WORKSHEET

CHAPTER 5A
1 The electron micrograph below shows a chloroplast.

(a) (i) Place a cross (X) in the box next to the name of the part labelled Y.

(1)

(ii) Place a cross (X) in the box next to the name of the part labelled Z.

(1)

(b) Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts are phospholipid bilayers with proteins and chlorophyll molecules
embedded in them.

(i) Explain why the phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer.

(3)

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(ii) Describe the role of the proteins in the thylakoid membrane in the formation of ATP.

(3)
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(iii) The diagram below shows a simplified structure of a chlorophyll molecule.

Place a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of the ion found in the porphyrin ring.

(1)

(iv) Suggest why the chlorophyll molecule has a hydrocarbon tail.

(2)

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(TOTAL 11 MARKS)

(JAN 2017 WBI04/01 Q-1)

2 The photograph below shows a rhododendron bush.

A gardener planted a mixture of plants around a rhododendron bush. Not all of these plants grew.

The gardener was told that rhododendron bushes release poisons into the soil. These poisons can kill some
plants.

The gardener wanted to know how near to the rhododendron bush plants could be grown.

(a) Calculate the width of this rhododendron bush at its widest point.

(2)

Answer………………….

(b) Describe an investigation to determine how near to the rhododendron bush the gardener could grow new
plants.

(4)

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(c) The rhododendron bush could also affect the growth of other plants by reducing water availability and light.
(i) Describe how water availability and light could be measured.

(4)

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(ii) Explain how water availability and light could be affected by the rhododendron bush.

(2)

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(TOTAL 12 MARKS)

(JAN 2017 WBI04/01 Q-7)

3 Photosynthesis involves light-dependent and light-independent reactions. The diagram below shows some of
the stages in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

(a) Put a cross (x) in the box next to the row in the table that correctly identifies the products P, Q and R
made from one molecule of water.
 (1)

(b) Put a cross (x) in the box next to the name of reaction K.

(1)

(c) Explain how reaction J is involved in the production of ATP in chloroplasts.

(3)

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(d) Explain the roles of ATP and reduced NADP in the light-independent reaction.

(3)

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(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

(JUNE 2017 WBI04/01 Q-1)

4 Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both found in plant cells.

(a) The structures found in chloroplasts and mitochondria can be studied using an electron microscope.

Some structures are found in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Other structures are found in either
chloroplasts only or mitochondria only.

A Venn diagram can be drawn to represent this information. Structures found in both chloroplasts and
mitochondria are written in the part of the diagram where the circles overlap.

Complete the Venn diagram below by writing the names of two structures in each part of the diagram.

(3)

(b) The chloroplast is involved in photosynthesis. Both the light-dependent and the light-independent reaction
take place in the chloroplast.

Some of the products of these reactions are used by plants to synthesise lipids, such as triglycerides.

(i) Describe the structure of a triglyceride.

(3)

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(ii) Put a cross in the box next to the chemical reaction that is involved in the synthesis of a triglyceride.
 (1)

(iii) Explain how the products of both the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions are used to
synthesise triglycerides.

(4)

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(TOTAL 11 MARKS)

(JUNE 2017 6BI04/01 Q-1)

5 Temperature is one factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.

A student investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of electron transport and the mean activity of the
enzyme RUBISCO in the chloroplasts of a leaf.

The graph below shows the results of this investigation.

(a) (i) Put a cross in the box next to the location of electron transport in the chloroplast.

(1)

(ii) Explain the role of electron transport in photosynthesis.

(2)

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(iii) The student extended the investigation to find the optimum temperature for electron transport.

Put a cross in the box next to the temperature range that should be used to find the optimum temperature for
electron transport.

(1)

(b) (i) Explain the role of RUBISCO in photosynthesis.

(3)

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(ii) The student expressed the activity of RUBISCO as µmol m–2 s–1. Suggest what the student measured in this
investigation to find the activity of RUBISCO.
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(c) Using the information in the graph, discuss the reliability of the results obtained in this investigation.

(3)

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(TOTAL 13 MARKS)

(OCT 2017 WBI04/01 Q-1)

6 Photosynthesis involves the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

(a) The diagram below shows part of photosynthesis.

(i) Put a cross in the box next to the name of molecule P.

(1)

(ii) Put a cross in the box next to the row in the table that correctly identifies molecule Q and molecule R.
 (1)

(b) A study compared the rate of photosynthesis in two varieties of rice plant, B and C.

The study also compared the concentration of organic nitrogen and RUBISCO in the leaves of these plants.

