OUTLINE PROPER

I. History of the Constitution

1. The Malolos Constitution

2. The American Period

a. Mckinley’s Instructions (Apr. 7, 1900)
b. The Spooner Amendment (1901)
c. The Philippine Bill of 1902
d. The Philippine Autonomy Act or Jones Law (1916)
U.S. vs. Bull, G.R. L-5270, January 15, 1910

3. The Japanese Occupation

4. The 1935 Constitution

Mabanag vs. Lopez Vito, G.R. L-1123, March 1947

5. The 1973 Constitution

Planas vs. Comelec, G.R. L-35925, January 22, 1973
Sanidad v. Comelec, G.R. L-44640, October 12, 1976
Javellana v. Executive Secretary, G.R. L-36142, March 31, 1973
Occena v. Comelec, G.R. L-56350, April 2, 1981

6. The 1986 Provisional Constitution

a. The Snap Elections
PBA v. Comelec, G.R. 72915 (1985)
b. The February 1986 Revolution
c. Proclamation No. 1, February 25, 1986
d. Proclamation No. 3, March 25, 1986
Lawyers League v. Pres. Aquino, G.R. 73748, May 22, 1986
In Re Saturnino Bermudez, G.R. 76180, Oct 24, 1986

7. The 1987 Constitution

a. The Constitutional Commission of 1986
b. Proclamation No. 58 (February 11, 1987)
c. When considered ratified
De Leon vs. Esguerra, G.R. 78059, Aug 31, 1987

II. The Philippine Constitution

1. Definition, Nature and Concepts

2. Political Law
Macariola v. Asuncion, A.M. 133-J, May 31, 1982

3. Constitutional Law

4. Constitution Defined

5. Classification of Constitution
a. Written or Un-written
b. Enacted or Evolved
c. Rigid or Flexible

6. Qualities of a good written Constitution

a. Broad, Brief and Definite

7. Parts of the Constitution

a. Liberty
b. Government
c. Sovereignty

8. Interpretation of the Constitution

Francisco v. House of Representative, G.R. 160261, November 10, 2003

9. Self-executing and Non-self-executing provisions

Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. 122156, February 03, 1997
 Pamatong v. Comelec, G.R. 161872, April 13, 2004

10. Supremacy of the Constitution

Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. 122156, February 3, 1997
Mutuc v. Comelec, G.R. L-32717, November 26, 1970
Alih et., al., v. Castro, G.R. L-69401, June 23, 1987

11. Amendments and Revisions

a. Amendment v. Revision
b. Proposal
i. By Congress
ii. By Constitutional Convention
iii. By the people thru initiative (See R.A. 6735 August 4, 1989)
c. Submission
d. Ratification
e. Doctrine of Proper Submission
Gonzales v. Comelec, G.R L-28196, November 9, 1967
Santiago v. Comelec, G.R. 127325, March 19, 1997
Lambino v. Comelec, G.R. 174153, October 25, 2006
Lambino v. Comelec (Minute Resolution) G.R. 174153, November 21, 2006
Tolentino v. Comelec, G.R. L-34150, October 16, 1971

III. General Considerations

1. The State
a. Elements:
i. People
ii. Territory
(1) National Territory
Magallona v. Ermita, G.R. 187167, July 16, 2011
iii. Government
(1) Functions
(2) Doctrine Parens Patriae
(3) De Jure and De Facto Governments
iv. Sovereignty
b. Act of State
Rosas v. Montor, G.R. 204105, October 14, 2015

2. Doctrine of State Immunity

a. Act No. 3083 (An Act Defining the Conditions under which the Government of the Philippine
Islands May be SUED)
b. CA No. 327 (An Act Fixing the time within which the Auditor General shall render his
decisions and prescribing the manner of appeal)
c. P.D. 1807
d. Article 2180, NCC
e. Waiver of Immunity
i. express v. implied
ii. Commercial v. Government function
iii. incorporated v. unincorporated agency

Rallos v. City of Cebu, G.R. 202651, August 28, 2013

Merritt v. Gov. of the Phil Island, G.R. L-11154, March 1916
Arigo v. Swift, G.R. 206510, September 16, 2014
Tan v. Director of Forestry, G.R. L-24548, October 27, 1983
US. Ruiz, G.R. L-35645, May 22, 1985
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R.129406, March 6, 2006
EPG Construction v. Secretary Vigilar, G.R. No. 131544, March 16, 2001
Mobile Philippines v. Customs Arrastre, G.R.L-23139, December 17, 1966
Municipality of San Fernando, La Union v. Firme, G.R. L-52179, April 8, 1991

3. Separation of powers, Blending of powers, Checks and balances

Belgica v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 208566, November 19, 2013

