3.
D. 2.00  10-3.
E. 1.79  10-3.

8- A copper plate has a hole with a diameter of 2.50 cm. A copper shaft with a diameter of
2.501 cm is to be inserted into the hole. If the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for
copper is 17.0  10-6/C, then what is the decrease in temperature the copper shaft has to
be subjected to in order to allow the shaft to just fit inside the hole?
A. 23.5C
B. 26.4C
C. 30.1C
D. 33.3C
E. 39.5C

9- A brass box is in the shape of a cube. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion is 19 
10-6/C. If the temperature of the box is increased by 20C, then what is the fractional
change in the volume of the box?
A. 0.08%
B. 0.11%
C. 0.15%
D. 0.25%
E. 0.30%

10- A brass plate measures 30.0 cm by 40.0 cm. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion
is 19.0  10-6/C. If the temperature of the plate is increased by 10.0 K, then what is the
increase in the area of the plate?
A. 0.350 cm2
B. 0.404 cm2
C. 0.456 cm2
D. 0.502 cm2
E. 0.555%
11- The density of copper at 293 K is 8940 kg/m3 and its linear expansion coefficient is 17.0
x 10-6 K-1. Consider a hot cube of copper that is 1.0cm on a side when its temperature is
1356 K. What is the cube’s mass?
A. 8.80 g
B. 8.46 g
C. 8.78 g
D. 8.38 g
E. 8.94 g

12- 147.5 ml of ethyl alcohol (coefficient of volume expansion  = 1120 x 10-6 K-1) at a
temperature of 273.1 K is measured into a 150.0 ml glass beaker (whose coefficient of
volume expansion is negligible by comparison). To what temperature does the beaker
have to be warmed for it to be completely full (i.e. for the volume of the alcohol to reach
150.0 ml)?
A. 288.0 K
B. 278.1 K
C. 283.1 K
D. 288.2 K

13- A 50.00 ml sample of mercury at room temperature (293.0 K) is cooled. What is the
volume of the sample when the mercury reaches 273.0 K? The coefficient of volume
expansion of mercury is 182.0 x 10-6 K-1.
A. 49.39 ml
B. 49.94 ml
C. 49.82 ml
D. 48.18 ml
E. 49.96 ml

14- A glass thermometer using a thin column of ethyl alcohol at room temperature (293.0 K)
is cooled. When the temperature reaches 273.0 K the column of alcohol is 15.50 cm
high. How tall was it when the temperature was 293.0 K? The coefficient of volume
expansion of mercury is 1120 x 10-6 K-1.
A. 15.85 cm
B. 15.86 cm
C. Cannot answer without knowing the diameter of the column
D. 15.62 cm

15- What happens to a given mass of water as it is cooled from 4C to zero?
 A. Expands
B. Contracts
C. Vaporizes
D. Neither expands, contracts, or vaporizes

16- Which best expresses the value for the coefficient of volume expansion, , for given
material as a function of its corresponding coefficient of linear expansion, ?
A. β = α3
B. β = 3α
C. β = α2
D. β = 2α

17- A pipe of length 10.0 m increases in length by 1.5 cm when its temperature is increased
by 90F. What is its coefficient of linear expansion?
6
A. 30  10 /C
B. 17  106/C
C. 13  106/C
6
D. 23  10 /C

18- The coefficient of area expansion is:

A. Half the coefficient of volume expansion

B. Three halves the coefficient of volume expansion.
C. Double the coefficient of linear expansion.
D. Triple the coefficient of linear expansion.

19- As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 0.100%. What is the change of the
temperature of the wire? (Cu = 16.6  106/C)
A. 120.4C
B. 60.2C
C. 30.1C
D. 6.0C

20- At 20C an aluminum ring has an inner diameter of 5.000 cm, and a brass rod has a
diameter of 5.050 cm. Keeping the brass rod at 20C, which of the following
temperatures of the ring will allow the ring to just slip over the brass rod? (Al = 2.4 
105 /C, brass = 1.9  105/C)
A. 111C
B. 236C
C. 384C
D. 437C