The graphs below show the results of this study.

(i) The rate of photosynthesis was measured in ȝmol m–2 s–1.

Suggest what was measured to obtain these units for the rate of photosynthesis.

(3)

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(ii) Explain how the leaves obtain nitrogen.

(2)

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(iii) Explain why the concentration of organic nitrogen has an effect on the content of RUBISCO and on the rate
of photosynthesis.

(3)

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(TOTAL 10 MARKS)

(OCT 2018 WBI04/01 Q-2)

7 The process of photosynthesis can be summarised by the word equation and the formula equation

carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2 O C6 H12O6 + 6O2

(a) In the light-dependent reactions, water is split into hydrogen ions, electrons and an oxygen atom. (i) Name
this stage of the light-dependent reactions.

(1)
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(ii) Put a cross in the box next to the location in the chloroplast where this stage of the light-dependent reactions
takes place.

(1)

(b) The diagram below shows three atoms and how they are arranged in a glucose molecule.
(i) Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of atom S.

(1)

(ii) Use the information in the diagram to explain why this is an alpha-glucose molecule.

(2)

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(iii) Put a cross in the box next to the source of oxygen for the synthesis of glucose in photosynthesis.

(1)

(c) Explain the roles of the stroma in the synthesis of glucose.

(2)

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(d) Glucose is used for the synthesis of sucrose in plants. Describe how sucrose is synthesised from glucose.

(2)

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(TOTAL 10 MARKS)

(JUNE 2018 WBI04/01 Q-1)

8 (a) The diagram below shows part of the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis.

(i) Put a cross in the box to complete the following sentence. The enzyme RUBISCO catalyses

(1)

(ii) Put a cross in the box to complete the following sentence. Reduced NADP and ATP are needed in

(1)
(iii) Below is a list of carbohydrates:

Ɣ fructose

Ɣ alpha glucose

Ɣ beta glucose

Ɣ sucrose.

Put a cross in the box next to the number of these carbohydrates that are monosaccharides.

(1)

(iv) Sugars are used in the synthesis of polysaccharides. Below is a list of polysaccharides:

Ɣ amylopectin

Ɣ amylose

Ɣ cellulose

Ɣ glycogen.

Put a cross in the box next to the number of these polysaccharides found in plants.

(1)

(b) Temperature, light intensity and the availability of carbon dioxide have an effect on the rate of
photosynthesis.

Twelve groups of plants, of the same species, were exposed to different temperatures, light intensities and
percentages of carbon dioxide. The rate of photosynthesis of each group was measured.

The table below shows the rate of photosynthesis for some of these groups
(i) Using the information in the table, describe the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis, when
light intensity and the percentage of carbon dioxide are both high.

(2)

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(ii) Suggest why the rate of photosynthesis is the same in groups A, B, E and F.

(3)

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(iii) Suggest values for the rate of photosynthesis in groups K and L. Give reasons for your answer.

(4)

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(TOTAL 13 MARKS)

(JAN 2018 WBI04/01 Q-1)

9 Chloroplasts are involved in the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. (a) In
the space below, draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a chloroplast.

(3)

(b) Describe the roles of the chloroplast membranes in photosynthesis.

(4)

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(c) The graph below shows the effect of light intensity and the concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate
(NaHCO3 ) on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant.
Adding NaHCO3 to water increases the availability of carbon dioxide to the aquatic plant.

(i) Suggest how the rate of photosynthesis was measured.

(2)

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(ii) Using the information in the graph, describe the effect of light intensity and the concentration of NaHCO 3 on
the rate of photosynthesis.

(3)

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(iii) Suggest why some photosynthesis took place when no NaHCO3 had been added.

(1)

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(TOTAL 13 MARKS)

(JAN 2019 WBI04/01 Q-6)

10 Photosynthesis consists of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Photosynthesis produces
GALP. A molecule of GALP contains hydrogen.

(a) Explain how the light-dependent reactions enable hydrogen to be incorporated into GALP.

(4)

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(b) Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of production of GALP.

(3)

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(c) The graph below shows how the rate of GALP production affects the net uptake of carbon dioxide by two
plants, one grown in the light and one grown in the shade.
(i) Explain why the plant grown in the light had a greater net uptake of carbon dioxide than the plant grown in
the shade, when the rate of GALP production was above 26a.u.

(3)

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(ii) Suggest why the net uptake of carbon dioxide was negative when the rate of GALP production was very low.

