NLSI Lui Kwok Pat Fong College

F.4 Mathematics Name: ___________________

Ch. 12 Circles and Tangents Class: 4 Class No: ( )

(12.1) Relations between Circles and Polygons

Circumscribed circles and inscribed circles

I. Circumscribed circle

A circumscribed circle (or circumcircle) of a polygon is a circle passing through

all the vertices of the polygon.

O
o o
o
O o ˇ
o
Points lying on the same circle are called concyclic points. A, B and C are
concyclic points. Similarly, P, Q, R and S are also concyclic points.

II. Inscribed circles

An inscribed circle of a polygon is a circle that touches each side of a polygon.

0 0

0
壄
f
⼀
⼀些

1
(12.2) Cyclic quadrilaterals

Theorem 18: [opp. s, cyclic quad.] B

⼀
⼀
If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, then A
A + C = 180 C
B + D = 180
⼆
⼀
D

Theorem 19: [ext. , cyclic quad.]

2 A b xtn 1800
1D
If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, then
x = y.
x atyngǒ
iy
i
y

i B
ˋ C

Ex. 1
In the figure, chords AD and BE intersect at F . AE = ED . Find x .

ÁE ED ⼆LADE LDBElmcsprop.to l.at 比1

1 1 300 LDBE
LDBE 30 不
LDAD 1800 300 300 460 740 州
kmn of ⼭
1800
740 opp Ls cyclic quad
⼆

1060

Ex. 2
In the figure, A, B, C and D are points on the circle. ADF and EDC are
straight lines. AB = AD , AE / / BD , AED = 54 and CDF = 76 . Find
x and y .

LDAE claH.ls.AE lBD ji

LADE 760 vert opp Ls
500
n 1800 540 760 50 L sum of 4
LABD ㄨ 500 base Ls isos.co
⼆760 ext L
cyclic quad
5city
260
y 2
 Classwork
Cw. 1 (Ex. 12A 2)

In the figure, AB = AD and ABD = 37 . Find x and y .

In囖
⼈ AD ⼆AB
lqunlans equal chords ⼼
x 1800 370 370 1v60 L sum of 0
1800 Ls cyckqnndl
xty opp
740
y

Cw. 2 (Ex. 12A 4)

In the figure, EAB is a straight line. If BOC = 150 , find EAC .

reflex LBOC 3600 1500 2100 Ls at a

pt
reflex LB0
2100
⼆
2LCAB
2 LCAB
L at centre 2 t.at 沙
Ǚi 0
LIAB ⼆ 1050
0
LEAL 1800 105 750 adj Is on st line

Cw. 3 (Ex. 12A 9)

In the figure, DA = DB , ADB = 28 and CBD = 32 . Find x .

DA DB given
i LDABTLDBA base Ls isos.co
Oi Ǘ
LDAB ⼆ LDBA ⼆ 760 80_ sum of o
⼆
⼆

Drm CD
LAB Ct LCDA 1800
opp.li yliiqnndj in
764324284LBDL 1800

LBDC 440
⼆ LBD Ls in the same segment
3

440
(12.3) Test for Concyclic Points
Theorem 20: [opp. s, supp] B

If A + C = 180 or B + D = 180 , A
then A , B , C , D are concyclic. C

D
Theorem 21: [ext. = int. opp. ]
A
D
If x = y , x
then A , B , C , D are concyclic.
y
C
B

Theorem 22: [converse of s in the same segment]

P Q

If x = y , x y
then A , B , Q , P are concyclic.

A B

Ex. 1
In each of the following figures, determine whether points A, B, C, D are
concyclic.
TBAD
(a) AB = AD lgi.e i.LA 300
BDELADB base Ls
LADD⼆LBDC ilalt.GR台省
i L BA 1800 900 300 300 300
L sun of
啱 0
YLBACLBDC
ABCD are wny.lk
(b) BCE is a straight line. converse of Ls in the same segment

LADF 1800 980 45 390

of D Lsmn
L BAD 390 it Ls ABHFD
ii
r390 YLBADELDCE 390
A B C D are concyclic
ext L int opp L

4
 Ex. 2
In the figure, diameter AC bisects chord BD at N . BA is produced to M
such that MD / / BC . ACB = 36 .

i
(a) Prove that A, N, D, and M are concyclic.

a LCBA
(b) Find MND .
⼆90 L in smi i.nl ⼀
LBMD 1800900 900 int LsBCYMD T
DN_NBlgivenl
i ACIBD linejoiningcentre andmid.pt ofchord 上 chord 540
LAND qoo
YLAMD LAND 1800
A N D Mme wnydic opp Ls smppl
b LAD ⼆900
L in semi circle
LADN 36 Ls in the same segment
⼆

L DAN ⼆180 90 360 54 IL sun of0g

LACD ⼆ 1800 900 5T 360 L sum of
LADM 1800 900 360 360 it.Ls BUMP Homework:
go Ex. 12A (p 12.12) 12, 13, 14
LANM ⼆180 Ls in the same segment Ex. 12B (p 12.20) 9, 13
LMND ⼆
90 180 720
Classwork
Deadline 4A: ______ 4B:______

