Disciplines and Ideas

in the Applied Social

Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Clientele and Audiences in
Counseling
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Clientele and Audiences in Counseling

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Disciplines and Ideas
in the Applied Social
Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Clientele and Audiences in
Counseling
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Senior High School Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social
Sciences of Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-11:
Clientele and Audiences in Counseling.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource material hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the materials in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning experience. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Clientele and Audiences in Counseling.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict a skill, an action, and a purpose. Through our hands, we learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you, as a
learner, are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning. You will be enabled to process the contents of
the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to fill to process what
you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lessons. This also lends retention of
concepts learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Discipline and Ideas on Applied Social Sciences is a response to the call of

the Department of Education (DepEd) to meet the learning objectives in the “new
normal” way of life while ensuring health and safety of students for the School Year
2020-2021. The lessons and activities in this module are aligned with the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) from the curriculum guide intended for
this subject.

This module presents the Clientele and Audiences in Counseling. It

focuses on the characteristics and needs of various types of clientele and audiences
as an Individual, Groups and Organizations, and Communities.

The contents of this module are essential for counselors who have the
dedication to better understand their clients and audiences. The words have been
carefully chosen for easier learning while maintaining quality lessons to meet the
objectives.

After going through this module, the learners are expected to:
a. identify the major clientele and audiences of counseling,
b. explain how to address the needs of various types of clientele and
audiences of counseling, and
c. appreciate how counselors manage various types of clientele and
audiences of counseling.

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 What I Know

Directions: Identify some individuals who are possible clients of a counselor. Then
explain briefly why they need counseling.

Clientele of counselor Reasons why they need counseling

Example: People who abuse To help them control their addiction and
drugs. improve their social and family relationship.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Lesson
Clientele and Audiences in
4 Counseling

Competent counselors need to consider the

appropriate therapy for each type of
clientele and audiences. Clientele and
audiences of counseling have individual
differences, in the same way that the
nature of their problem, their willingness to
cooperate, their responses to the counselor’s
approach, and phases of improvement in every
counseling session are not on the same level.

Clientele and audiences of counseling are individuals or group of people that

seek assistance for self-realization, change in behavior and attitude, or just simply
need guidance because they are experiencing stress, worries, anxieties,
frustrations, and conflicts.

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 What’s In

DepEd Order No.19 s.2016 states that the ratio of a guidance

counselor for every 500 students is 1:500 in secondary schools.
Unfortunately, the number of our mental health professionals is very few to
handle bulk cases that arise nowadays.
Republic Act 11036 or the National Mental Health Policy supports the
need for mental health of employees in the workplace. Employees are
exposed to stressors and burn outs every day that they need to be given
attention.
Meanwhile, Republic Act 11469, otherwise known as the Bayanihan To
Heal as One Act declares the existence of a national emergency due to
COVID-19 pandemic. The law recognizes the need to promote and protect
the collective interest of all Filipinos in these challenging times when the
novel corona virus has affected the whole country. Some companies were
forced to close and declared bankruptcy. Unemployment has risen and
COVID-19 positive cases continue to pile up every day.

As the government is doing everything to stop the virus and busy

extending much needed support to badly affected Filipinos, everyone’s
participation is also expected. Every responsible citizen must follow the
minimum health standards to avoid spreading and catching COVID-19.

Relatively, mental health professionals’ help can be sought for our

emotional concerns as they are competent to handle them. Let us
understand that “it’s ok not to be ok.” Because COVID-19 is not the only
factor that can affect our well-being, it is advised that other forms of
violence, rejection, displacement, loss of loved ones, and the like should be
watched out too before they become unmanageable.

Clientele and audiences are those who need guidance services. They
can be individuals or group with different natures and backgrounds. This
module will help us understand the clientele and audiences of counseling
and the right approach needed to handle and manage their issues and
concerns.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in
guiding the learners.

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 What’s New

A. HOW ARE YOU TODAY?

Draw your face in the circle to show what you are feeling today. Be creative
by putting colors or accessories to it. Use a separate sheet of paper for this.

I am feeling_______________________.

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 B. THE BUCKET LIST

Feel free to write as many words or phrases as you can in the buckets below to fill up
or clear out the feeling you have now as indicated in Activity A. Use a separate sheet of
paper for this.

