Machine Design-2

Lecture [7]

Bearings

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 Bearings
❑The main function of a rotating shaft is to transmit
power from one end of the line to the other.
❑It needs a good supports to ensure stability and
frictionless rotation.
❑The support for the shaft is known as bearing.
❑Bearings are machine elements which are used to
support a rotating member called as shaft.
❑They transmit the load from a rotating member to a
stationary member known as frame or housing.

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 History of Bearings
❑ The history of bearings goes back to prehistoric times. At
that time, it was necessary to carry large and heavy stones
in order to make a huge building.

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 History of Bearings
❑ Leonard da Vinci, a universal genius in the 15th century, drew a sketch
that became the basis of today's bearings. What he sketched was a
current ball bearing, which uses balls instead of rollers. He had
envisioned the ball bearing before bearings became widely popular.

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 Bearing Loads
❑ Axial Load
❑ Radial Load
❑ Combined Load

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 Types of Rolling Elements
Spherical roller Spherical roller
Ball (symmetrical) (asymmetrical)

Cylindrical roller Taper roller

Needle roller

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 Characteristics
Ball bearings Point Contact :
Deep groove Angular Self-aligning
ball bearing contact ball bearing
ball bearing

* Less area of contact

* Less friction
* More speed
* Less load
Roller bearings
Cylindrical Taper Needle Spherical
Line Contact :
roller roller roller roller
bearing bearing bearing bearing

* More area of contact

* More friction
* Less speed
* More load

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 Radial rolling bearings

Ball bearings Roller bearings

Deep groove Angular Self-aligning Cylindrical Taper Needle Spherical
ball bearing contact ball bearing roller roller roller roller
ball bearing bearing bearing bearing bearing

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 Thrust bearings

Ball bearings Roller bearings

Angular Taper Spherical Cylindrical
Thrust Contact Roller Roller / Needle
ball bearing Ball Thrust Thrust Thrust Roller
bearing bearing bearing Thrust
bearing

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 Deep Groove Ball Bearing
A Ball bearing is a common
type of rolling – element –
bearing.

-Point contact
- support radial and axial
loads.

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 Angular Contact Ball Bearing
Designed for axial
loading; used in
pairs

These bearing are

used where the
thrust load is
equal to or
greater than
radial load.
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 Self-aligning double row ball bearing
Due to their self-aligning
capability, they can
compensate for
misalignments, shaft
deflections and housing
deformations. They can
accommodate radial and
thrust loads in both
directions.

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 Cylindrical roller bearings
Precision cylindrical roller
bearings can
accommodate high radial
loads and are suitable for
very high speeds.

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 TAPERED ROLLER BEARING
High radial and axial
load ratings; used in
pairs
These bearings carry
heavy loads at moderate
speed. There should
always be mounted in
pairs with opposed taper
because in each bearing
the radial load produced
an axial component
which needs counter
balance

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 Spherical Roller Bearing
– Allows for
misalignment

These bearings are

suitable for use with
independent support
housing and wherever
there is possibility of a
lack of alignment. It
can carry medium or
heavy redial or
combined load.

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 NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING
Thrust and radial
types; typically no
inner race
These bearings are
used in plans where
the speed in low or
oscillation takes place
as in wrist pin, rocker
arm, universal joint
etc.

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 THRUST BALL BEARING
– Designed for pure
axial loading.
This type comprises a row
of balls running
between two flat groove
washers with balls track
designed to absorbed
thrust load in one direction
this does not with stand
any radial loads, also with
this is not suitable for
higher speeds.

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Light radial load Ball Bearings Moderate radial load

Light axial Light axial

(thrust) load
load

Deep groove ball bearing Self-aligning double row ball bearing

Moderate radial load Light radial load

High axial Angular contact High axial

load load
ball bearing
Single acting thrust
ball bearing
Other Antifriction Bearings High radial
load
Low axial load High radial load
Low axial load

Cylindrical roller bearing

Spherical roller bearing

High radial load Tapered roller

bearing

High
axial
load
Needle roller
bearing
 LoadCapabilities
Load carrying capacity
is expressed as the basic
dynamic load rating

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 Relative Speed Limitations
r/min

Oil lubrication
speed rating

Grease lubrication
speed rating

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 Internal Clearances
C1 - Less than C2 clearance
C2 - less than normal clearance
Radial (CN, C0) - normal clearance (not
clearance generally
marked)
C3 - greater than normal clearance
(“standard”)
C4 - greater than C3 clearance
C5 - greater than C4 clearance
Example:
A 6210 /C3 Ball bearing has
from 18 - 36 µm (microns) or
0.0007” - 0.0014” Radial
Internal Clearance
Axial
clearance

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