Cw. 1 (Ex. 12B 3, 4)

Determine whether A, B, C and D are concyclic.
(a) DAM , ANC and BND are straight lines. NC = ND.

iiiiiii
i LNCDELNDC base Li isis.D

YLBAM ⼆ LBCD 374630 1000

i A B C D are
anydie
lext L int.opp.LI
(b) ACE is a straight line.
LACB⼆ 294360 650 吐 L of
LAB
700 i
1800 450 650
L sum of0

i YLADC ⼗ LABL 700 1100 ⼆ 1800

i AB C D are conydi5
opp Ls supp 1
 Cw. 2 (Ex. 12B 6)

i
In the figure, EBC and FCD are straight lines. AB = AD .
(a) Prove that A, B, C and D are concyclic.
(b) Find x and y .
a AD AB given1

器器 照 iiiiiiǐii ⼼
YLBAD LBLF⼆760
AB C D are anydie
nirqiuxiacnu
y 450 LBAC y 45 Ls in the same segment
(12.4) Tangents to a Circle 七 ⼆ 760 45ˇ 310

a
In

Theorem 23: [tangent ⊥ radius]

If O is the centre and AB is the tangent of the circle at T , O

then AB ⊥ OT .

Theorem 24: [converse of tangent ⊥ radius]

A i T
B

If O is the centre and A is a point on the circle

O
such that AB ⊥ OT ,
then AB is the tangent of the circle at A .

Theorem 25: [line passing through point of contact ⊥

A
⼆
S
B

tangent passes through centre]

If AB is a tangent of the circle at T and ST ⊥ AB ,

then ST passes through the centre of the circle.

A
B
T B
6
 Ex. 1
In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. M is the mid-point of chord CD .
ADE is the tangent to the circle at D . AC cuts the circle, OD and OM at
B , G and F respectively.
(a) Find x and y .
(b) Is OB perpendicular to OM ? Explain your
answer.
on.ODLAE tangent I radius
i
i.LADo⼆900
LAGD 8 900 190 L sumof⼼

4270⼆710lext.LA b MDIM given

ㄦ 440
⼈ 0Mt CD line joining centre
⼆ 24 G L at centre 2 Lutoy
LDCG
zz ytziilext.L.to L DOM 1800 900 490 L smnotfg
⼆410
y
LDo Mt 410⼗440
⼆850
tq v0
i OB is not perpendicular

ho .in
Theorem 26 : [tangent from ext. pt.]
P
O is the centre.
Two tangents, TP and TQ, are drawn from
an external point T . O T
Then 1. TP = TQ
2. TOP = TOQ
3. OTP = OTQ

Ex. 1
ABC touches AC , AB and BC at D ,
In the figure, the inscribed circle of
E and F respectively. It is given that AB = 32 cm , AC = 16 cm ,
AE = x cm and BC = (3x − 12) cm . Find the length of BC .
AD⼆A En un tangents from ext.pt n_n n_n
BEBF 32 m tangent from ext.pt
CD F 26 um Hmgenhfrom ext.pt ⼼

BC 3n 12 26 xt 32 ⼀ 26 n

3 12 58 2 ⼈
5⼈ 70
14
7
x

13 ⼆ 3 14 12 30 an
 Ex. 2
In the figure, O is the centre of the semi-circle PSQ. URP, RST and TQ touch
the semi-circle at P, S and Q respectively.
(a) Prove that PR // QT.
(b) Find x and y.

Cal LOPR ⼆ 90 tangent 上radius 可330

LOQT ⼆901tangent 上 radius
5
有
LQPR ⼗ LOQT 1800
i PRHQT int Ls supp
b LPRO 180 90 570 330 L sum of y
LPRo.LU RS 330 tangents from ext.pt
x 1800 330 330 1140 adj Is on St line
LSOR 570 tangents from ext.pt
L SoT y tangent from ext.pt
5701570tyty 1800 adf.is on st line
Classwork
330
Cw. 1 (Ex. 12C 5)
y
In the figure, the inscribed circle of ABC touches AB, AC and BC at R, Q and
S respectively. It is given that AC = 25 cm , SC = 21 cm and RB = x cm .
(a) Express the lengths of BC and AB in terms of x.

in
(b) If ABC = 90 , find x. 4m

a SLEQC zlmltmgenhfromext.pt
AQ 2521 4m i
AQ AR 4m tangents fromext.pt
RBEBS
⼆
mltmgenh fromext.pt
BCikt2l
c AC
4tx
25 lb i xit xtzl 2lPgththm
6z5 l6⼗ 8 tit it42 ⼋⼗ 441
625 ⼆ bit5 以 ⼗
457
0 ⼆
2it5 以 168 8

