TUTORIAL-1

General Chemistry
CHEM F 111
Section T6-SPOT-ADM

Coverage: Quantum Theory (Application)

Instructor: Dr. Rabi Narayan Panda
Using, relations
λ = h/p = h/mv
And K = ½ mv2

x1.602

11.27

5.9
Problem:
Calculate momentum and de-Broglie wavelength
of an electron accelerated from rest through
potential difference of (a) 1.0 V and (b) 100 kV.
Solution:
Calculating Momentum:
(a) For 1.0 V
P = { 2e ∆ φ me } 1/2
= { 2 × 1.602 × 10-19 × 9.109 × 10-31 × 1 }1/2
= {29.185 × 10-50 × 1}1/2 = 5.402 × 10-25
(a) For 100kV
P = { 2e ∆ φ me } 1/2
= {29.185 × 10-50 ×102 × 103 V}1/2
= {5.402 × 10-46 × 10 }1/2 = 54.02 × 10-23
Calculating de-Broglie wavelength:
(a) For 1 V :
ℎ
𝜆=
𝑝
6.626 × 10−34
=
10 × 5.4 × 10−23
= 1.22 × 10-12 m
(b) For 100kV :
ℎ
𝜆=
𝑝
6.626 × 10−34
=
5.402 × 10−25

= 1.226 × 10-9 m
Problem:
In an experiment, KE of photoelectrons ejected by 300 nm
wavelength is 1.613 eV. Determine the work function of the metal.
Solution:
Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation:

ℎ𝑐
𝛷= − 𝐸 (𝐾𝐸)
𝜆

Work Function at λ(300)

m
6.626 ×10−34 Js×2.998 ×108 s
𝛷 300 = 300 × 10−9 m
− 1.613 × 1.602 × 10−19 J
= 6.626 × 10−34 × 9.993 × 1014
−2.584 × 10−19
= (66.214 − 25.84) × 10−20

= 40.374 × 10−20 J
 Problem:
(a)
Write the explicit numerical form of the wave function in
the equation:
1/2
2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
Ѱ𝑛 𝑥 = ቆ ቇ sin
𝐿 𝐿
And the corresponding probability density,
1
2
2 2
𝑛𝜋𝑥
( Ѱ𝑛 𝑥 ) = ቆ ቇ sin
𝐿 𝐿
For n =1 and L = 100 pm.

Solution: Explicit Numerical Forms:

1/2
2 𝜋𝑥/𝑝𝑚
Ѱ1 𝑥 = ൭ ൱ sin
100 pm 100

1/2
2 𝜋𝑥/𝑝𝑚
Ѱ1 𝑥 = ቆ ቇ sin
100 × 1 × 10−12 𝑚 100
 1 𝜋𝑥/𝑝𝑚
Ѱ1 𝑥 = ൫1.414 × 10+5 m−1/2 ൯ sin1 ( )
100

𝜋𝑥/𝑝𝑚
( Ѱ𝑛 𝑥 )2 = (2.00 × 10+10 m−1 )1 sin2 ( )
100

Problem:
(b) Express the expression for Ѱ1 𝑥 And ( Ѱ1 𝑥 )2
for n =1 and L = 100 pm and x = 10 pm and x = 100 pm.

For x = 10 pm,
𝜋10/𝑝𝑚
Ѱ1 10 = 1.414 × 10+5 sin( )
100
= 1.414 × 10+5 {sin( 0.3142)}
= (4.37 × 10+4 ) 𝑚−1/2
 ( Ѱ1 10 )2 = 19.0969 × 108 m−1

For x = 100 pm,

𝜋100/𝑝𝑚
Ѱ1 100 = 1.414 × 10+5 sin ( )
100
= 1.414 × 10+5 × 0 = 0

( Ѱ1 100 )2 = 0

At x = L (i.e. 100pm), There is a node.

Problem:
An electron is confined to a linear region with a length
of the same order as the diameter of an atom (Take 100 pm).
Calculate the minimum uncertainties in its momentum and
speed.

Solution:
From uncertainty principle:

∆x ∆P ≥ ½ ħ
Uncertainty in position is 100 pm.

Minimum uncertainties in momentum,

ħ 1.055 ×10−34 𝐽𝑠
∆P ≥ ½ ∆x
= 2 ×(100 × 10−12𝑚)

= 0.527 × 10-24 Js/m

= 0.527 × 10-25 kg m/s

Minimum uncertainties in speed,

∆P 5.27 × 10−25 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
∆V ≥ m(e) = 9.11 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔

= 0.578 × 10 6 m/s
The END