The Bucket Fillers The Bucket Dippers

What fills up your feelings today? What clears out your feelings today?

Questions for Reflection

1. What contributes to your feeling today?
2. Who are the significant persons that influence your feeling now?
3. What are your realizations from this activity?

What is It

Who are the clientele and audiences of counseling?

People who abuse drugs

Drug abuse has been a major source of society’s problem for many years.
No age and profession are susceptible from this abuse. This is despite the
government’s anti-drug program like the highly criticized Tokhang and wide
information drive to combat this perennial problem. Most of the time, people who
fall victims to illegal substances do not seek help until it is too late to manage as it
has already damaged their brain. However, early management and intervention by
counselors can help them control their impulse and behavior to win over drugs.

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People who abuse alcohol

Relationships, work, finances, and even physical health are at risk whenever
a person is into alcohol abuse. In Filipino culture, alcohol is present in almost
every occasion. This could be the reason why we do not see it as a social problem;
however, an alarming number of the population has become abusive. Sometimes
they would just say “para ma-relax”, “pakikisama” and “konti lang naman” until
another problem arises such as troubles, accidents, and even crimes. Counselors
will guide them in self-realization and direct their goals using different approaches.

People who abuse tobacco

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), tobacco products

contain the addictive drug nicotine and many other toxic chemicals. The use of
tobacco, in any form, can lead to addiction, significant morbidity, and premature
death. In relation to mental health, AAP also stated that nicotine dependence is
more common among adults with mental health disorders such as schizophrenia
and depression. Likewise, tobacco use may be a sign for mental health problems
such as depression and anxiety disorders to the young adults.
This abuse is also recognized as the gateway to drug abuse. The article also
mentioned that teenagers who smoke are three times more likely to use alcohol
than nonsmokers, eight times more likely to use marijuana, and 22 times more
likely to use cocaine.
Counselors can offer programs to help chronic smokers where they may
invoke family support for a change in behavior or to prevent the youth from
smoking.

People Living with HIV (PLHIV)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes Acquired Immune

Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which is one of the most dreaded diseases in modern
times. According to the website HIV.gov, approximately 38 million people are
currently living with HIV or AIDS.
Although HIV has no cure yet, it can be treated, and the victim can live a
normal life. However, it does not only affect the health of individuals but also
impacts family relationship, societal acceptance, status, and self-worth of the
person infected with virus. Worse, the stigma and discrimination experienced by
the victim can be unbearable. That is why, counselors should give support to the
emotional well-being of the PLHIV and their family.

Women

Women in our society are empowered in terms of skills and employment;

however, there are still some who experience abuses even from the hands of their
partners, families, and communities. These women need guidance on self-value,
appreciation of their abilities and potentials, improvement of their interests and
skills.

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Older Adults
Elderly people regress not only physically but also emotionally and mentally.
They become easily irritated, emotionally sensitive, financially insecure, and
anxious.
Counselors are challenged to help and reach out to this valued sector. They
should not be deprived of attention for their contribution to our society.

LGBTQIA+ Community
The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Pansexual, Transgender, Genderqueer, Queer,
Intersexed, Agender, Asexual, and Ally (LGBTQIA+) community is growing. They
are, in fact, some of the most talented and empowered sectors in our society. They
are given opportunities to express themselves and to be recognized of their skills
and abilities. Sadly, some still experience discrimination and inequality. Some
find difficulty in their own identification, acceptance in the family, pressure at
work, and relationship problems.
Counselors must use affirmative counseling to help this sector.

Victims of Abuse
Domestic violence is usually associated with women and their children.
Incidentally, these victims are also exposed to other abuses brought about by
prohibited drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. They are considered as one of the most
vulnerable sectors in our society.
Counselors facilitate restoration and recovery of victims.

THREE (3) SETS OF CLIENTS

The Individual as Client of Counseling

This is the most common type of client. This client finds it difficult to deal
with problems such as frustration, dilemma, grief and loss, and other negative
thoughts that make them feel weak, unworthy, and hopeless.

The Group and Organization as Client of Counseling

Group counseling happens whenever individuals have almost similar source

of problems such as conflict management, mental health in workplace and school.