4. Delegation of powers
Bureau of Customs Employees Association v. Teves, G.R. 181704, December 2011
Garcia v. Drilon, G.R. 179267, June 25, 2013
Imbong v. Ochoa, G.R. 204819, April 11, 2014
 a. Permissible Delegation
i. Tariff Powers
ii. Emergency Powers
iii. Delegation to the People
iv. Delegation to the Local Governments
v. Delegation to Administrative Bodies
b. Test of Delegation
i. Completeness Test
ii. Sufficient Standard Test
Pelaez v. Auditor General, G.R. L-23825, December 243, 1965

5. The Role of the Judiciary

Mendoza v. People, G.R. 183891, October 19, 2011
Daabay v. Coca-Cola, G.R. 199890, August 19, 2013

IV. Fundamental Principles and State Policies

1. Preamble and the Social Contract Theory
2. Republicanism
3. The Defense of the State
4. Peace and Order
5. The Incorporation Clause
Deutsche Bank AG Manila Branch v. CIR, G.R. 188550, August 199, 2013
Arigo v. Swift, G.R. 206510, September 16, 2014
BPI v. Guevara, G.R. 167052, March 11, 2015
Republic v. Mupas, G.R. 181892, September 8, 2015
6. Rearing the Youth
Rosaldes v. People, G.R. 173988, October 8, 2014
People v. Ancajas, G.R. 199270, October 21, 2015
7. Women
Dabalos v. RTC, G.R. 193960, January 7, 2013
Garcia v. Drilon, G.R. 179267, June 25, 2013
8. Social Justice
Manila Water Company v. Del Rosario, G.R. 188747, January 29, 2014
Goodyear Phils, Inc. v. Angus, G.R. 185449, November 12, 2014
Reyes v. Glaucoma Research Found.,Inc., G.R. 189255, June 17, 2015
Centro Project Manpower Services Corp. v. Naluis, G.R. 160123, June 17, 2015
Ilaw Buklod ng Manggagawa Nestle Phils., Inc. Chapter (Ice Cream and Chilled Products Division) v.
Nestle Philippines, Inc., G.R. 198675, September 23, 2015
9. Separate and Church and State
Imbong v. Ochoa, G.R. 204819, April 11, 2014
10. Supremacy of the Civilian Authority
11. Local Autonomy
Belgica v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 208566, November 19, 2013
12. Economy
Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. 122156, February 3, 1997
13. Miscellaneous
Calawag v. UP-Visayas, G.R. 207412, August 7, 2013
Akang v. Municipality of Isulan, G.R. 186014, June 26, 2013
Paje v. Casino, G.R. 207257, February 3, 2015
Int’l Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications, Inc. Greenpace Southeast Asia, G.R.
209271, December 8, 2015
14. Citizenship
a. Who are citizens?
b. Modes of acquisition
c. Distinguish of Citizens under the 1935, 1973 and 1987 Constitution
Mercado v. Manzano, G.R. 135083, May 26, 1999
Re: Application for Admission to the Philippine Bar, Vicente D. Ching (1999)
Bengzon III v. HRET, G.R. 142840, May 7, 2001
David v. Agbay, G.R. 199113, Marhc 18, 2015
Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. 177597, July 16, 2008
NPC Drivers and Mechanics Association v. NPC G.R. 156208, Septmber 26, 2006
Poe-Llamanzares v. COMELEC, G.R. 221697
Republic v. Sagun, G.R. 187567, February 15, 2012

V. Structures and powers of the national government

1. Legislative Department
a. Senate
 i. Qualification
ii. Composition
iii. Term
b. House of Representatives
i. Qualifications
Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. 192214, June 25, 2013
Jalover v. de la Pena, G.R. 209286, Sept. 23, 2014
Caballero v. COMELEC, G.R. 209835, Sept. 22, 2015
Aquino III v. COMELEC, G.R.189793, April 7, 2010
Aldaba v. COMELEC, G.R. 188078, January 25, 2010
Navaro v. Ermita, G.R. 180050, February 10, 2010
Naval v. COMELEC, G.r. 207851, July 8, 2014
Bagabuyo v. COMELEC, G.R. 176970, Dec 8, 2008
Reyes v. COMELEC, G.R. 207264, October 22, 2013
Velasco v. Belmonte, Jr., G.R. 211140, Jan 12, 2016
Ty-Delgado v. HRET, G.R. 219603, January 26, 2016
Abang Lingkod v. COMELEC, G.R. 206952, Oct 22, 2013
Abayon v. HRET, G.R. 222236, May 3, 2016
ii. Term
iii. Composition
(1) District Representative
(2) Partylist Representative