(2)

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(TOTAL 12 MARKS)

(JUNE 2019 WBI04/01 Q-7)

11 Chloroplasts are involved in both the light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions of
photosynthesis.

(a) Which row of the table shows where the light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions take
place?

(1)

(b) The diagram shows the outline of a chloroplast.

Draw three labelled features on this diagram that are found in a chloroplast, other than the stroma and the
thylakoid membranes.

(3)
(c) An absorption spectrum shows how much light is absorbed by chloroplasts at different wavelengths of light.
The table shows the colour of light at four wavelengths.

Which wavelength of light is absorbed the least by chloroplasts?

(1)

(d) State what is meant by the term action spectrum.

(1)

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(e) Chloroplast pigments can be separated and then identified by their Rf values.

(i) Which process can be used to separate chloroplast pigments?

(1)

(ii) The diagram shows separated chloroplast pigments, J and K.

What is the Rf value for chloroplast pigment J?

(1)

(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

(OCT 2020 WBI14/01 Q-1)

12 The following equation summarises photosynthesis.

The diagrams show the bonds in carbon dioxide, water and oxygen.

Energy is needed to break chemical bonds, and to form new chemical bonds. This is called the bond energy.

The table shows some bond energies for the bonds in carbon dioxide, water, glucose and oxygen.
(a) (i) In photolysis, one of the bonds in each water molecule is broken.

Using the equation for photosynthesis, calculate how much energy is released by photolysis in order for one
molecule of glucose to be made.

(1)

Answer .............................................................. Kj

(ii) Explain how light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP.

(4)

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(b) The diagram shows the structure of glucose.

The energy needed to form the bonds in one molecule of glucose is 9164kJ.

(i) State what other information is needed in the table of bond energies for this value to be calculated.

(1)

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(ii) Where in the chloroplasts are these bonds formed?

 (1)

(c) Glucose is used by plants in the production of amino acids.

(i) Which row of the table describes how two amino acids join together?

(1)

(ii) Explain why amino acids cannot be produced from glucose alone.

(2)

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(TOTAL 10 MARKS)

(OCT 2020 WBI14/01 Q-3)

13 Photosynthesis consists of the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions.

(a) In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is converted into energy stored in ATP.

(i) Explain why light energy is converted into energy stored in ATP.

(2)

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(ii) An equation can summarise the production and breakdown of ATP.

Complete this equation, by writing the names of the substrates and the type of reaction on the three dotted
lines provided.

(2)

(iii) Explain the role of light energy in the light-dependent reactions.

(3)

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(b) The light-independent reactions use products of the light-dependent reactions to produce simple sugars.

(i) Which row of the table shows the products of the light-dependent reactions that are used in the light-
independent reactions?

(1)

(ii) Simple sugars have the formula CnH2nOn. Name the inorganic molecule from which each element in a simple
sugar originated.

(2)

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(iii) Simple sugars are used in the synthesis of new biological molecules. Which row of the table shows the
inorganic ions that are needed to synthesise these new biological molecules?

(3)

(TOTAL 13 MARKS)

(JAN 2021 WBI14/01 Q-5)

14 Chloroplasts and mitochondria are two organelles found in some plant cells.

(a) Compare and contrast the structure of a chloroplast with the structure of a mitochondrion.

(3)

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(b) The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis can result in either cyclic or non-cyclic
photophosphorylation.

(i) The diagram shows cyclic photophosphorylation.

Complete the diagram by writing the correct word or words on the dotted lines, labelled D, E, F, G and H.

(3)
(ii) Name one molecule that is produced in non-cyclic photophosphorylation that is not produced in cyclic
photophosphorylation.

(1)

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(iii) Describe the role of photolysis in non-cyclic photophosphorylation.

(2)

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(TOTAL 9 MARKS)

(JUNE 2021 WBI14/01 Q-2)

15 The structure of a chloroplast is related to its role in photosynthesis.

The diagram shows a chloroplast.

(a) (i) Which row in the table identifies the structures labelled P, Q and V?

(1)

(ii) Which structure contains GALP?

(1)

(iii) The length of this chloroplast is 7.5µm. Calculate the magnification of this diagram.

(1)

Answer ..............................................................

(iv) Structures T and U are membranes. Compare and contrast the structure of these two membranes.

(3)

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(b) An investigation studied the effect of periods of light and dark on the levels of chloroplast DNA in one species
of a single-celled organism.

One group of these organisms, group A, was exposed to 36 hours of continuous light.

The other group of these organisms, group B, was exposed to 12 hours of light, followed by 12 hours of
darkness, followed by 12 hours of light.

