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Theory

2) The objectives for the impression procedure are retention, support, stability,
preservation and aesthetics. Retention is the dentures ability to withstand the
vertical forces. These are the forces opposite to insertion. The retention is completed
by a series of factors based off surface tension and viscosity of the saliva, and can be
achieved by a good border seal as well as base adaptation to the models. Retention
can be optimized by taking a very accurate impression, which needs a correct border
mould in order to pick up the correct anatomy of the patient. This should be done by
incorporating all of the associated movements of the masticatory muscles and
frenums. Support is the resistance to vertical movement of the denture towards the
residual ridge. The denture must extend to cover as much surface area as possible
which can be gained by the impression procedures. The impression should flow into
all free space. This should also incorporate all moving tissues in the mouth that may
dislodge the denture. The increased extension into areas decreased displacement of
the tissues and decreases the denture movement when it is in place.

3) Vertical jaw relation, horizontal jaw relation, orientation jaw relation

4) Vertical jaw relation shows the vertical dimension of rest as well as the vertical
dimension of occlusion. The vertical dimension of rest is the separation of the maxilla
and mandible when the muscles of the mandible are at rest. This is significant as it
shows the freeway space of occlusion as well as shows the position of the jaw at
complete rest. This can be found by completing facial measurements as it shows the
length of the face with the mandible completely relaxed. The vertical dimension of
occlusion shows the relationship of the maxilla to the mandible when the teeth are
in contact. So whilst the teeth are in occusion shows how the mandible and maxilla
relate superiorly and inferiorly. This is vital for complete dentures as it will be when
the patient occludes their teeth with either the wax block or the denture. The next
measurement in vertical jaw relation is the freeway space, which can be calculated
as VDR – VDO. This shows the distsance between occluding surfaces of both upper
and lower dentition. This is vital in complete denture making as an excessive freeway
space can interfere with occlusion, facial distortion and a click of teeth.

Practical

1) Yellow is secondary stress bearing areas, green is primary stress bearing areas, blue
is relief areas

2) The labelled relief areas are the incisive papilla and the median raphe. The incisive
papilla is an area that overlies a foramen which extrudes a lot of nerve fibres and
blood vessels, so relief must be given to this anatomical landmark to prevent tingly
feelings for the patient or pressure on these nerves. Pressure on these nerves can
cause paraesthesia of the upper lip and deprive certain tissues of blood. The median
raphe is a suture through the middle of the hard palate. The raphe must be relieved
 to create an equilibrium between tissues that are resilient and tissues that are not
resilient. So a wax spacer must be added on both of these landmarks to give relief to
these structures clinically.

3) 1 = retromyohyoid fossa, 2 = lingual frenum, 3 = massenteric notch, 4 = buccal

vestibule, 5 = buccal frenum, 6 = labial vestibule, 7 = labial frenum, 8 = sublingual
fold, 9 = mylohyoid ridge, 10 = retromolar pad