REFRESHER PHASE
POST TEST
RENAL FABS
Prepared By: Prof. Keith Kainne Garino, RN, LPT, MAEd
NOV 2023 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination Review
1. A female client is admitted for treatment of chronic renal
failure (CRF). Nurse Julian knows that this disorder increases
the client’s risk of:
A. water and sodium retention secondary to a severe
decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
B. a decreased serum phosphate level secondary to
kidney failure.
C. an increased serum calcium level secondary to
kidney failure.
D. metabolic alkalosis secondary to retention of
hydrogen ions.
2. For a male client in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure
(ARF), which nursing intervention is most important?
A. Encouraging coughing and deep breathing
B. Promoting carbohydrate intake
C. Limiting fluid intake
D. Providing pain-relief measures
3. Which of the following disorders would lead to pre-renal
failure?
A. Nephritis
B. Renal calculi
C. Dehydration
D. Bladder cancer
4. A male client with chronic renal failure has a serum
potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What should nurse Olivia assess
first?
A. Blood pressure
B. Respirations
C. Temperature
D. Heart Rate
5. The client was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Which of the following types/cause of renal failure would the
client most likely acquire?
A. Pre-renal failure
B. Intra renal failure
C. Post renal failure
D. Chronic renal failure
6. A male client who has been treated for chronic renal failure
(CRF) is ready for discharge. The nurse should reinforce which
dietary instruction?
A. “Be sure to eat meat at every meal.”
B. “Monitor your fruit intake and eat plenty of
bananas.”
C. “Increase your carbohydrate intake.”
D. “Drink plenty of fluids, and use a salt substitute.”
7. Which of the following signs/symptoms will a client
experience in the onset phase of renal failure?
A. No symptoms
B. Increased BUN
C. Increased urine output
D. Decreased urine output
8. A 30 y.o. female patient is undergoing hemodialysis with an
internal arteriovenous fistula in place. What do you do to
prevent complications associated with this device?
A. Insert I.V. lines above the fistula.
B. Avoid taking blood pressures in the arm with the
fistula.
C. Palpate pulses above the fistula.
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D. Report a bruit or thrill over the fistula to the doctor.
9. Which cause of hypertension is the most common in acute
renal failure?
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Hypervolemia
C. Hypovolemia
D. Anemia
10. Polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used in renal failure
to:
A. Correct acidosis
B. Reduce serum phosphate levels
C. Exchange potassium for sodium
D. Prevent constipation from sorbitol use
11. A patient is admitted in the hospital due to having lower
than normal potassium level in her bloodstream. Her medical
history reveals vomiting and diarrhea prior to hospitalization.
Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to increase?
A. Whole grains and nuts
B. Milk products and green, leafy vegetables
C. Pork products and canned vegetables
D. Orange juice and bananas
12. Lab tests revealed that patient’s [Na+] is 170 mEq/L.
Which clinical manifestation would nurse Natty expect to
assess?
A. Thirst and confusion
B. Muscle twitching and tetany
C. Fruity breath and Kussmaul’s respirations
D. Muscle weakness and paresthesia
13. A client with very dry mouth, skin and mucous membranes
is diagnosed of having dehydration. Which intervention should
the nurse perform when caring for a client diagnosed with fluid
volume deficit?
A. Assessing urinary intake and output
B. Obtaining the client’s weight weekly at different
times of the day
C. Monitoring arterial blood gas (ABG) results
D. Maintaining I.V. therapy at the keep-vein-open rate
14. The patient is diagnosed with hypomagnesemia, which
nursing intervention would be appropriate?
A. Instituting seizure precaution to prevent injury
B. Instructing the client on the importance of
preventing infection
C. Avoiding the use of tight tourniquet when drawing
blood
D. Teaching the client the importance of early
ambulation
15. Which clinical manifestation would lead the nurse to
suspect that a client is experiencing hypermagnesemia?
A. Muscle pain and acute rhabdomyolysis
B. Hot, flushed skin and hypotension
C. Soft-tissue calcification and hyperreflexia
D. Increased respiratory rate and depth
16. Which of the following laboratory findings would indicate
that the client has recovered from acute renal failure?
A. Hematocrit 25%
B. GFR 120 mL/min
C. Sodium 150 mEq/L
D. Potassium 6 mEq/L
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17. Which of the following laboratory findings would you NOT D. Muscle weakness
expect from a client with fluid volume excess? 30.The nurse is taking care of a client who is diagnosed of
A. Low BUN chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has diarrhea for 3
B. Low Hematocrit days. The client’s ABG shows pH 7.25, pCO2 60 mmHg, and
C. Low creatinine HCO3 18 mEq/L. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating
D. High urine specific gravity which condition?
18. Which of the following fluids is an isotonic solution? A. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
A. 3% NaCl B. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
B. 9% NaCl C. Respiratory and metabolic alkalosis
C. 25% NaCl D. Respiratory and metabolic acidosis
D. D10W
19. Which of the following is true about hypertonic solutions?
A. It can transfer fluids from the intravascular space
into the intracellular space causing the cell to shrink.
B. It can transfer fluids from the intravascular space
into the intracellular space causing the cell to swell.
C. It can transfer fluids from the intracellular space
into the intravascular space causing the cell to shrink.
D. It can transfer fluids from the intracellular space
into the intravascular space causing the cell to swell.
20. Which of the following disorders would cause fluid volume
excess?
A. Diarrhea
B. Constipation
C. Hemorrhage
D. Heart failure
21. What kind of solution would you expect to be given to a
client with hypernatremia?
A. Isotonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Hypertonic
D. Hypertonic and hypotonic
22. Hyperkalemia can be caused by the following disorders
except:
A. Renal failure
B. Addison’s disease
C.Burn injury
D.Cushing’s syndrome
23. Which of the following medications can contribute to
hypokalemia?
A. Calcium gluconate
B. Fludrocortisone
C. Spironolactone
D. Potassium chloride
24. Which of the following interventions is indicated to a client
with hypocalcemia?
A. Low calcium diet
B. Avoid milk and dairy products
C. Administration of calcitonin
D. Administration of calcium gluconate
25. Which of the following tests is done prior to withdrawing
blood to the radial artery?
A. Allen’s test
B. Schilling’s test
C. Torniquet Test
D. Serum creatinine
26. Which of the following ABG values would indicate the client
has metabolic acidosis?
A. pH: 7.42, CO2: 43, HCO3: 22
B. pH: 7.31, CO2: 25, HCO3: 17
C. pH: 7.45, CO2: 21, HCO3: 17
D. pH: 7.45, CO2: 35, HCO3: 23
27. Which of the following ECG changes would you expect from
a client with hypokalemia?
A. U wave
B. Tall T wave
C. Prolonged PR interval
D. Wide QRS Complex
28. Which of the following signs and symptoms would you
expect from a patient with hypocalcemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Muscle weakness
C. Muscle twitching
D. Renal Calculi
29. Which of the following clinical manifestations would you
expect from a client with hypophosphatemia?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hypotension
C. Positive Chvostek’s sign

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