EVIDENCE 1

Main
Historical Characteris
Event Economy Politics Society Ideology tics Dates

Advocated
Emphasis
Transition to a for limited Enlightenment Intellectual
on reason, Late 17th
The more liberal government ideas of movement,
tolerance, to late 18th
Enlightenment economic and reason and questioning
and centuries
mindset individual progress of authority
education
rights

Radical
Social
political
Transition upheaval,
Economic Republicanism change,
The French from class
turmoil, rise of , democracy, Reign of 1789-1799
Revolution monarchy to tensions,
radical ideas and equality Terror,
republic and
Napoleonic
violence
era

Declaration
Colonial Establishme Formation of
Independence Enlightenment
economy to nt of a of a Independe July 4,
Day of the liberalism and
agrarian and democratic diverse nce, 1776
United States republicanism
industrial republic society Revolution
ary War

Leadership
Economic
Latin Push for Social of figures Late 18th
grievances Enlightenment
American independen diversity, like Simón to early
against ideals and
Independence ce from class Bolívar and 19th
Spanish nationalism
Movement 1 Spanish rule divisions José de centuries
colonial rule
San Martín
 Bolívar's
Economic Struggle for Nationalism
Latin Social Gran
aspirations autonomy and
American inequality, Colombia Early 19th
and from indigenous
Independence indigenou and other century
opposition to colonial rights
Movement 2 s rights independen
colonial rule powers movements
ce efforts

● POINT 2

Historical Event Positive Consequences Negative Consequences

- Promotion of reason and

critical thinking.
- Advancement of scientific
and philosophical thought.
- Advocacy for individual
The Enlightenment
rights and freedoms.
- Intellectual foundation for
later political revolutions.
- Emphasis on education and
knowledge dissemination.
- Resistance from
established authorities.
- Controversy and opposition
from religious institutions.
- Variability in the extent of
Enlightenment influence
across different regions.
- Social and political turmoil
in some cases.

- End of absolute monarchy - Reign of Terror and political

and the rise of republicanism. violence.

- Promotion of democratic - Economic hardships and

ideals and human rights. food shortages.

The French - Abolition of feudal privileges - Wars with other European

Revolution and aristocratic dominance. powers.

- Establishment of a more - Rise of radical factions and

secular state. internal conflicts.
- The spread of revolutionary
ideals across Europe. - Napoleon's rise to power
and the Napoleonic Wars.
 - Birth of a democratic
republic and a unique
experiment in
- Ongoing struggles with
self-governance.
issues like slavery and
indigenous rights.
- Inspiration for other
Independence Day independence movements
- Initial conflicts with
of the United worldwide.
indigenous populations.
States
- Formation of a government
- Political and economic
based on Enlightenment
challenges during the early
principles.
republic.
- Preservation of individual
rights and freedoms.

- End of Spanish colonial rule

and the emergence of
- Post-independence power
independent nations.
struggles and conflicts.
- Promotion of national
- Economic disparities and
identities and
Latin American social inequalities.
self-determination
Independence
Movement 1 - Dependence on foreign
- Legacy of revolutionary
powers and debt.
leaders like Simón Bolívar.
- Challenges in establishing
- Influence of Enlightenment
stable governments.
ideas on Latin American
governance.

- Further progress towards

Latin American
independence. - Continued regional conflicts
and instability.
- Strengthening of
nationalistic and indigenous - Economic challenges and
Latin American movements. foreign intervention.
Independence
Movement 2 - Paving the way for the - Complexities in defining
dissolution of colonial post-independence borders.
empires.
- Ongoing social and political
- Shaping the modern cultural struggles.
and political landscape of
Latin America.
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Encyclopedia Britannica.

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merica

France and the American Revolution. (s. f.). Museum of the American Revolution.

https://www.amrevmuseum.org/france-and-the-american-revolution

What is the enlightenment and how did it transform politics? (s. f.). World101 from

the Council on Foreign Relations.

https://world101.cfr.org/contemporary-history/prelude-global-era/what-enlighte

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Independence from Spanish rule in South America (ArTicle) | Khan Academy. (s. f.).

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