-pouring the alcohol on gunpowder

-if it’s 50% the gunpowder burns

-if it’s less concentrated, the remaining water content presents the burning
-bioavailability
-how much alcohol is freely available to enter the brain from the blood
-ethyl alcohol readily mixes with water and isn’t high in lipid solubility
-easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and diffuses throughout the body
-behavioral effects are described on the basis of blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
-not amount ingested
-takes a BAC of 0.04% (40mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood) to produce measurable
behavioral effects
-absorption will occur from the GI tract
-10% from the stomach and 90% from the small intestine
-molecules move by passive diffusion
-higher concentration in GI tract to lower concentration of the blood
-the more alcohol you drink in a short period of time means more rapid movement from
the stomach and intestine to the blood, producing a higher blood level
-presence of food in stomach slows absorption
-delays movement into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter
-muscle that regulates movement of stuff from stomach to intestine
-milk is really effective in delaying absorption alcohol
-carbonated beverages quicken the absorption of alcohol
-the carbonation speeds the movement of materials from the stomach to
the intestines
-gender differences in the absorption of alcohol
-certain enzymes that are present in gastric fluid are about 60% more active in men than
women
-leaves a higher concentration of alcohol to be absorbed more rapidly in women
-taking aspirin inhibits gastric alcohol dehydrogenase
-to a greater extent in women than men
-cuz women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase to begin with
-ulcer medications also impair gastric metabolism
-increases alcohol concentrations and increases absorption
-once alcohol is in the blood it freely moves via passive diffusion to tissue and other fluid
compartments
-more effective in women too because they have less volume of fluid due to size
-have a higher fat-to-water ratio too
-of the alcohol that reaches the general circulation, ~95% is metabolized by the liver before it’s
excreted as carbon dioxide and water in urine
-remaining 5% is excreted by the lungs
-rate of oxidation is constant over time and doesn’t occur more quickly when the drug is more
concentrated in the blood
-this makes it different from other drugs
-if rate of consumption is faster than rate of metabolism, alcohol accumulates and the
person becomes more intoxicated
-enzymes in the liver
-alcohol dehydrogenase
-found in the stomach
-reduces amount of available alcohol for absorption
-converts alcohol to acetaldehyde
-modified to acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
 -to form acetic acid
-further oxidation yields carbon dioxide, water and energy
-ALDH exists in many forms
-10% Asians have genes that code only for inactive form of the enzyme
-drinking alcohol produces high levels of acetaldehyde
-cau