The graph shows the results of this investigation.

These organisms divide by mitosis followed by cell division, during the dark.

Describe two conclusions that can be made about the replication of chloroplast DNA.

(2)

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(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

(OCT 2021 WBI14/01 Q-1)

16 Seaweeds are a group of organisms that carry out photosynthesis.

Identifying the types and proportions of chlorophyll pigments is important in the classification of seaweeds and
biodiversity studies.

(a) State the meaning of the term biodiversity.

(2)

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(b) Explain the role of chlorophyll in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

(2)

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(c) An investigation compared the effectiveness of two solvents, propanone and DMSO, in extracting
photosynthetic pigments.

Four species of seaweed were collected from the Indian coast of Tamil Nadu and taken to the laboratory where
the species were identified.

Each species of seaweed was split into two samples of equal mass.

The photosynthetic pigments were extracted from each sample using one of the two solvents and their
concentrations determined.

The graphs show some of the results of this investigation

*(i) Discuss the effectiveness of these extraction methods in the identification of these species.

Use the information in the graphs to support your answer.

(6)

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(ii) Suggest why different concentrations of chlorophyll were obtained using these two different solvents.

(2)
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(TOTAL 12 MARKS)

(OCT 2021 WBI14/01 Q-6)

17 Thylakoid membranes contain chloroplast pigments and molecules of ATP synthase. These membranes are
the site of the light-dependent reactions.

(a) The graph shows the absorption spectrums of two chloroplast pigments from one plant.

(i) Draw the action spectrum for this plant on the axes below.

(2)
(ii) Calculate how many times greater the percentage of light absorbed by chlorophyll b is than that absorbed by
chlorophyll a, at their maximum absorptions.

(1)

Answer ..............................................................

(iii) Thylakoid membranes contain different types of chlorophyll pigment. Explain the advantage of this for a
plant.

(2)

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(b) The ATP synthase molecules are proteins.

(i) Which row of the table describes the bonds that form between amino acids in a protein?

(1)

(ii) Products of the light-independent reactions are used to synthesise amino acids.

Describe how plants synthesise amino acids.

(2)

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(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

(JAN 2022 WBI14/01 Q-2)

18 (a) The table gives some information about structures found in chloroplasts.
(i) Where in the chloroplast is RUBISCO active?

(1)

(ii) What is stored in S?

(1)

(iii) Where is GP formed?

(1)

(iv) Which is the correct order of size, smallest to largest?

(1)

(b) The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in two types of plant, Spartina and Leucopoa, at
different temperatures.
(i) Which could be the units for rate of photosynthesis?

(1)

(ii) Compare and contrast the rate of photosynthesis of these two species of plant, at different temperatures.

(3)

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(iii) Describe how a Q10 value for the rate of photosynthesis can be calculated, using this graph.

(2)

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(iv) The graph shows the maximum temperature, for each month, in two regions of North America: Wheatland
and Pole Mountain.

Explain in which of these two regions of North America Spartina is most likely to grow.

Use the information in both graphs to support your answer.

(3)

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(TOTAL 13 MARKS)

(JAN 2022 WBI14/01 Q-6)

19 Chloroplasts are involved in both the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions of
photosynthesis.

(a) Which row of the table is correct for these two reactions?

(1)
(b) The diagram shows part of a chloroplast.

(i) Complete this diagram to show three other labelled structures found in a chloroplast.

(3)

(ii) Compare and contrast the structure of the outer membrane of a chloroplast with that of a thylakoid
membrane.

(4)

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(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

(OCT 2022 WBI14/01 Q-3)

20 Some bacteria are photosynthetic.

Bacteria do not have chloroplasts.

(a) The diagram shows a photosynthetic bacterium.

(i) Which labelled structure contains the genes coding for the enzymes involved in photosynthesis?

(1)

(ii) Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

(1)

(iii) Where do the light-independent reactions take place?

(1)

(b) The graphs show the absorption spectrum of the photosynthetic pigments in a plant and in a bacterium.
Describe two conclusions that can be made about the differences in absorption spectra shown in these two
graphs.

(2)
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(c) Photosynthetic pigments can be identified using chromatography.

The diagram shows part of a chromatogram.

Measurements are taken from a chromatogram to determine the Rf value for a photosynthetic pigment.

Describe the measurements taken and how they can be used to calculate the Rf value for this pigment.

(3)

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(TOTAL 8 MARKS)

(JAN 2023 WBI14/01 Q-2)

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