R.A. 7941
Senior Citizens Partylist v. COMELEC, G.R. 206844-45, July 23, 2013
BANAT v. COMELEC (2009)
Atong Paglaum Inc. v. COMELEC (2013)
Coalition of Associations of Senior Citizens in the Phils v. COMELEC (2013)

c. Legislative privileges, inhibitions and disqualifications

Liban v. Gordon, G.R. 175352, January 18, 2011

d. Quorum and voting majorities

e. Discipline of members
Pobre v. Defensor-Santiago, A.C. 7399, Aug 25, 2009

f. Journals

g. Adjournment

h. Electoral Tribunals and the Commission on Appointments

Tanada v. COMELEC, G.R. 217012, March 21, 2016
Tanada v. COMELEC, G.R. 207199-200, Oct 22, 2013
Lico v. COMELEC, G.R. 205505, September 29, 2015

i. Powers of Congress
i. Legislative Inquiries
(1) Question Hour
(2) Appropriation
ii. Limitations
iii. Automatic Re-appropriation
iv. Special Funds
(1) Taxation
(2) Power of concurrence
(3) War Powers

Romero v. Estrada, G.R. 174105, April 2, 2009

Senate v. Ermita, G.R. 169777, April 20, 2006
Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Offers and Investigations (2008)
Nagkakaisang Maralita ng Sitio Masigasig v. Military Shrine Service,
G.R. 187587, June 5, 2013
SEC v. Laigo, G.R. 188639, September 2, 2015
Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr., G.R>208566, November 19, 2013
TESDA v COA, G.R. 196418, February 10, 2015
Abakada Guro Party List v. Purisima, G.R. 166715, August 14, 2008
Araullo v. Aquino III, G.R. 209287, July 2014 and Feb 3, 2015
 Mactan-Cebu Intl Airport Authority v. City of Lapu Lapu, G.R. 181756, June 15, 2015

j. Prohibited Measure
Carpio-Morales v. CA, G.R. 217126, Nov 10, 2015

2. Executive department
a. The President

b. Vice President

c. Qualifications
Poe-Llamanzares v. COMELEC, G.R. 221697, March 8, 2016 and April 5, 2016
Pormento v. Estrada, G.R. 191988, August 31, 2010

d. Privileges, inhibitions and disqualifications

Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait v. Reyes,
G.R. 180771, April 21, 2015

e. Powers
i. Appointing
Velicaria-Garafil v. Office of the President, G.R. 203372, June 16, 2015
The Provincial Government of Aurora v. Marco, G.R. 202331, April 22, 2015
De Castro v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. 191002, March 21, 2010
Velicaria-Garafil v. Office of the President, G.R. 203372, June 16, 2015
ii. Removal
iii. Control
Moran v. Office of the President, G.R. 192957, G.R. September 29, 2014
Maritime Industry Authority v. COA, G.R. 185812, January 13, 2015
Hontiveros-Baraquel v. Toll Regulatory Board, G.R. 181293, February 23, 2015
iv. Take Care Clause
Almario v. Exec. Secretary, G.R. 189028, July 16, 2013
Estrada v. Ombudsman, G.R. 212140, January 21, 2015
v. Military Powers
(1) Martial Law
(2) Command of AFP
Saguisag v. Ochoa, Jr., G.R. 212426, January 12, 2016
Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. 1990293, March 20, 2012
Lagman v. Medialdea, G.R. 231658, July 4, 2017
Kulayan v. Tan, G.R. 187298, July 3, 2012
vi. Pardoning
Risos-Vidal v. COMELEC, G.R. 206666, January 21, 2015
Maruhom v. People, G.R. 206513, Oct 20, 2015
Monsanto v. Factoran, Jr., G.R. 78239, Feb 9, 1989
vii. Borrowing
viii. Diplomatic
Vinuya v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 162230, August 13, 2014
ix. Budgetary
x. Informing
xi. Residual Powers
Marcos v. Maglapus, G.R. 88211, September 15, 1989
xii. Other powers
Ampatuan v. Puno, G.R. 190259, June 7, 2011

f. President Electoral Tribunal

Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal (2010 and 2011)

g. Rules on Succession

3. Judicial Department
a. Concepts

b. Independence of the Judiciary

In the matter of save the Supreme Court Judicial Independence and Fiscal Autonomy Movement
v. Abolition of Judiciary Development Fund (JDF) and Reduction of Fiscal Autonomy (2015)
 Re: COA Opinion on the Computation of the Appraised Value of the Properties Purchased by
the Retired Chief/Associate Justices of the Supreme Court,
A.M. 11—7-10-SC, July 31, 2012

c. Supreme Court
i. Composition
ii. Rule Making Power
Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the GSIS from payment of Legal
Fees, A.M. 08-2-01-0, February 11, 2010

