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 CONSTRUCTION OF ANALYTIC FUNCTION

Milne-Thomson method :-

To find the analytic function f(z):

i) when u(x , y) is given ( i.e., real part is given)

f ( z ) = ∫ u x ( z , 0) dz −i ∫u y ( z, 0) dz

ii) when v(x ,y ) is given ( i.e., Imaginary part is given)

f ( z ) = ∫ v y ( z , 0) dz +i ∫ v x ( z, 0) dz
 CONSTRUCTION OF ANALYTIC FUNCTION

Method to find out the Harmonic conjugate:

Let f(z) = u + i v be an analytic function.

Given: u(x ,y )

∴ v = ∫ −u y dx + ∫ux dy
⇓ ⇓
treating y Integrating the terms

as constant independent of x
 EXAMPLES
1) If u(x ,y ) = x2 + y2 , find v(x ,y ) and Hence find f(z).
Solution: −

Given : u = x 2 − y2
⇒ ux =2x, uy =−2y
we know that,

v = ∫ −u y dx + ∫ux dy
⇓ ⇓
treating y Integrating the terms

as constant independent of x
 EXAMPLES

∴ v = ∫ − ( −2 y ) dx + ∫ 2x dy
IInd integral is zero since
= 2 xy + 0
there is no term indep. of "x "
⇒ v = 2xy

∴ f(z)=u+iv
⇒ f ( z ) = ( x 2 − y 2 ) + i (2xy)
= x 2 + i 2 y 2 + 2 x (iy)
= ( x + i y )2
∴ f ( z ) = z2
 EXAMPLES
1) Find f(z), when u(x ,y ) = x2 + y2 .
(same example, using Milne-Thomson method, finding f(z) )

Solution: −
Given : u = x 2 − y2
⇒u x = 2 x , uy =−2y
∴ u x ( z ,0) = 2 z , u y ( z,0) = 0

By Milne-Thomson method ,
f ( z ) = ∫ u x ( z , 0) dz −i ∫u y ( z, 0) dz
= ∫ 2 z dz − i ∫ 0 dz
∴ f ( z ) = z2
 EXAMPLES

2) Show that the function u(x ,y ) = sinx coshy is harmonic.

Find its harmonic conjugate v( x , y ) and the analytic function

f(z) =u + i v .

Solution : −
Given : u = sin x cosh y
u x = cos x cosh y u y = sin x sinh y
u u
= − sin x cosh y
xx yy = sin x cosh y
∴ u xx + uyy = 0
⇒ u is harmonic.
 EXAMPLES
To find v ( x , y) : −

we know that, v = ∫ −u y dx + ∫ux dy

⇓ ⇓
treating y Integrating the terms

as constant independent of x

∴ V = ∫ −(sin x sinh y ) dx + ∫ (cos x cosh y ) dy

= − sinh y ∫ sin x dx + 0 since no term is

independent of x
= − sinh y ( − cos x)
∴ V = cos x sinh y
 EXAMPLES

Now,
f ( z ) = u + i v = sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y
sin(iy)
= sin x cos(iy ) + i cos x
i

= sin x cos(iy ) + cos x sin(iy)

= sin( x + iy)
= sin z
∴ f ( z ) = sin z
 EXAMPLES

3) Construct analytic function f(z) of which imaginary part

v(x,y) = - 2 sinx (ey - e-y ).
Solution : −
Given : v ( x , y ) = − 2 sin x (e − e ) y − y

i.e., v = − 4 sin x sinh y [Q e y −e − y = 2sinh y]

v = − 4 cos x sinh y ,
x v y = − 4 sin x cosh y
∴ v ( z,0) = 0
x , v ( z ,0)
y = − 4sin z

∴ f ( z ) = ∫ v y ( z ,0) dz + i ∫ v x ( z ,0) dz
= ∫ −4 sin z dz
⇒ f ( z ) = 4cos z + c
 EXAMPLES
4) Find the analytic function f(z) = u+iv such that,
u+v = x3 + 3x2 y - 3xy2 - y2 + 4x + 5 and f(0) = 2+3i .

Solution : −
we knowthat , f ( z ) = u + i v
i f ( z ) = iu − v
∴ f ( z ) + i f ( z ) = u + i v + iu − v
⇒ f ( z ) (1 + i ) = (u − v ) + i (u + v)
F(z) = U+iV
where F ( z ) = f ( z ) (1 + i)
U = (u − v ) , V = u + v = x + 3 x y − 3 xy − y + 4 x + 5
3 2 2 2
 EXAMPLES

By Milne-thomson method,
F(z) = ∫ v y ( z ,0) dz + i ∫ v x ( z ,0) dz

Now, v x = 3 x + 6 xy − 3 y +
2 2

4 v y = 3 x − 6 xy − 2 y
2

v x ( z ,0) = 3 z + 4 2

v y ( z ,0) = 3z 2

∴ F ( z ) = ∫ 3 z 2 dz + i ∫ (3 z 2 + 4)dz
3 3
= 3 z + i 3z + 4z
3 3
 EXAMPLES

∴ F ( z ) = z + i ( z + 4) + c
3 3

∴ (1 + i ) f ( z ) = z 3 (1 + i ) + i 4z + c
i4 z c
∴ f ( z ) = z + (1 + i ) + (1 + i)
3

= z 3 + (1i+4i )z(1(1 − i) + c
− i) 1

= z 3 + 4 z (i +1) + c
2 1

∴ f ( z ) = z + 2 z (1 + i ) + c1 → (1)
3
 EXAMPLES

Given : f (0) = 2 + 3i

put z = 0 in (1), weget , f (0) = c1

∴ c1 = 2 + 3i

∴ f ( z ) = z 3 + 2 z (1 + i ) + (2 + 3i)

∴ f ( z ) = ( z 3 + 2 z + 2 ) + i (2 z + 3)