ASSIGNEMENT NO.

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLGY

(GROUP ASSIGNEMENT)

Submitted to
PROF. DR. MUZAFFAR ALI

Submitted By:
Name Registration No.
Muhammad Imran 17-ME-76
Waheed Noor 17-ME-136
Jabir Hassan 17-ME-139
Gul Zaman 17-ME-142
Muhammad Farhan 17-ME-127

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
TAXILA
1
 Calculation and validation of incident solar of Summer Solstice for
D G Khan
β=tilt angle=33◦

Latitude =ᵠ =30.0489 N
◦

Longitude= 70.6455◦E
Standard meridian=75◦ E =Lst
Declination angle = δ =23.45◦

Surface azimuth angle = ᵧ =0 ◦

Local Standard time= 12:16 PM

For Summer Solstice = n =172 days
Computing Equation of Time
E=229.2(0.000075+0.001868CosB-0.032077Sin β -0.014615Cos2 β -0.004089Sin2 β)
β =(n-1) 360/365
β =(172-1)* 360/365
β =168.657
E=-1.3246min
Solar Time = Standard Time +4(Lst-Lloc) + E
Solar time= 12:16 +4(Lloc-Lst) + E
= 12:16+4(70.6455-75)-1.3246
Solar Time=12:16 – 18.7426 min)
Solar Time = 11:57 = Tsolar

Solar Hour Angle

h= pi x (12-Tsolar)/12
h= 3,14 x (12-11:57)/12
h=0.785o

Solar Elevation Angle / Altitude Angle

sin θ s=cos ( 0.785 ) × cos ( 23.5 ) ×cos ( 30.0489 ) +sin ( 23.5 ) ×sin ( 30.0489 )

2
SinӨs= 0.993400
◦
Өs= 83.41

Solar Zenith angle:

ω s=(90−θs )
ω s ¿ 90−81.41

ω s=8.59°

cos θ=SinδSinφCosβ−SinδCosφSinβCosγ +CosδCosφCosβCosω+CosδSinφSinβCosγCosω+CosδSinβSinγSin

δ =23.5 ° , φ=30.0489 , β=59 ° , γ =0 , ωs =8.59

cos θ=0.102837−0.29453+0.38805+0.40425456
cos θ=0.60061156

θ=53.08°

Calculation and validation of incident solar of Winter Solstice for

D G Khan

For winter solstice, n = 356 days

SOLAR TIME:
E qt ( Longlocal −Longsm )
T SOLAR=T ls + ±
60 15

Eqt =−6.5 sin { π ( n−166 )

80 }
Eqt =−6.5 sin { π ( 356−166 )
80 }
Eqt =−6.03655

3
 −6.03655 (70.64−75)
T SOLAR=12+ +
60 15
T SOLAR=11.60821 hr

T SOLAR=11 :48 AM

( n−1 ) 360
B=
365
( 356−1 ) 360
B=
365
B=350.137
E= 229.2 [0.000075+0.001868 cos(B) – 0.032077 sin(B) -0.014615 cos(2B) – 0.04089 sin
(2B)]
E=7.6401582mint

Solar time−Standard time=4 (Lst −Lloc ) + E

¿ 4 ( 75−70.64 )+ 7.64013
solar time=12 :16−25.080
solar time=11 :51 min

DECLINATION ANGLE:
δ=−23.5 °

HOUR ANGLE:
π ( 12−11 :51 )
h=
12
h=2.355° ∨0.04110 radians

ELEVATION ANGLE:
sin θ s=cos ( 2.355 ) × cos (−23.5 ) ×cos ( 30.0489 ) +sin (−23.5 ) × sin (30.0489 )

sin θ s=0.5934

θ s=36.40 °
4
SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE
ω s=(90−θs )

ω s ¿ 90−36.40

ω s=53.6 °

cos θ=SinδSinφCosβ−SinδCosφSinβCosγ +CosδCosφCosβCosω+CosδSinφSinβCosγCosω+CosδSinβSinγSin

δ=−23.5 ° , φ=30.0489 , β=59 ° , γ =0 , ω s=54.92

cos θ=0.102839−0.29585+0.23496+0.226219+0.375792
cos θ=0.64396
θ=49.91 °