ㄦ 3 or a 28 rej
 Cw. 2 (Ex. 12C 10)
In the figure, COD is a straight line. TD is the tangent to the circle at A.
ABC = x and TAB = y .
(a) Find x and y .
(b) Is AB parallel to DC? Explain your answer.

a LOAD 90 tangent上 radius l

LAOD 1800 900 440 400 Lsmnufg fi
2 ㄦ 1804460 L at centre ⼆ 2 Latog
⼆ 1130

LAOC 1800 460 1340

dj.lsonst.li ne
L BA0⼗66413441130 3600 L sun of polygon
470
LBAo
y 180 900 470 430 adj Ls on st line
b LOLB ⼗ 6641130 ⼆ 17941800
AB is not parallel to DC
Homework:
Ex. 12C (p 12.33) 9, 12, 15, 16
Deadline 4A: ______ 4B:______

(12.5) Angles in the Alternate Segment

Theorem 27 : [ in alt. segment]

B

If PQ is the tangent of the circle at A , C

then BAP = BCA and BAQ = BDA
D

P A Q

Theorem 28 : [converse of in alt. segment]

B
If BAP = BCA or BAQ = BDA , C
then PQ is the tangent of the circle at A .

P A Q

9
 Ex. 1
In the figure, RT is the tangent to the circle at T. PSR is a straight line.
(a) Find x and y.
(b) Is UR parallel to TS? Explain your answer.
a cspi i niiladj.li on 5

LUST y Is in he same segment

LSTR 350 Is in he same segment jig i
LRT u 790 ls.in he same segment Qxty 794350 1800
LUTQ y Ls in alt segment 670⼆yt790

tyt794350 1800 adj.is on stliny

ntbtg 790 lext.lt 0
x 3go
y I
bl.LU Ri 270 LRTS ⼆350
UR is not parallel to TS

Ex. 2
In the figure, CBE is a straight line. CAE = ABE = 87 and ADB = 51 .
(a) Find x.
(b) Show that EA is the tangent to the circle at A.
(c) Show that AE 2 = BE CE.
來
fcrhynnhnh
a LA43⼆5101Ls in thesǖtgneny
七⼆ 1800 510 870 L sum of 0

420
151 LBAE18v0 870 420 L sun of
⼆ 510
garner
YLALB ⼆ LBAE
i EA is the
tangent to the ink converse of Ls in all
Segment
i LAEEL BEA Common D
LCAELABE ⼆ 87 given
toABE no CAE AA
⼆
㼭 毙 arr sides nos 10

AÉ ⼆
BE E
Ex. 3
In the figure, two circles touch each other externally at F. AB is a common
tangent to the two circles, where A and B are the points of contact. E is a point on
AB such that EF is the common tangent to the two circles at F. AFC and BFD are
straight lines.
(a) Find ABF and BAD .
(b) Is AD parallel to BC? Explain your answer.

a LEAF⼆470 I Ls in aH sgnentl
ii
LEFA47 is in aH segment i
Let LBCF
LEBF 1 is in aH segment

LBFE ˋ Is in aH segment

470 474 tn 1800 c.mn fo

430
LAEF ⼆ 4了
LAFD⼆ 180 470 45 900 af Ls on st line
LFAD 1800 900 470 45 L sum of co
L BAD ⼆ 474430 ⼆ 0
lbl.LI AF 430 LBLF proved
Classwork ADDBC aH.Lcenml
Cw. 1 (Ex. 12D 2)
In the figure, TA is the tangent to the circle at A and TA // DC. ABC = 113 .

l7 L0AT
Find x and y.

9o0 tangent 上 radius O

LCAT ⼆1130 L in alt segment
3
n 1130 900 25
LDCA 1800 1130⼆ 670
lint.li TAHDD
y 2x670 L at centre ⼆ 2Latog
⼆
1340

11
Cw. 2 (Ex. 12D 6)
In the figure, AB is the tangent to the circle at T. If CTB = 70 ,
(a) find CDT .
(b) find COT . 0
a LATC 1800 700 adj.lsonst.li 2
1100 y
LATE LCDT ⼆ 100 Is in alt segment
O
Cbl reflex LC0⼗ ⼆ 2XIN L at wnh 2 L at 04
reflex LWT ⼆ 2200

Lcoī 3600 220 Ls at a

pt
1400

Cw. 3 (Ex. 12D 15)

In the figure, TS is the tangent to the circle ABC at B. It is given that
CBS = 37 , ATB = 106 and AC // TS. Prove that TA is the tangent to the
circle at A.
D
LACB ilaH.li ACNTS 了
alt
氣
LCAB 370 Ls in segment

LAB 1800 37 370 1 60

LDAC ⼆1060 com Li Acyīs f
TLAB ⼆ LDAC ⼆1060
i TA is the tangent to 比 circle
convene of Ls in ak segment

Homework:
Ex. 12D (p 12.44) 7, 8, 19, 22
Deadline 4A: ______ 4B:______

12