EXPLORING THE MODES

OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV.
FACE OF NATIONAL HEALTH STUDENTS ASSOCIATION OF GHANA 2023
PRESENTATION
CONTESTANT NAME: JESS
NOMINEE CODE: DM18
OBJECTIVES

➢ DEFINITION OF HIV

➢ CAUSES OF HIV

➢ HIV INCIDENCE

➢ MODES OF TRANSMISSION
 DEFINITION

✓HIV, which stands for human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that

attacks the immune system of the human body.
✓It specifically targets and weakness CD4 T cells, which are a type of
white blood cell responsible for fighting off infections and disease.
✓HIV gradually destroys these cells, impairing the body’s ability to
mount an effective immune response.

If left untreated, HIV infection can progress to a more advanced stage

known as AIDS(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is
characterized by a severely weakened immune system, making
individuals more susceptible to various opportunistic infections and
certain types of cancers.
CAUSES

The primary cause of HIV Infection is

the transmission of the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from one
person to another.

It is important to note that HIV is not

transmitted through casual contact such
as hugging, shaking hands or sharing
food or drinks. It is primarily transmitted
through specific activities that involve
the exchange of certain body fluids
containing the virus
INCIDENCE

Incidence of HIV varies globally, with sub-Saharan Africa being the

most heavily affected region. Factors like lack of access to
healthcare, education, and awareness contribute to the spread of HIV
in many areas. Prevention measures include practicing safe sex,
using clean needles, early diagnosis, and antiretroviral therapy to
manage the virus and slow its progression.
 MODES OF TRANSMISSION

HIV is primarily transmitted through:

➢ Unprotected Sexual Contact: Sexual intercourse

without using condoms is a common mode of
transmission, especially if one partner is infected.

➢ Contaminated Blood: Sharing needles or syringes for

drug use or medical procedures can lead to HIV
transmission if the equipment is contaminated.

➢ Mother-to-Child Transmission: An infected mother can

transmit the virus to her baby during pregnancy,
childbirth, or breastfeeding.
CONT’D

➢Occupational Exposure: Healthcare workers can be at risk if they

come into contact with contaminated blood or body fluids.

➢Transfusions and Organ Transplants: Although rare, receiving

contaminated blood products or organs from infected donors can
lead to transmission.

➢Pre-natal Transmission: The virus can pass from an infected

pregnant woman to her fetus through the placenta
“

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