NAME: __________________________________

GRADE, SECTION, AND STRAND _____________________

This module is good for 1 WEEK.

Deadline of submission is on September 13, 2021.

SAINT PATRICK’S ACADEMY, INC.

Paltic, Dingalan, Aurora

Personal
Development
First Quarter SY 2021-2022

Lesson I
Knowing
Oneself:
Understanding Oneself During
Middle and Late Adolescent
 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
LESSON 1: KNOWING ONESELF

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to this course, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, or PERDEV for short. Personal development
starts with knowing oneself. Before you start to build and improve your relationships with other people and
before you can identify and set your career and life goals, you should know yourself first. This lesson will help
you understand more about yourself and start your way to personal development.

This is a very interesting course, and can become the most personally rewarding for you, because the
subject matter for this course is YOU! As a new senior high school student, you have now entered a new
educational level, as well as a new psychological and social level, called the middle and late adolescence. You
may feel that you are no longer the rapidly growing and awkward teenager, but you also feel you are not quite
ready to call yourself a mature adult either. This course shall make you take a deeper look at yourself and
analyze your developmental changes, your skills and traits which can help you meet the various tasks that you
must undertake at this point in your life. It shall provide you with some techniques to meet stress and other
mental health issues with one’s strengths and coping powers. The course shall also give you the chance to
analyze your relationships with your family, friends and significant others. Finally, the PERDEV course shall
help you take stock of where you are in your career development and how to get to where you want to be.

CONTENT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

At the end of this lesson, the learners The learners will submit and present a
shall demonstrate an understanding of road map that shows a simple self-
himself/herself during middle and late disclosure and understanding.
adolescence.

ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Understand that by having careful reflections on
How can knowing oneself makes
how we see ourselves as an individual and
someone a better person? understanding our characteristics help us know
ourselves better.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of this lesson, the learners shall be able to conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Explain that knowing yourself can make you accept your strengths and limitations and
dealing with others better;
2. Share your unique characteristics, habits and experiences; and,

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 EXPLORE

PRE-ASSESSMENT
SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY

Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory in your journal. Give yourself a
rating using the scale: 0 = very weak; 1 = weak; 2 = somewhat weak or somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong

Scoring: Write your score opposite each number and get the subtotal.

___1. I have strong sex appeal. ___13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
___2. I am proud of my physical figure. ___14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
___3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome. ___15. I have integrity and good reputation.
___4. I exude with charm and poise. ___16. My friends can look up to me as a model.
___5. I am easy to get along with. ___17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
___6. I can adjust to different people and different situations. ___18. I talk in a persuasive manner.
___7. I am approachable; other people are comfortable with me. ___19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
___8. I am lovable and easy to love. ___20. I am a good listener.
___9. I am a fast learner, can understand with one instruction. ___21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled
___10. I am intelligent. ___22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
___11. I have special talents and abilities. ___23. I feel and act with confidence.
___12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments. ___24. I am a mature person.

Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence

1 __________ 5__________ 9 __________
2 __________ 6 __________ 10__________
3 __________ 7 __________ 11 __________
4 __________ 8 __________ 12 __________

Subtotal: _______ Subtotal: _________ Subtotal: _________

Character Communications Maturity
3 __________ 17__________ 21 __________
14__________ 18 __________ 22 __________
15__________ 19 __________ 23 __________
16__________ 20 __________ 24 __________

Subtotal: __________ Subtotal: __________ Subtotal: __________

DISCUSSION: How do you perceive yourself?

Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following questions.
1. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness but other people consider as your
strength? What are these?

2. How realistic is your self- image?

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 FIRM-UP

SELF-DEVELOPMENT
As an adolescent you may indeed agree with
me if I say that it is during this year that you find
most important to know ourselves deeper. You most
of the time find yourself asking what do you really
want or why do you really like doing these things or
being with these people.

You may find it queer that you are starting to

ask several questions in your mind but you’ve got to
understand that you are not the only person who
experienced it. Most of the people have at some
points of their lives have encountered themselves
beginning to be more inquisitive about what or why do they want do the same things they love to do or
be with the people whom they find themselves comfortable with. Now that you are in your middle or
late adolescence, we can say that you may have discovered changes in your life, or in your behavior or
attitude that makes you eager to understand why.

The clear answer is you are beginning to study yourself better which is part of Self-Development.
Self-development means is taking steps to better yourself, such as by learning new skills or overcoming
bad habits. It also means efforts toward self-fulfillment, either through formal study programs or on
one's own. We also call this personal development.

On the other hand, examining yourself, most specifically how you react on things, your belief
traits, and values is one of the most complicated things to do in the world. You have to understand that
it has to go on a process and not just a simple homework to be done.

This lesson will be of great help for you to rediscover yourself better. Let us start by knowing
some concepts of understanding one self.

KNOW THYSELF
“An unexamined life is not worth living”, this is one of the famous lines once uttered by one of
the greatest philosophers of Ancient Greek in the person of Socrates. Know Thyself is an old maxim
or aphorism which in time has been used in varied literature and
consequently gained different meanings. One meaning is
transcribed in The Suda.

“The Suda” is the encyclopedia of Greek knowledge in the

10th century claiming that know thyself is applied to those whose
boasts exceed what they are and that it is a reminder for an
individual not to attend to the opinion of others.

