Questions

Q1.

The passage describes human reproduction.

Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each blank space.
(10)
During sexual intercourse the male's ............................................................................................... is inserted into the
vagina. The male gametes, known as ............................................................................................... , are released from
the male urethra into the vagina. The male gametes carry on swimming until one meets a female gamete, known as
the ............................................................................................... . This process is fertilisation and takes place in a tube
called the ............................................................................................... .

The fertilised female gamete, also known as the ............................................................................................... , moves

down this tube. It undergoes the type of cell division
called ............................................................................................... and is now known as
an ............................................................................................... . This structure may then become implanted in the
wall of the ............................................................................................... .

The number of chromosomes in the fertilised female gamete

is ............................................................................................... the number found in the unfertilised gamete and is
known as the ............................................................................................... number.

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q2.

The drawing shows a fetus developing in the uterus of a woman.

(a) (i) What is the function of part A?

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) What is the function of part B?

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) The umbilical cord transports small protein molecules from the mother to the fetus. These molecules help to
provide immunity.
Name these small protein molecules.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Scientists can take cells from part A and use them to find out if the fetus has a genetic condition.

(i) How many chromosomes would the scientists find in a normal body cell from a fetus?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Complete the table by ticking the box that shows the correct sex chromosomes the scientists would find in a
body cell from a male fetus.
(1)
(c) The table shows the suggested daily intake of various components needed in the diet of a pregnant and a non-
pregnant woman.

(i) Name two components in the table that are important for the development of bones in the fetus of the
pregnant woman.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest two reasons why a pregnant woman needs more energy than a non-pregnant woman.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest why the daily intake of iron is higher for a pregnant woman than a non-pregnant woman.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q3.

The diagram shows a human fetus developing in the uterus.

(a) Describe the function of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The placenta functions as an organ of exchange.

(i) Name two substances, required by the fetus, that move from the mother's blood into the blood of the fetus.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name two waste substances that move from the blood of the fetus into the mother's blood.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(c) Use information from the diagram to help explain how the placenta is adapted for the efficient exchange of
substances.
 (3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q4.

The diagram shows the structure of the female reproductive organs.

(a) Name the structures labelled in the diagram.

(4)
P ..........................................................................................................................................

Q ..........................................................................................................................................

R ..........................................................................................................................................
S ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) The graph shows changes in the hormones oestrogen and progesterone during a woman's menstrual cycle.

On the graph indicate using

(i) a letter O, the day when ovulation is most likely to occur.
(1)
(ii) a letter M, the day when menstruation is likely to start.
(1)
(iii) Describe the changes that take place in structure R during the menstrual cycle.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Some women only have sexual intercourse at certain times of their menstrual cycle in order to avoid pregnancy.
Explain why this may not be a reliable method of birth control.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Describe the role of oestrogen at puberty.

(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q5.

The diagram shows part of the female reproductive system.

(a) (i) Put an X on the diagram to show the site where fertilisation normally occurs.
(1)
(ii) Name the structures labelled A, B and C.
(3)
A ..........................................................................................................................................

B ..........................................................................................................................................

C ..........................................................................................................................................
(iii) Structure D has two different functions in reproduction.
Describe these two functions.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Structure B produces a hormone that changes the female body at puberty.
(i) Name this hormone.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe the effects of this hormone on the body at puberty.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q6.

For a woman to become pregnant, a sperm must fertilise one of her eggs. At the time
the egg is released, the body temperature rises slightly.

A woman wanted to become pregnant. She measured her body temperature each day
for 28 days, starting on the first day of her menstrual cycle.

The chart she kept is shown below.

(a) (i) What was the total number of days that the body temperature of the woman
was below 37.0 °C?
 (1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) On which day was an egg probably released from her ovary?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest how the woman could accurately determine her body temperature.
(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(b) During the 28 days the ovary of the woman released two different hormones, A and B.
The table shows some of the roles of these hormones.

(i) Name hormone A.

(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name hormone B.

(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) How do these hormones travel from the ovary to the uterus?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(iv) Give two female secondary sexual characteristics.

(2)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q7.

The diagrams show the female and male reproductive systems.

The table lists some events that take place in the female reproductive system, some that
take place in the male reproductive system, and some that take place in both.

Complete the table by giving the letter, or letters, to indicate where each event takes place.
The first one has been done for you.
(5)
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q8.

The diagram shows the female reproductive system.

(a) Put a cross in the correct box to show

(i) where the egg is released
(1)
A

(ii) where the egg is fertilised

(1)
A

(iii) where the embryo becomes surrounded by amniotic fluid

(1)
A

(b) The diagram shows a fertilised egg dividing into an embryo.

 (i) What is another name used to describe a fertilised egg?
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name the type of cell division used to produce the embryo.
(1)
..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Complete the table by ticking the box that shows the correct description of
each cell in the embryo.
(1)

(c) Describe how the developing embryo is supplied with nutrients.

(3)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
 Total 9 marks

Q4.
 (Total for question = 14 marks)

Q5.
Q6.

Q7.
Q8.