The Community as Client of Counseling

Community as client of counseling happens whenever a group of people

collectively experiences tragedies such as typhoon, earthquake, floods, volcanic
eruption, war, and other calamities. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is done by
professionals in affected regions.

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 What’s More

Directions: Choose a group of clienteles of counseling discussed above. Indicate

it in a box below. Write the reasons why it needs counseling in cloud
callouts.

Processing questions:

1. Describe the client you have in mind.

2. What do you experience in trying to find out the reasons why the client
needs counseling?
3. What must the counselor do to help the client objectively?
4. What are your realizations in doing this activity?

What I Have Learned

True or False. Study the statements below. Write TRUE if the statement is correct;
FALSE if it is not. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

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 1. Drug abuse is a perennial problem in the society right now.
2. People who abuse drugs usually deny their addiction in front of
professionals they have sought for help.
3. Relationship and finances are also at risk when a person abuses
alcohol.
4. In Filipino culture, we do not consider abuse of alcohol as a problem
because it is always present in many of our occasions.
5. Nicotine dependence is common to young adults.
6. Tobacco abuse is a gateway to drugs.
7. The family can convince their members to quit smoking.
8. PLHIV experiences discrimination and rejection.
9. Domestic violence is the easiest case to handle among clientele.
10. Gay men are happy, so they do not need counseling.

What I Can Do

Directions: Read and understand the counseling script below; then answer the
questions that follow. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
Counselor: Hi Andy, this is our second session. How are you feeling
today?
Client: I’m good. I attended party with friends over the weekend. I
enjoyed their company and we did many things.
Counselor: That’s great! It’s good to know that you enjoyed the weekend
with your friends. Who are these friends? Did you mention them to me in
the last session?
Client: Yeah… They were the ones who asked me to try the substance.
Counselor: So, they were the ones who asked you to try drug for the first
time. Did you use it again? If you did, what drug did you use?
Client: Yes. Marijuana. I couldn’t resist when they offered it to me
because they might reject me and cast me out from the party.
Counselor: You did not resist because you are afraid to be rejected as
their friend?
Client: Uhm, I think they didn’t treat me as a friend. They just wanted
someone to laugh at and they invited me just to make fun of me.
Counselor: They invited you just to make fun of you. How do you say so?
Processing Questions:
1. Why did the client see a counselor?
2. How did the counselor handle the conversation?
3. What are your realizations after reading the counseling script?

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Study the questions and their choices below. Write the letters of
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which is the most common type of counseling?
a. Community Counseling c. Individual Counseling
b. Group counseling d. Multi-cultural Counseling
2. Which of the following is NOT a misconception about counseling?
a. Counseling is listening. c. Counseling is advice giving.
b. Counseling is problem solving. d. Counseling teaches you what to
do.
3. Which of the following is NOT an example of clientele as group?
a. Grade 11 students from ABM class c. Medical frontliners
b. Call center employees d. Typhoon victims in a barangay
4. Which of the following conducts stress debriefing?
a. a guidance counselor c. any professionals
b. a barangay councilor d. a teacher trained for classroom
management
5. Which of the following should be used in counseling a member of an LGBTQIA+
community?
a. Affirmative counseling c. Gay-lingo counseling
b. Psychoanalytic counseling d. Eclectic Counseling

Additional
Activities
What do I want to talk about?
Directions: Copy the activity in a separate sheet of paper. Pay attention to the
words written in different shapes inside the circle. Then color the shapes that you
want to talk about with your counselor and write a brief explanation about it.

feelings
My anger

school
friend
s
bullies
Something else

school Worries
and fear

My
community

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11
Assessment What I have
1. C learned
2. A 1. TRUE
3. D 2. TRUE
4. A 3. TRUE
5. A 4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. FALSE
10. FALSE
Answer Key
References
Books
Abadingo, Lourdes Espinoza. (2018). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied
Social Sciences for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines, C&E
Publishing, Inc.

Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., et al (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied
Social Sciences. Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Websites
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/5/e1045#:~:text=Tobacco%20products%2
0contain%20the%20addictive,significant%20morbidity%2C%20and%20premature%20death.

https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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