Bilinear Transformation or Linear Fractional

Transformation
Earlier we examined complex linear mappings where and are
complex constants Recall that such mappings act by rotating, magnifying, and
translating points in the complex plane. We then discussed the complex reciprocal
mapping . An important property of the reciprocal mapping, when defined
on the extended complex plane, is that it maps certain lines to circles and certain
circles to lines. A more general type of mapping that has similar properties is a linear
fractional transformation
Bilinear Transformation: A transformation defined by

where are complex numbers and , is called a bilinear

transformation or Linear Fractional Transformation or Mobius transformation.
Example: Find the images of the points , and under the linear
fractional transformation

Solution: For and , we have

and

Identifying , and , we also have:

Definition: Points for which are called the fixed or invariant points
of the transformation.
Example: The fixed or invariant points of the transformation are
solutions of , i.e., .

Ex: Find the invariant points and the inverse of the bilinear transformation
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