d. Judicial power
Daabay v. Coco cola, G.R. 199890, Aug 19, 2013

e. Justiciable and Political Questions

Vinuya v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 162230, August 13, 2014
In the Matter of Save the Supreme Court Judicial Independence and Fiscal Autonomy Mov’t v.
Abolition of Judiciary Development Fund and Reduction of Fiscal Autonomy, January 21, 2015
SEC v. Laigo, G.R. 188639, September 2, 2015

f. Theory and Justification of Judicial Review

Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)
Francisco v. House of Rep., G.R. 160261, Nov.10, 2003

i. Requisites of Judicial Review

(1) Actual Case or Controversy
(a) Prematurity:
PACU v Secretary of Education (1955)
Mariano v Comelec, G.R. 119694 March 7, 1995
Cutaran v. DENR, G.R. 134958, January 31, 2001
Montesclaros v. Comelec, G.R. 152295. July 9, 2002
(b) Mootness:
Atlas Fertilizer v. Sec, DAR, G.R. 93100, June 19, 1997
Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. 140835. Aug 14, 2000
Lacson v. Perez, G.R. 147780, May 10, 2001
Defunis v. Odegaard, 416 U.S. 312 (1974)
(c) Exceptions to Mootness:
Acop v. Guingona, G.R. 134855, July 2, 2002
Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 159085, February 3, 2004
Pimentel v. Ermita, G.R. 164978, October 13, 2005
(2) Proper Party
Joya v PCGG, G.R. 96541, August 24, 1993
Agan v. PIATCO, G.R. 155001, May 5, 2003
CHR Employees Assoc. v. CHR, G.R. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004

(a) Citizen Standing:

Tanada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
Chavez v. PEA and Amari, G.R. 133250, July 9, 2002
(b) Associational Standing:
KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, G.R. 115381, Dec. 23, 1994
John Hay PAC. v. Lim, G.R. 119775, Oct. 24, 2003
IBP v. Zamora, G.R. 141284, August 15, 2000
Executive Secretary v. CA, 429 SCRA 781, May 25, 2004
Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
(c) Taxpayer’s Standing:
U.S. v. Richardson, 418 U.S. 166 (1974)
ITF v. Comelec, G.R. 159139. Jan. 13, 2004
Jumamil v. Café, G.R. 144570, September 21, 2005
(d) Voter’s Standing:
Tolentino v. Comelec, 420 SCRA 438, Jan 21, 2004
(e) Legislative Standing:
Ople v. Torres (1998)
(f) Governmental Standing:
 People v. Vera, 65 Phil 56, November 16, 1937
(g) Facial Challenge:
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 148560, Nov. 19, 2001
(3) Earliest Opportunity
Umali v. Guingona 1999
(4) Necessity of Deciding Constitutional Questions
Arceta v. Mangrobang, G.R. 152895. June 15, 2004
ii. Mandatory Notice
Mirasol v. CA, G.R. 128448, February 1, 2001

iii. Functions of Judicial Review

Mitra v Comelec, 104 SCRA 58 (1981)
Salonga v Cruz-Pano, 134 SCRA 438 (1985)
Javier v. Comelec, 144 SCRA 194 (1988)

iv. The Exercise of Judicial Review

Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659, G.R.74457, 1987

g. Effect of Declaration of Unconstitutionality

New Civil Code, Article 7
Serrano de Agbayani v PNB, G.R.L-23127, 1972

h. Partial Unconstitutionality
Salazar v Achacoso, G.R. 81510, Mar 14, 1986

i. Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality

j. Judicial restraint

k. Appointments to the judiciary

l. Judicial and Bar Council

Jardeleza v. Sereno, G.R. 213181, January 21, 2015
Villanueva v. Judicial and Bar Council (2015)
Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council (2012 and 2013)

a. Judicial Privilege
Re: Request for Guidance/Clarification on Section 7, Rule 111 of the Republic Act No. 7,
Monsanto v. Factoran, Jr. (1989)

VI. Constitutional Commissions

1. Composition, Qualifications and Jurisdiction
a. Civil Service Commission
b. Commission on Elections
c. Commission on Audit

Funa v. Ermita, G.R. 1847440, February 11, 2010

Funa v. Agra, G.R. 191644, February 19, 2013
Dela Llana v. Chairman, COA (2012)
Ocampo v. COA, G.R.188716, June 10, 2013
Queribin v. COMELEC, G.R. 218787, Dec. 8, 2015

VII. The Education

1. Academic Freedom
Camacho v. Corresis, G.R.13472, Aug22, 2002
Capitol Medical Center v. CA, G.R.82499, October 13, 1989