In later years Thomas Hobbes discussed his own views

about the maxim from which he used the phrase “read thyself” in
his famous work The Leviathan. He stressed that an individual can
learn more by studying others and that he/she can do this by
engaging himself/herself to reading book. However, Hobbes
emphasized that a person learns more by studying oneself.

Socrates He further elaborates his views about know thyself from

which he states that a man who look into himself/herself and
consider contemplating on what he/she did or what he/she think, reason, hope and fear of etc. and

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to what grounds he/she feels all these can consequently learn how to read and learn others’ thoughts
and passions in similar occasions.

Thus, this statement leads us to the realization that knowing oneself is the open door that
leads us to knowing others better.

Other authors of other materials believe that know thyself is a moral epistemological
injunction. This suggests that the philosophy is the acquiring the skills of way of questioning or
challenging the person to gain careful understanding of oneself. It is a form of self-concern.

SELF-CONCEPT
Self-concept is the totality of our beliefs, preferences, opinions and attitudes organized in a
systematic manner, toward our personal existence. (Sincero, 2019).

This theory began as Rene Descartes, the Father of Modern Philosophy, proposed his theory
that a person’s existence depends on his/her perception. Rene Descartes states that mind is the seat
of consciousness. (Whittemore, 2019).

This means that it is in the mind that we know everything about ourselves like our identify,
passion, interest, feelings, intellect thus everything that we are comes from the mind.

Self-concept theory has a lot of suppositions regarding how people learn to judge themselves.
Among these Sincero named three aspects such as:

Self-concept is learned. This explains that no individual is

born with self-concept. A person will soon develop this as
he/she grow old. This means that self-concept can only be
acquired as soon as the person learns how to mingle with
others and so this indicates that self-concept is influenced by
the person’s environment and can be a product of the
person’s socialization.

Self-concept is organized. This stresses out that one’s

perception towards himself/herself is firm. This means that
a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding
himself/herself but will keep on believing that what he/she
thinks of himself/herself is always the right one. Change
however, on one’s perceptions towards himself/herself may also be possible but it takes time.

Self-concept is dynamic. As an individual grew older, he/she continue encounter problems or

challenges that may be reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation. A person will
definitely respond to the scenario based on his/her own insights and how he/she perceive
himself/herself in the situation. Thus, self-concept undergoes development as person goes through
different experiences.

Aside from the philosophers above, Sigmund Freud who is a well-known psychologist,
neurologist and the creator of psychoanalysis, proposed that there are three layers within us such as
id, ego and superego that certainly play a vital role of how we think of ourselves. Let’s tackle them
one at a time. (Whittemore, 2019)

The Id. Freud explains that it is the seat of every man’s desire and want for it is driven by
pleasure principle. This is also the first part to develop for it is present from birth. Perhaps, you have
notice than an infant will cry if he/she wants to be fed to satisfy his/her hunger. The infant would
not give any reason why he/she wants food nor think if it’s already time to be fed. You may have
noticed also that babies do grab things and would want to get things on their hands not minding if it
hurts nor if it is important or not. All he/she wants is to get it for he/she wants to have it. This is the

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nature of Id; however, this instinct is controlled by the ego and superego as these aspects are
developed in man’s life.

The Ego. This aspect operates according to

reality which make it possible for the Id to work in a
more proper and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a
more socially accepted means of getting the desires
and wants of a person. Ego will provide the person
guidelines on how to behave appropriately while the
person fulfilled his/her pleasure. (Cherry, 2019).

This component of our personality takes place

whenever we know within ourselves that though we
have satisfied our cravings for food or anything we
desire to have we certainly process it in our minds that
we must do this by making our ways pleasant for
others acceptance.

The Superego. This is the last component of personality which holds our moral judgments or
concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment.
Freud believes that superego begin to manifest as a child turns 5. (Cherry, 2019).

This personality is developed as we learn the culture of distinguishing right from wrong based
on the set of guidelines and standards that are known to us which may probably imposed to us by
our parents, teachers of elders or the community we belong too itself. Therefore, superego works in
our lives in order to put directions in our way of living so that we may not be able to hurt others as
others would do the same towards us.

DEEPEN

Knowing Oneself is quite an easy task but it requires a lot of self-assessment and some “me” time in
order to be very much adept with how one must analyze his/her way of behaving, interacting and
living his/her life with other people in his/her community.
In this part of this module, you are to do the following things to enable yourself gained skills
of knowing yourself deeply.
Learning the Skill: Reading and Viewing Activities
1. Read the essay of Jeremy Divinity entitled: “Know Thyself: A Short Essay on The Importance
of Knowing” in this link, https://medium.com/@jeremydivinity/know-thyself-a-short-essay-
on-the-importance-of-knowing-4f9a92255236
2. After reading the essay, answer the following question below.

A. What do you think is the importance/significance of having skills of knowing yourself

better?

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 TRANSFER

Briefly discuss the principles/concepts of the famous philosophers.

1. “Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom. Mastering others is strength;
mastering yourself is true power.” - Lao Tzu
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2. “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.” - Aristotle

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Parent’s/ Guardian’s Signature Over Printed Name